Virulence dynamics and phenotypic diversity of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae in Canada from 1974 to 1990

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chong ◽  
J. A. Kolmer
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The changes in virulence phenotype frequencies of Puccinia coronata Cda. f.sp. avenae Eriks. since 1974 in the eastern (Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes) and prairie (Manitoba and Saskatchewan) regions of Canada were examined. In the eastern region, frequency of virulence to Pc39 increased after the release of a cultivar with this resistance gene. Virulence to Pc38 and Pc39 increased in the prairie region after cultivars with these two genes were released. The frequencies of virulence to Pc35 and Pc56 fluctuated between 9 and 53% in the eastern region, even though these genes are not known to be present in oat cultivars grown there. In the prairie region, the frequencies of virulence to Pc35 and Pc40 fluctuated between 21 and 60% from 1974 to 1990, and virulence to Pc46 increased from 7% in 1974 to 72% in 1985, even though these genes have not been used in commercial oat cultivars. The prairie population generally had higher levels of phenotypic diversity, as measured by the Shannon, Simpson, and Gleason indexes, than did the eastern population in almost all years examined. These results contrast with previous studies using an older set of differentials in which the eastern population had a higher level of phenotypic diversity than the prairie population. The Rogers index indicated that differences in frequencies of virulence phenotypes between the two populations has increased gradually since 1974. Key words: crown rust, resistance genes, selection, phenotypic diversity.

Distribution of virulence in two populations of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae in Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
J. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Sexual Recombination ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Specific Virulence

The distributions of virulence in the eastern (Ontario and Quebec) and prairie (Manitoba and Saskatchewan) populations of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae in Canada were examined from virulence survey data in 1974 and 1990 to determine if these populations resemble previously characterized sexual or asexual cereal rust populations. Single uredinial isolates from both populations were evaluated for virulence phenotype on single gene differential host lines. The eastern and prairie populations in 1974 were dominated by relatively simple phenotypes that were avirulent or virulent to one of the single gene lines. In 1990, after virulence to crown rust resistance genes Pc39 and Pc38/Pc39 increased in frequency in the eastern and prairie populations, respectively, the eastern population had an increased proportion of isolates with virulences to one to two genes, and the prairie population was dominated by isolates with one to four virulences. Increasing virulence to Pc39 in the eastern population and Pc38 and Pc39 in the prairie population also contributed to a greater number of phenotypes in both populations in 1990 compared with 1974. The distributions of virulence differences among isolates in both populations in 1974 and 1990 appeared to be nearly random, approximating Poisson distributions. Associations between pairs of specific virulences to 10 single gene lines were examined in both populations during 1974 – 1990. Relatively few pairs of virulences in both populations were found to be nonrandomly associated. No associations between pairs of virulences persisted for more than 3 years in either population. Sexual recombination most likely functions in evenly distributing virulences among phenotypes in both populations. Key words: oat, oat crown rust, sexual reproduction, specific virulence.

INHERITANCE OF CROWN RUST RESISTANCE GENES IN AVENA STERILIS COLLECTIONS FROM ISRAEL, PORTUGAL, AND TUNISIA

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fleischmann ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
W. A. Shipton
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Puccinia Coronata Avenae ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The inheritance of genes in three collections of Avena sterilis wild oats conferring resistance to races 216, 264, 295, 305, 326, 330, 332, and 446 of crown rust, Puccinia coronata avenae, was investigated. C. I. 8081 from Portugal contained a partially dominant gene, designated Pc47, which conferred resistance to all eight races. CW486 from Tunisia had a dominant gene, designated Pc50, which gave resistance to all races except 295, 326, and 446. F158 from Israel had two dominant genes; one, designated Pc48, conferred resistance to all the races but 305, while the second, designated Pc49, conferred resistance to races 216, 326, 330, 332, and 446. Genes Pc47, Pc48, Pc49, and Pc50 were inherited independently of each other and of those genes previously isolated from A. sterilis.

