Effect of temperature on decomposition and development of microfungal communities in leaf litter microcosms

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Carreiro ◽  
R. E. Koske
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Composition And Structure

The influence of temperature on litter decomposition rates and on the composition and structure of microfungal communities was determined by incubating milled, deciduous leaf litter in microcosms at 0, 10, and 20 °C. Changes in species composition were assessed after 10 and 90 weeks using the dilution-plating method. Dry weight loss from litter after 90 weeks was 13.5, 19.0, and 30.7% at 0, 10, and 20 °C, respectively. Temperature caused major differences in the species composition and structure of the microfungal communities isolated. As temperature decreased, Zygomycete species richness increased, whereas Deuteromycete species richness decreased. Although species richness was similar at all three temperatures, diversity was highest at 20 °C and lower at 0 and 10 °C where the communities were dominated by single species. At 0 and 10 °C, communities were dominated by the Deuteromycetes Geomyces pannorus and Geomyces asperulatus, respectively, and by several species in the Zygomycete genera Mortierella and Mucor. At 20 °C the community consisted almost entirely of Deuteromycetes, with the genera Trichoderma, Humicola, and Sporothrix being most abundant. This study demonstrates that a distinct, low-temperature community of microfungi exists and can be active in litter at 0 °C. Key words: fungal community structure, litter decomposition, temperate forest, low-temperature microfungi, psychrophilic.

scholarly journals Species composition and structure of Thysanoptera communities in different microhabitats at the Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. J. Pinent ◽  
H. P. Romanowski ◽  
L. R. Redaelli ◽  
A. Cavalleri
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

Although thrips are known as inhabitants of flowers, they are also abundant and diverse in other microhabitats. There is an information gap concerning them, especially related to the native fauna in southern Brazil. The structure and composition of the thysanopteran community in different microhabitats was studied at the "Parque Estadual de Itapuã" (30° 22' S 51° 02' W), RS, southern Brazil. Between June 1999 and May 2001, branches (n = 1,274), flowers (n = 774), grass tussocks (n = 596) and leaf litter (n = 603) were sampled systematically in 20 points of four trails (T1 - Pedreira beach, T2 - Araçá beach, T3 - Lagoinha, and T4 - Grota hill). We found 2,197 adult thrips determined in 73 species in 41 genera, of which 37 could be nominated. Four families are represented, Thripidae, Phlaeothripidae, Heterothripidae and Merothripidae, with the first the most abundant (N = 1,599) and with the highest species richness (S = 32). The highest thrips abundance occurred in flowers N = 1,224 and the highest number of exclusive species occurred in the leaf litter (27). Frankliniella rodeos Moulton, 1933, Frankliniella gemina Bagnall, 1919 and Smicrothrips particula Hood, 1952 comprise 49.4% of the total sampled. Regarding T2, we obtained the highest abundance (N = 935) and highest species richness (S = 43). The composition of the faunas in each kind of environment proved very particular.

Recovery of shrubland communities on abandoned farmland in southwestern Australia: soils, plants, birds and arthropods

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
M. Abensperg-Traun ◽  
R. J. Hobbs ◽  
D. E. Steven ◽  
L. Atkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Farming History ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Composition And Structure

Passive recovery of land formerly used for agricultural production may be an inexpensive and rapid method of ecosystem recovery, and may provide an alternative method to active revegetation. Passive recovery may also contribute to sustainable agriculture (soil salinity). For undisturbed and disturbed areas of the central wheatbelt of Western Australia, this paper reports the effects of farming history (clearing only, cultivation, duration of farming, and time since farming ceased) on the soil nutrient content, plant floristics (richness and composition) and structure, and the abundance, species richness and species composition of birds and arthropods. Only one site was cultivated for >6 years. We summarize as follows: (1) Previous clearing and cultivation has left no residual effects on the nitrogen or phosphorus content in the sandy soils. (2) There were no significant differences in terms of plant species richness but some differences in cover of woody plants, grass cover and plant species composition for farming history or time since farming ceased. (3) There were no significant differences in bird species richness but differences in species composition for time since farming ceased. (4) Arthropods showed few (and low) significant differences in their abundance, richness or species composition across different farming histories and time periods since farming ceased. Farming of these shrublands has left only minor changes in the composition and structure of the vegetation, and in the abundance, species richness and species composition of the passerine bird and arthropod assemblages. Abandoned parcels of land on the sandy soils which support shrubland may yield useful conservation benefits with relatively little input.

