Characteristics of fungal community structure during the decomposition of mixed foliage litter from Pinus massoniana and broadleaved tree species in southwestern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-588
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xun Li ◽  
Danju Zhang ◽  
Yu Qin ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Mixed Litter

Abstract Aims The conifer litter is fairly recalcitrant and nutrient poor, and broadleaved litter promotes coniferous litter decomposition by increasing degradable nutrients and promoting microbial metabolism. Mixing Pinus massoniana litter and three broadleaved litters may increase the diversity and abundance of fungal decomposers compared with those in P. massoniana litter and vary depending on the number and proportion of broadleaved species included. Methods We analysed the composition and diversity of fungal communities during mixed litter decomposition in southwestern China with 35 treatments (P. massoniana, Toona sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora and Sassafras tzumu litter) using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Important Findings The mixed litters increased fungal diversity and richness compared with those in the single-species litter, except in the following treatments: P. massoniana litter accounting for 70%–80% in the P. massoniana + T. sinensis, P. massoniana + S. tzumu + T. sinensis and P. massoniana + S. tzumu + C. camphora combinations, and P. massoniana + S. tzumu + C. camphora + T. sinensis combination with small proportion of T. sinensis litter. The diversity and richness of the 7:1:2 combination of P. massoniana + C. camphora + T. sinensis were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, and Aspergillus was the most abundant genus. The decomposition of litters from one needleleaf and one broadleaved species (6:4) and one needleleaf species and two broadleaved species (broadleaved litter accounting for 30%–40%) exhibited synergistic interactions throughout the decomposition process, and the relative abundance of fungi that decompose refractory substances increased. The P. massoniana + C. camphora + T. sinensis combination and a 30%–40% broadleaf litter proportion increased fungal diversity and accelerated the decomposition of recalcitrant coniferous litter. Therefore, C. camphora and T. sinensis are a potential candidate species for mixed planting with P. massoniana.

Effect of temperature on decomposition and development of microfungal communities in leaf litter microcosms

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Carreiro ◽  
R. E. Koske
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Composition And Structure

The influence of temperature on litter decomposition rates and on the composition and structure of microfungal communities was determined by incubating milled, deciduous leaf litter in microcosms at 0, 10, and 20 °C. Changes in species composition were assessed after 10 and 90 weeks using the dilution-plating method. Dry weight loss from litter after 90 weeks was 13.5, 19.0, and 30.7% at 0, 10, and 20 °C, respectively. Temperature caused major differences in the species composition and structure of the microfungal communities isolated. As temperature decreased, Zygomycete species richness increased, whereas Deuteromycete species richness decreased. Although species richness was similar at all three temperatures, diversity was highest at 20 °C and lower at 0 and 10 °C where the communities were dominated by single species. At 0 and 10 °C, communities were dominated by the Deuteromycetes Geomyces pannorus and Geomyces asperulatus, respectively, and by several species in the Zygomycete genera Mortierella and Mucor. At 20 °C the community consisted almost entirely of Deuteromycetes, with the genera Trichoderma, Humicola, and Sporothrix being most abundant. This study demonstrates that a distinct, low-temperature community of microfungi exists and can be active in litter at 0 °C. Key words: fungal community structure, litter decomposition, temperate forest, low-temperature microfungi, psychrophilic.

Effects of nitrogen deposition on litter decomposition and nutrient release mediated by litter types and seasonal change in a temperate forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyong Yan ◽  
Xiongde Dong ◽  
Binbin Huang ◽  
Honglin Wang ◽  
Ziming Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mixed Litter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Four Levels

We conducted a field experiment with four levels of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g N m−2 yr−1, respectively) to investigate the response of litter decomposition of Pinus koraiensis (PK), Tilia amurensis (TA), and their mixture to N deposition during winter and growing seasons. Results showed that N addition significantly increased the mass loss of PK litter and significantly decreased the mass loss of TA litter throughout the 2 yr decomposition processes, which indicated that the different responses in the decomposition of different litters to N addition can be species specific, potentially attributed to different litter chemistry. The faster decomposition of PK litter with N addition occurred mainly in the winter, whereas the slower decomposition of TA litter with N addition occurred during the growing season. Moreover, N addition had a positive effect on the release of phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese for PK litter and had a negative effect on the release of carbon, iron, and lignin for TA litter. Decomposition and nutrient release from mixed litter with N addition showed a non-additive effect. The mass loss from litter in the first winter and over the entire study correlated positively with the initial concentration of cellulose, lignin, and certain nutrients in the litter, demonstrating the potential influence of different tissue chemistries.

