Phylogenetic relationships of the African genera Alestes and Brycinus (Teleostei, Characiformes, Alestidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1887-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Murray ◽  
Kathlyn M Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

The family Alestidae (also referred to as the African Characidae) comprises the African dwarf forms ("Petersiini") and the genera Alestes, Brycinus, Bryconaethiops, and Hydrocynus. Although several authors have presented characters to support the monophyly of the family, a cladistic analysis of the group has not been published. Furthermore, the interrelationships of the constituent groups are the subject of some controversy. A cladistic analysis of the Alestidae is presented, including characters to support the monophyly of the family. The results of this study indicate that several species should be removed from the genus Brycinus, that Hydrocynus is the sister group of Alestes s.str. (containing only five species), and that the dwarf alestids ("Petersiini") do not form a monophyletic group.

Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hemiuroidea (Platyhelminthes, Neodermata:Trematoda) based on partial 28S rDNA sequences

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Sokolov ◽  
Dmitry M. Atopkin ◽  
Misako Urabe ◽  
Ilya I. Gordeev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

AbstractIn the present paper, the phylogenetic relationships between genera, subfamilies and families of the Hemiuroidea are explored. Twelve new sequences of 28 rDNA and data taken from GenBank (NSBI) on 43 species affiliated to 34 genera were included in the analysis. Most of the hemiuroidean trematodes form two highly supported clades (A and B), which are sister groups to each other.Hemipera manterijoined withGonocercaspp. with moderate statistical support. This clade is basal relative to the clades A and B. Сlade A is polytomic and contains representatives of the families Accacoeliidae, Syncoeliidae, Didymozoidae, Hirudinellidae and Sclerodistomidae, and derogenid subfamilies Derogeninae and Halipeginae. At the same time, the Syncoeliidae, Hirudinellidae and Accacoeliidae form a well-supported monophyletic group. The phylogenetic relationship between Derogeninae and Halipeginae is poorly resolved. Сlade B unites the isoparorchiid, bunocotylid, lecithasterid and hemiurid trematodes. Our data re-establishes the family Bunocotylidae, which consists of two subfamilies, Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylinae, and theMachidatrema chilostoma+Hysterolecithoides frontilatusgroup. The Bunocotylidae is the sister group to the Hemiuridae + Lecithasteridae group and the Isoparorchiidae is a basal relative to the representatives of these three hemiuroid families.

Larval morphology of the diving beetle Celina and the phylogeny of ancestral hydroporines (Coleoptera:Dytiscidae:Hydroporinae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano C. Michat ◽  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Patricia L. M. Torres ◽  
Yoandri S. Megna
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Diving Beetles ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Phylogenetic relationships within diving beetles (Dytiscidae) are imperfectly known. In particular, some authors have considered that the tribe Methlini is included in the subfamily Hydroporinae (a large group including about half of the dytiscid species worldwide), whereas others have argued in favour of excluding Methlini from the Hydroporinae and giving it subfamilial rank. Larval characters have been underutilised in phylogenetic studies, mainly because the larvae of many taxa within the family are still unknown. The larval morphology of the dytiscid tribe Methlini, in particular, remains poorly known. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships among ancestral lineages of the Hydroporinae are investigated based on a cladistic analysis of 34 taxa and 127 morphological larval characters. For this purpose, larvae of the Methlini (Celina parallela (Babington, 1841)) and C. imitatrix Young, 1979) are described and illustrated in detail for the first time, with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. The results show high support for a monophyletic origin of the Hydroporinae, including Methlini, based on eight unique character states. Giving Methlini subfamily rank would leave Hydroporinae with a single unique larval apomorphy. This supports the inclusion of Methlini as a tribe of Hydroporinae. Other interesting but less well supported results include: 1, the clade Laccornini + Hydrovatini + Canthyporus Zimmermann, 1919 (Hydroporini) resolved as the sister-group to the other Hydroporinae minus Methlini; and 2, Hydrovatini and Canthyporus resolved as sister-groups. The presence of a galea, albeit in a reduced form, in larvae of Methlini, Laccornini and Hydrovatini is of the utmost interest. The putative hypothesis of an ancestral position for these genera within Hydroporinae suggests that hydroporines lost the galea secondarily.

Phylogenetic relationships in the monocot order Commelinales, with a focus on PhilydraceaeThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Systematics Research.