scholarly journals Factors controlling <i>Carex brevicuspis</i> leaf litter decomposition and its contribution to surface soil organic carbon pool at different water levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lianlian Zhu ◽  
Zhengmiao Deng ◽  
Yonghong Xie ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Litter Input

Abstract. Litter decomposition plays a vital role in wetland carbon cycling. However, the contribution of aboveground litter decomposition to the wetland soil organic carbon (SOC) pool has not yet been quantified. Here, we conducted a Carex brevicuspis leaf litter input experiment to clarify the intrinsic factors controlling litter decomposition and quantify its contribution to the SOC pool at different water levels. The Carex genus is ubiquitous in global freshwater wetlands. We sampled this plant leaf litter at −25, 0, and +25 cm relative to the soil surface over 280 d and analysed leaf litter decomposition and its contribution to the SOC pool. The percentage litter dry weight loss and the instantaneous litter dry weight decomposition rate were the highest at +25 cm water level (61.8 %, 0.01307 d−1), followed by the 0 cm water level (49.8 %, 0.00908 d−1), and the lowest at −25 cm water level (32.4 %, 0.00527 d−1). Significant amounts of litter carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were released at all three water levels. Litter input significantly increased the soil microbial biomass and fungal density but had nonsignificant impacts on soil bacteria, actinomycetes, and the fungal∕bacterial concentrations at all three water levels. Compared with litter removal, litter addition increased the SOC by 16.93 %, 9.44 %, and 2.51 % at the +25, 0, and −25 cm water levels, respectively. Hence, higher water levels facilitate the release of organic carbon from leaf litter into the soil via water leaching. In this way, they increase the soil carbon pool. At lower water levels, soil carbon is lost due to the slower litter decomposition rate and active microbial (actinomycete) respiration. Our results revealed that the water level in natural wetlands influenced litter decomposition mainly by leaching and microbial activity, by extension, and affected the wetland surface carbon pool.

scholarly journals Species richness of thrips and whiteflies and their predators in mustard fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
S Das ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Kamal ◽  
A Shishir
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Pest Population

With a view to assessing the effect of temperature (ºC) and locations on species richness of thrips and whiteflies and their natural enemies (NEs), predatory Geocoris bug and Asian lady bug beetle (LBB) in mustard field of BARI Sarisha 16, the experiment was carried out at the farmers’ fields in two specific locations of Southern Bangladesh, Rupsha, Khulna and Abhaynagar, Jessore during November, 2015 to March, 2016. The studies were laid out with randomized complete block deign (RCBD) maintaining four replicates. The results depicted that there was a significant variation in mean population abundance of thrips, whitefly and their predators across the observation dates, which principally resulted from the variation of temperature along the various observation dates in each location and between locations along with phenological characters of host plants. Initially, population of thrips and whitefly, and their predators were very low in both locations at first observation date of 20 November, 2015 which gradually colonized and reached the peak in 19 March, 2016 with temperature of 27.8°C and 71% RH in Khulna and 26.1ºC and 61% RH in Jessore. Notably, temperature ranging from 22–27°C during mid-February to March, 2016 considerably favors the species richness of both insect pests, thrips and whiteflies, and their predators, Geocoris bug and Asian lady bug beetle in both places. By contrast relative low temperature of 16–20°C from December 20, 2015 to January 29, 2016 affected the species richness of predators and pest as well. The yield of mustard, BARI Sarisha 16 was significantly higher in Jessore (1365.75 kgha–1) due to lower pest population and higher predator population relative to Khulna region (1277.25 kgha–1). Ecological factors especially temperature appeared as major striking factor of species richness and played crucial role in getting up and down of mustard insect pests and NEs population across various date of observations and between places.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 7-14, January 2017

Effect of temperature on biodegradability of surfactants in aquatic microcosm system

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takamatsu ◽  
O. Nishimura ◽  
Y. Inamori ◽  
R. Sudo ◽  
M. Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependency ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Phase Temperature ◽  
Aquatic Microcosm

Microcosm systems consisting of producer, decomposer and predator were employed to assess the effect of surfactants (LAS and soap) on an aquatic ecosystem at various temperatures. At all test temperatures (10, 20, 25 and 30°C), stable ecosystems were formed with regard to the biomass and species composition in flasks. In the stationary phase, temperature dependency of ATP was observed and the biodegradation rate of the surfactants in microcosm system at low temperature were slower than that at high temperature. Cyclidium glaucoma, Philodina sp. and Aeolosoma hemprichi as predator were more influenced by surfactants at low temperature. No observed effect concentration (NOEC) of LAS was less than 0.5mg·1−1 at 10°C, less than 1.5mg·1−1 at 20, 25°C and less than 2.5mg·1−1 at 30°C. NOEC of soap was less than 10mg·1−1 at 10°C, less than 30mg·1−1 at 20, 25°C. It was found that biodegradability of surfactants differed with temperature, which changed the effects of surfactants on microorganisms.