scholarly journals Fungal Diversity in the Phyllosphere of Pinus heldreichii H. Christ—An Endemic and High-Altitude Pine of the Mediterranean Region

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lazarević ◽  
Audrius Menkis
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

Pinus heldreichii is a high-altitude coniferous tree species naturaly occurring in small and disjuncted populations in the Balkans and southern Italy. The aim of this study was to assess diversity and composition of fungal communities in living needles of P. heldreichii specifically focusing on fungal pathogens. Sampling was carried out at six different sites in Montenegro, where 2-4 year-old living needles of P. heldreichii were collected. Following DNA isolation, it was amplified using ITS2 rDNA as a marker and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Sequencing resulted in 31,831 high quality reads, which after assembly were found to represent 375 fungal taxa. The detected fungi were 295 (78.7%) Ascomycota, 79 (21.0%) Basidiomycota and 1 (0.2%) Mortierellomycotina. The most common fungi were Lophodermium pinastri (12.5% of all high-quality sequences), L. conigenum (10.9%), Sydowia polyspora (8.8%), Cyclaneusma niveum (5.5%), Unidentified sp. 2814_1 (5.4%) and Phaeosphaeria punctiformis (4.4%). The community composition varied among different sites, but in this respect two sites at higher altitudes (harsh growing conditions) were separated from three sites at lower altitudes (milder growing conditions), suggesting that environmental conditions were among major determinants of fungal communities associated with needles of P. heldreichii. Trees on one study site were attacked by bark beetles, leading to discolouration and frequent dieback of needles, thereby strongly affecting the fungal community structure. Among all functional groups of fungi, pathogens appeared to be an important component of fungal communities in the phyllosphere of P. heldreichii, especially in those trees under strong abiotic and biotic stress.

scholarly journals In Silico Study Suggesting the Bias of Primers Choice in the Molecular Identification of Fungal Aerosols

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Hamza Mbareche ◽  
Marc Veillette ◽  
Guillaume J. Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Its1 And Its2

This paper presents an in silico analysis to assess the current state of the fungal UNITE database in terms of the two eukaryote nuclear ribosomal regions, Internal Transcribed Spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2), used in describing fungal diversity. Microbial diversity is often evaluated with amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing approaches, which is a target enrichment method that relies on the amplification of a specific target using particular primers before sequencing. Thus, the results are highly dependent on the quality of the primers used for amplification. The goal of this study is to validate if the mismatches of the primers on the binding sites of the targeted taxa could explain the differences observed when using either ITS1 or ITS2 in describing airborne fungal diversity. Hence, the choice of the pairs of primers for each barcode concur with a study comparing the performance of ITS1 and ITS2 in three occupational environments. The sequence length varied between the amplicons retrieved from the UNITE database using the pair of primers targeting ITS1 and ITS2. However, the database contains an equal number of unidentified taxa from ITS1 and ITS2 regions in the six taxonomic levels employed (phylum, class, order, family, genus, species). The chosen ITS primers showed differences in their ability to amplify fungal sequences from the UNITE database. Eleven taxa consisting of Trichocomaceae, Dothioraceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Mucorales, Saccharomycetes, Pucciniomycetes, Ophiocordyceps, Microsporidia, Archaeorhizomycetes, Mycenaceae, and Tulasnellaceae showed large variations between the two regions. Note that members of the latter taxa are not all typical fungi found in the air. As no universal method is currently available to cover all the fungal kingdom, continuous work in designing primers, and particularly combining multiple primers targeting the ITS region is the best way to compensate for the biases of each one to get a larger view of the fungal diversity.

scholarly journals Different Amplicon Targets for Sequencing-Based Studies of Fungal Diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca De Filippis ◽  
Manolo Laiola ◽  
Giuseppe Blaiotta ◽  
Danilo Ercolini
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Mock Community