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Saarela ◽  
Peter J. Prentis ◽  
Hardeep S. Rai ◽  
Sean W. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Likelihood Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
Selection Of

To characterize higher-order phylogenetic relationships among the five families of Commelinales, we surveyed multiple plastid loci from exemplar taxa sampled broadly from the order, and from other major monocot lineages. Phylogenetic inferences in Commelinales using parsimony and likelihood methods are congruent, and we find strong support for most aspects of higher-order relationship in the order. We obtain moderately strong support for the local placement of Philydraceae, a family whose position has proven particularly difficult to infer in previous studies. Commelinaceae and Hanguanaceae are sister taxa, and together they are the sister group of a clade consisting of Haemodoraceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae; Haemodoraceae and Pontederiaceae are also sister taxa. Our sampling of Philydraceae includes all three or four genera in the family; we identify Philydrella as the sister group of a Helmholtzia–Philydrum clade, a resolution that is potentially consistent with several aspects of morphology.

Karripurcellia, a new pettalid genus (Arachnida : Opiliones : Cyphophthalmi) from Western Australia, with a cladistic analysis of the family Pettalidae

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Anal Glands ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group Relationships

Examination of museum specimens belonging to the cyphophthalmid Gondwanan family Pettalidae has rendered a collection of specimens placed in the new genus Karripurcellia. The genus includes three species, K.�peckorum, sp. nov., K. sierwaldae, sp. nov. and K. harveyi, sp. nov., from the Pemberton area in Western Australia. These are the first cyphophthalmid species found outside Queensland in Australia. Karripurcellia, gen. nov. is distinguished from other Australian pettalids by the lack of modifications in the anal plate, as well as the lack of the typical male anal glands of pettalids, sironids and the stylocellid genus Fangensis Rambla, 1994. Two of the species, K. peckorum, sp. nov. and K. sierwaldae, sp. nov., live sympatrically and have been collected in the same litter samples in one locality. The proposition of the new genus is accompanied by a cladistic analysis of all pettalid genera and most species within each genus, with the exception of the species-rich genus Rakaia Hirst, 1925. The cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of the Karripurcellia, gen. nov. species, but their sister-group relationships are unclear. However, the remaining Australian species cluster with the pettalids from New Zealand and South Africa, but not with Karripurcellia, sp. nov.

scholarly journals Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis , a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae.

Phylogenetic interrelationships in the order Primulales, with special emphasis on the family circumscriptions

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1699-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne A. Anderberg ◽  
Bertil Ståhl
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The Family

Cladistic parsimony analyses, based on morphological data, have been undertaken with the purpose of identifying major monophyletic groups and phylogenetic interrelationships within the Primulales. Actinidia (Actinidiaceae, Ericales) and three genera from two families of the Ebenales (Diospyros of the Ebenaceae and Manilkara and Monotheca of the Sapotaceae) were used as outgroups in the analyses. The results indicate that the Primulaceae, Theophrastaceae, and Myrsinaceae (excluding Maesa) represent three major monophyletic groups. The Myrsinaceae were found to be paraphyletic, with the majority of taxa forming a monophyletic group but with the genus Maesa constituting the sister group of the Primulaceae. It is proposed that Maesa should be raised to the rank of family to obtain strictly monophyletic groups in the Primulales. The genera Aegiceras and Coris, for which family affinities have been controversial, are well nested within the families Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae, respectively. Key words: Primulales, Theophrastaceae, Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny, cladistics, classification.

A cladistic analysis of the Holarctic genera of adelid moths (Lepidoptera: Incur varoidea)

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
The Family

AbstractA preliminary cladistic-phylogenetic analysis of the four Holarctic genera of Adelidae recognized is presented. The monophyly of the superfamily Incurvarioidea is demonstrated on the basis of three possible synapomorphies, and that of the family Adelidae on the basis of three others. The subgenus Cauchas Zeller, 1839 is given generic status, as it is demonstrated to represent the sister-group of Nemophora Illiger & Hoffmannsegg, 1798 and Adela Latreille, 1796. Chalceopla Braun, 1921 is a new synonym of Cauchas Zeller, 1839. A key to the genera, based on males, is given.

scholarly journals Restructuring the Ancorabolidae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and Cletodidae T. Scott, with a new phylogenetic hypothesis regarding the relationships of the Laophontoidea T. Scott, Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-498
Author(s):  
Kai Horst George
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Swimming Leg