Characteristics of fungal community structure during the decomposition of mixed foliage litter from Pinus massoniana and broadleaved tree species in southwestern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-588
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xun Li ◽  
Danju Zhang ◽  
Yu Qin ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Mixed Litter

Abstract Aims The conifer litter is fairly recalcitrant and nutrient poor, and broadleaved litter promotes coniferous litter decomposition by increasing degradable nutrients and promoting microbial metabolism. Mixing Pinus massoniana litter and three broadleaved litters may increase the diversity and abundance of fungal decomposers compared with those in P. massoniana litter and vary depending on the number and proportion of broadleaved species included. Methods We analysed the composition and diversity of fungal communities during mixed litter decomposition in southwestern China with 35 treatments (P. massoniana, Toona sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora and Sassafras tzumu litter) using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Important Findings The mixed litters increased fungal diversity and richness compared with those in the single-species litter, except in the following treatments: P. massoniana litter accounting for 70%–80% in the P. massoniana + T. sinensis, P. massoniana + S. tzumu + T. sinensis and P. massoniana + S. tzumu + C. camphora combinations, and P. massoniana + S. tzumu + C. camphora + T. sinensis combination with small proportion of T. sinensis litter. The diversity and richness of the 7:1:2 combination of P. massoniana + C. camphora + T. sinensis were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, and Aspergillus was the most abundant genus. The decomposition of litters from one needleleaf and one broadleaved species (6:4) and one needleleaf species and two broadleaved species (broadleaved litter accounting for 30%–40%) exhibited synergistic interactions throughout the decomposition process, and the relative abundance of fungi that decompose refractory substances increased. The P. massoniana + C. camphora + T. sinensis combination and a 30%–40% broadleaf litter proportion increased fungal diversity and accelerated the decomposition of recalcitrant coniferous litter. Therefore, C. camphora and T. sinensis are a potential candidate species for mixed planting with P. massoniana.

scholarly journals Tree species composition and structure of dry forest in Mutis Timau Protected Forest Management Unit of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-503
Author(s):  
AAH AHMAD ALMULQU ◽  
NOULKAMOL ARPORNPONG ◽  
JARUNTORN BOONYANUPHAP
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

Almulqu AA, Arpornpong N, Boonyanuphap J. 2018. Tree species composition and structure of dry forest in Mutis Timau Protected Forest Management Unit of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 496-503. Plots 10,000 m2 were established in four sites of Mutis Timau Protected Forest Management Unit (Mutis Timau PFMU), in order to determine tree species density, basal area, importance value index, species richness and to identify the relationship betwen species richness and abundance of trees. A total of 94 species belonging to 72 genera and 45 families were recorded. Species richness and forest structure were different between sites. Moraceae was the dominant tree family at most sites, particulary for Eucalyptus urophylla. The results suggest controlling the number of species, level on species distribution pattern, silvicultural interventions to pioneer species through thinning liberation, seeding and planting (pioneer species) could accelerate the tree regeneration of Mutis Timau PFMU in Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia.

Effects of smelter pollutants on forest leaf litter decomposition near a nickel–copper smelter at Sudbury, Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (15) ◽  
pp. 1722-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Freedman ◽  
T. C. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Forest Leaf Litter ◽  
And Control

Forest soils and litter in the vicinity of a large nickel–copper smelter at Sudbury, Ont. are known to be contaminated with a variety of heavy metals. In view of this, studies were carried out to determine if forest litter decomposition processes have been affected. The effects of nickel and copper on the decomposition of forest litter were investigated using a variety of techniques in which contaminated and control sites were compared. At contaminated sites an increase in litter standing crop was found. This was related to lower rates of litter decomposition at these sites, as evidenced by reduced rates of breakdown of litter in mesh bags, compared with uncontaminated sites. Lower rates of CO2 flux and acid phosphatase activity were also found at the contaminated sites. In a laboratory experiment, the addition of copper and (or) nickel to a homogenate of leaf litter was shown to depress the rate of dry weight loss and CO2 flux. Negative effects commenced at metal concentrations comparable to those observed in litter at contaminated sites in the field.

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