scholarly journals Virulence Associations in Oat Crown Rust

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
Y. Anikster ◽  
J. Manisterski
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Isolates of Puccinia coronata obtained from natural populations of Avena sterilis in Israel, winter oat (A. sativa) cultivars in Texas, and spring oat cultivars in the Northern Plains states of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota were analyzed for significance of pairwise virulence associations. Isolates from all three regions were tested on 25 oat lines with single P. coronata (Pc) genes for crown rust resistance from A. sterilis and one line with a Pc gene from A. sativa. Isolates from Israel were tested also on 11 Iowa backcross lines with undesignated crown rust resistance genes from A. sterilis. Four associated virulence groups were identified from significant positive virulence associations that were consistent across all three regions. Group 38 included virulence to Pc-38, Pc-39, Pc-55, Pc-63, and Pc-71; group 45 included virulence to Pc-45, Pc-46, Pc-48, Pc-52, Pc-54, and Pc-57; group 58 included virulence to Pc-35, Pc-40, Pc-58, and Pc-59; and group 61 included virulence to Pc- 36, Pc-51, Pc-56, Pc-60, and Pc-61. Virulence to Pc-70 showed the strongest association to virulences in group 38 but also showed significant association with virulence to Pc-45, Pc-35, and Pc-58. Virulences in group 61 were consistently negatively associated with virulences in group 38 in each region. In Israel, virulences to five of the Iowa lines showed positive associations to virulences in group 61 and negative associations to virulences in groups 38 and 45. Close similarity of reactions of nearly all isolates to Pc-39, Pc-55, and Pc-71 suggest that these genes may be identical or nearly identical alleles.

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Crown Rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, in Accessions of the Tetraploid Slender Oat, Avena barbata

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The use of race-specific seedling genes for resistance has been the primary means of controlling crown rust of oat (Puccinia coronata). As resistance genes from hexaploid cultivated oat, Avena sativa and, later, the wild hexaploid animated oat, A. sterilis, were deployed in oat cultivars, corresponding virulence in the crown rust population increased rapidly, such that the effective lifespan of a resistant cultivar in the United States is now 5 years or less. Introgression of resistance genes from diploid and tetraploid Avena spp. into hexaploid oat has been difficult due to differences in ploidy levels and the lack of homology of chromosomes between the two species. The wild tetraploid slender oat, A. barbata, has been a source of powdery mildew and stem rust resistance in cultivated oat but has largely been unexploited for crown rust resistance. In total, 359 accessions of A. barbata from the National Small Grains Collection were evaluated in seedling greenhouse tests. Of these accessions, 39% were at least moderately resistant when inoculated with a crown rust race with low virulence (DBBC). When tested further with a highly diverse bulk inoculum from the 2006 and 2007 St. Paul buckthorn nursery, 48 accessions (approximately 13%) were resistant. Many of these accessions were heterogeneous in reaction, but two accessions (PI320588 from Israel and PI337893 from Italy) were highly resistant (immune) and two others (PI337886 from Italy and PI367293 from Spain) consistently produced resistant reactions (chlorotic flecks) in all tests. Resistant accessions were found from throughout much of the natural range of A. barbata. Crosses of some of the better accessions have been made to cultivated oat.

scholarly journals Preliminary screening of Avena sterilis L. for resistance to crown rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
SYLWIA SOWA
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The best source of crown rust resistance genes (Pc) in genus Avena is a wild hexaploid A. sterilis L. In this study, accessions of A. sterilis gathered from European and North American gene banks, originated from 21 countries were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using the host–pathogen test and two Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae isolates. Of the 45 oat accessions analyzed, 12 were resistant to one crown rust race (3.2). Resistance to both pathotypes used in the study was observed in two of the accessions, first of which was collected in Libya (AVE 2532) and second in Portugal (CN 26036). Further research is required to evaluate the genetic background of the discovered resistance, however, obtained results provide a valuable first step in the identification of new promising crown rust resistance sources.

scholarly journals Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in Avena magna, A. murphyi, and A. insularis

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Sowa ◽  
Edyta Paczos-Grzęda ◽  
Aneta Koroluk ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Wild oat tetraploids of the section Pachycarpa have already been proven to be a rich source of useful genes but have largely been unexploited for Puccinia coronata resistance. In this study, accessions of Avena magna, A. murphyi, and A. insularis gathered from European and North American gene banks were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using the host–pathogen test and six highly diverse and virulent P. coronata isolates. Of the 92 Avena accessions analyzed, 58.7% were resistant to at least one crown rust race. In all, 37% of the tested accessions reacted nonuniformly, which indicated their heterogeneity. The highest level of resistance was observed in three of the accessions, one of which was verified by flow cytometry as being hexaploid and two of which were verified as being tetraploids. The infection profiles of 19 accessions corresponded to resistance determined by the genes Pc14, Pc39, Pc40, Pc48, Pc50, Pc54, Pc55, Pc61, Pc67, Pc68, Pc97, Pc101, or Pc104. The patterns of infection of the remaining resistant A. magna and A. murphyi accessions allowed us to postulate the presence of potentially novel crown rust resistance genes.