Uncovering the systematics of CopepodaHarpacticoida, the second-most abundant component of the meiobenthos after Nematoda, is of major importance for any further research dedicated especially to ecological and biogeographical approaches. Based on the evolution of the podogennontan first swimming leg, a new phylogenetic concept of the Ancorabolidae Sars and Cletodidae T. Scott sensu Por (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) is presented, using morphological characteristics. It confirms the polyphyletic status of the Ancorabolidae and its subfamily Ancorabolinae Sars and the paraphyletic status of the subfamily Laophontodinae Lang. Moreover, it clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of the so far assigned members of the family. An exhaustive phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using 150 morphological characters, resulting in the establishment of a now well-justified monophylum Ancorabolidae. In that context, the Ancorabolus-lineage sensu Conroy-Dalton and Huys is elevated to sub-family rank. Furthermore, the membership of Ancorabolina George in a rearranged monophylum Laophontodinae is confirmed. Conversely, the Ceratonotus-group sensu Conroy-Dalton is transferred from the hitherto Ancorabolinae to the Cletodidae. Within these, the Ceratonotus-group and its hypothesised sister-group Cletodes Brady are combined to form a monophyletic subfamily Cletodinae T. Scott, subfam. nov. Consequently, it was necessary to restructure the Ancorabolidae, Ancorabolinae and Laophontodinae and extend the Cletodidae to include the displacement and exclusion of certain taxa. Moreover, comparison of the Ancorabolidae, Cletodidae, Laophontoidea and other Podogennonta shows that the Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae form sister-groups in a monophylum Cletodoidea Bowman and Abele, which similarly has a sister-group-relationship with the Laophontoidea T. Scott. According to the present study, both taxa constitute a derived monophylum within the Podogennonta Lang.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genomes Provide Insights into the Phylogeny of Culicomorpha (Insecta: Diptera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Zehui Kang ◽  
Shuangmei Ding ◽  
Yuyu Wang ◽  
Chris Borkent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
New Family ◽  
Mt Genome

Culicomorpha is a monophyletic group containing most bloodsucking lower dipterans, including many important vectors of pathogens. However, the higher-level phylogenetic relationships within Culicomorpha are largely unresolved, with multiple competing hypotheses based on molecular sequence data. Here we sequenced four nearly complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes representing four culicomorph families, and combined these new data with published mt genomes to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of all eight extant culicomorph families. We estimated phylogenies using four datasets and three methods. We also used four-cluster likelihood mapping to study potential incongruent topologies supported by the different datasets and phylogenetic questions generated by the previous studies. The results showed that a clade containing Ceratopogonidae, Thaumaleidae and Simuliidae was the sister group to all other Culicomorpha; in another clade, the Dixidae was basal to the remaining four families; Chaoboridae, Corethrellidae and Culicidae formed a monophyletic group and the Chironomidae was the sister group to this clade; Culicidae and Corethrellidae were sister groups in all trees. Our study provides novel mt genome data in Culicomorpha for three new family representatives, and the resulting mt phylogenomic analysis helps to resolve the phylogeny and taxonomy of Culicomorpha.

Phylogenetic relationships among nassariid gastropods

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Haasl
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stratigraphic Position

Phylogenetic relationships within the neogastropod family Nassariidae are poorly understood as are relationships between the Nassariidae and other fossil and extant buccinid taxa. The poor resolution of nassariid and buccinoidean relationships is due to: 1) the complex distribution among these gastropods of characters commonly used in classification; 2) a number of Mesozoic and Paleogene genera whose relationships to extant buccinoidean lineages are poorly constrained; and 3) a lack of previous efforts to address these problems on a rigorous, phylogenetic basis.The results of a phylogenetic analysis of nassariid genera did not decisively support the monophyly of the family. The buccinid subfamily Photinae was an extant sister group to the Nassariinae in a phylogenetic analysis of extant taxa and on many cladograms from an analysis combining fossil and extant taxa. In addition, Buccitriton (representing the Paleogene Tritiaria group) was a sister taxon to the Nassariinae in all analyses in which it was included, regardless of the identity of the extant nassariine sister group. This suggests that the photines, which likely arose from a Tritiaria ancestor, are the closest living relatives to the Nassariinae. Many Paleogene fossil “buccinoid” taxa appear to be more distantly related to the Nassariinae and possibly to the rest of the nassariids as well. Stratigraphic range data combined with the results of this study suggest that the Nassariinae diversified rapidly in the early Miocene and achieved a cosmopolitan distribution early in their history. A largely Indo-Pacific subclade was consistently deeply-nested within the Nassariinae, suggesting that nassariines invaded the Indo-Pacific region most recently. The timing of this invasion is difficult to estimate but had occurred by the end of the Miocene. Further analyses using molecular sequence data, relative stratigraphic position, or focusing in more detail on the Paleogene taxa are required to resolve the identity of the sister group to the Nassariinae with greater confidence.

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