ABSTRACT Target-gene amplicon sequencing is the most exploited high-throughput sequencing application in microbial ecology. The targets are taxonomically relevant genes, with 16S rRNA being the gold standard for bacteria. As for fungi, the most commonly used target is the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). However, the uneven ITS length among species may promote preferential amplification and sequencing and incorrect estimation of their abundance. Therefore, the use of different targets is desirable. We evaluated the use of three different target amplicons for the characterization of fungal diversity. After an in silico primer evaluation, we compared three amplicons (the ITS1-ITS2 region [ITS1-2], 18S ribosomal small subunit RNA, and the D1/D2 domain of the 26S ribosomal large subunit RNA), using biological samples and a mock community of common fungal species. All three targets allowed for accurate identification of the species present. Nevertheless, high heterogeneity in ITS1-2 length was found, and this caused an overestimation of the abundance of species with a shorter ITS, while both 18S and 26S amplicons allowed for more reliable quantification. We demonstrated that ITS1-2 amplicon sequencing, although widely used, may lead to an incorrect evaluation of fungal communities, and efforts should be made to promote the use of different targets in sequencing-based microbial ecology studies. IMPORTANCE Amplicon-sequencing approaches for fungi may rely on different targets affecting the diversity and abundance of the fungal species. An increasing number of studies will address fungal diversity by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. The description of the communities must be accurate and reliable in order to draw useful insights and to address both ecological and biological questions. By analyzing a mock community and several biological samples, we demonstrate that using different amplicon targets may change the results of fungal microbiota analysis, and we highlight how a careful choice of the target is fundamental for a thorough description of the fungal communities.

scholarly journals Effects of increased temperature and aquatic fungal diversity on litter decomposition

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Geraldes ◽  
Cláudia Pascoal ◽  
Fernanda Cássio
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Increased Temperature

scholarly journals Comparison of rhizosphere soil microbial diversity of different introduced alfalfa varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhui Ma ◽  
Jiangjiao Qi ◽  
Xue Yu ◽  
Lihe Su ◽  
Tingting He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Desert Soil ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Fungal Community Structure

Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume in farming and animal husbandry systems. In this study, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was applied to assess the relationship between bacterial and fungal community structures and alfalfa growth characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties induced by different cultivars alfalfa (Victoria, Kangsai, Aohan) in the grey desert soil. The results showed that the diversity of bacterial and fungal in Victoria was higher, and the bacterial diversity was significantly lower for alfalfa with Aohan than for the others, and the fungal diversity was lower for alfalfa with Kangsai than for the others. Heatmap showed that total nitrogen, fresh weight, pH and organic have significantly affect fungal community structure, whereas pH and organic carbon also significant effects on bacterial community structure. LefSe analysis showed that the growth adaptability of introduced alfalfa is mainly related to fungal and bacterial species, and the beneficial microorganisms with significant differences and relative high abundance are significantly enriched in Victoria. Pathogens with high relative abundance are mainly concentrated in Aohan alfalfa soil. Based on our findings, Victoria is the high-yield alfalfa suitable for planting in gray desert soil, while planting Kangsai and Aohan alfalfa needs probiotic for adjuvant.

scholarly journals Microbial diversity in raw milk and Sayram Ketteki from southern of Xinjiang, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongla Gao ◽  
Weihua Wang ◽  
Zhanjiang Han ◽  
Qian Xi ◽  
Ruicheng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Resources

Raw milk and fermented milk are rich in microbial resources, which are essential for the formation of texture, flavor and taste. In order to gain a deeper knowledge of the bacterial and fungal community diversity in local raw milk and home-made yogurts from Sayram town, Baicheng county, Akesu area, southern of Xinjiang, China,30 raw milk and 30 home-made yogurt samples were collected and experiment of high-throughput sequencing was implemented.The results of experiments revealed the species of fungi in raw milk was the most, and the species of bacteria in fermented milk was the least.Based on principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that the bacterial and fungal community structure differed in samples from two types of dairy products.And the presence of 15 bacterial and 12 fungal phyla, comprising 218 bacterial and 495 fungal genera respectively, among all samples. Firmicutes and Ascomycota,Lactobacillus and Candida were the predominant phyla and genera of bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results indicated that the microbial community of raw milk differs from home-made yogurts due to sampling location and manufacturing process. The study suggested that high-throughput sequencing could provide a better understanding of microbiological diversity as well as lay a theoretical foundation for selecting beneficial microbial resources from this natural yogurt.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document