Characterization of Wheat Stripe Rust Resistance Genes in Shaanmai 139

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong ZHANG ◽  
Zhi-Long REN ◽  
Yin-Gang HU ◽  
Chang-You WANG ◽  
Wan-Quan JI
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

VEGETATIVE AND BUNCH COMPONENTS OF FIRST PSEUDOBACKCROSS OF Elaeis oleifera BRAZIL AND SURINAME ORIGIN IN NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Heri Adriwan Siregar ◽  
Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi ◽  
Retno Diah Setiowati ◽  
Edy Suprianto
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Hybrid Cross

An Attempt to combine the superior traits of Elaeis oleifera and Elaeis guineensis have been done through an interspecific hybrid cross and followed by pseudo-backcross 1 (pBC1). Observation of vegetative morphology and bunch components are presented in this paper. Two populations of pBC1 E. oleifera from the Suriname and Brazil origin were planted in 1990, 1993, 1995, and 2005, and were intensively observed for vegetative morphological properties and bunch components in November 2016 to February 2018. The results showed that almost all the individuals of pBC1 grew upright such as E. guineensis, no longer growing horizontally like the wild E. oleifera and the interspecific hybrid populations. The datas showed that the Suriname population plant architecture are compact or smaller than the Brazilian origin including the height increment and the size of the stem, the frond architecture and its components. Similarly, the bunch components show that the pBC1 Brazil is slightly superior to Suriname pBC1.

scholarly journals Seedling Stage Resistance of Iranian Bread Wheat Germplasm to Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
Mehran Patpour
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Following emergence of Ug99, the new virulent race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Africa, a global effort for identification and utilization of new sources of Ug99-resistant germplasm has been undertaken. In this study, we conducted replicated experiments to evaluate the resistance of Iranian wheat germplasm to the TTKSK lineage of the Ug99 race of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. We also evaluated for presence of stem rust resistance genes (i.e., Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr38, Sr39, Sr31, and Sr1RSAmigo) in wheat cultivars and breeding lines widely cultivated in Iran. Our phenotyping data revealed high levels of susceptibility to Ug99 in Iranian bread wheat germplasm. Our genotyping data revealed that Iranian cultivars do not carry Sr24, Sr26, or Sr1RSAmigo. Only a few salt-tolerant cultivars and breeding lines tested positively for Sr2, Sr31, Sr38, or Sr39 markers. In conclusion, the genetic basis for resistance to Ug99 in Iranian wheat cultivars was found to be vulnerable. Acquiring knowledge about existing resistance genes and haplotypes in wheat cultivars and breeding lines will help breeders, cereal pathologists, and policy makers to select and pyramid effective stem rust resistance genes.

scholarly journals STEM-17. NOT ALL GBM STEM CELLS ARE EQUAL: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii199-ii200
Author(s):  
Luciano Galdieri ◽  
Arijita Jash ◽  
Olga Malkova ◽  
Diane Mao ◽  
Jian Campian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Mass Cytometry ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Activation Status

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) kills almost all patients within 2 years. A subpopulation of cells, GBM stem cells (GSCs), contributes to treatment resistance and recurrence. A major therapeutic goal is to kill GSCs, but no targeted therapy yet exists. Since their discovery, GSCs have been isolated using single surface markers, such as CD15, CD44, CD133, and a-6 integrin. It remains unknown how these single surface marker-defined GSC populations compare to each other in terms of signal transduction and function and whether expression of different combinations of these markers is associated with distinct phenotypes. Using mass cytometry and fresh operating room specimens, we found that 15 distinct GSC subpopulations exist in vivo and they differ in their MEK/ERK, WNT, and AKT pathway activation status. In culture, some subpopulations were lost and previously undetectable ones materialized. GSCs highly expressing all four surface markers had the greatest self-renewal capacity and in vivo tumorigenicity as well as the strongest WNT pathway activation. This work highlights the signaling and phenotypic diversity in GSC subpopulations, together suggesting that not all GSCs are equivalent. These observations should be considered when studying GSCs in the laboratory, with implications for the development of treatments that target GSCs and prevent tumor recurrence in patients.

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