The phylogenetic relationships of the anaerobic chytridiomycetous gut fungi (Neocallimasticaceae) and the Chytridiomycota. I. Cladistic analysis of rRNA sequences

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1738-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Li ◽  
I. Brent Heath
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Algorithm ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
Partial 18S

To clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the Chytridiomycota and the anaerobic fungi from the rumen and caecum of herbivorous animals, we analyzed the partial 18S rRNA sequences from 28 species ranging from protists to mammals and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and its adjacent sequences from four gut fungi and one chytrid by using three algorithms from the Phylogeny Inference Package (PHYLIP). To get the confidence limits for each branch, we applied bootstrapping for each algorithm. Our analysis on partial 18S rRNA sequences shows that the Chytridiomycota are clustered with other fungi with 98, 76, and 30% confidences in the Fitch–Margoliash, neighbour-joining, and maximum parsimony algorithms. None of these three algorithms place any of 17 protists from 12 phyla with the fungi, including the chytrids. The same analysis also shows that the Spizellomycetales and Chytridiales cluster with the gut fungi but does not identify which order is closest to them. These results suggest that the Chytridiomycota, including the gut fungi, are indeed fungi but the gut fungi might not belong to the Spizellomycetales. The phylogenetic trees generated by the above three algorithms, plus the maximum likelihood algorithm, based on ITS1 and its adjacent regions show that Anaeromyces is more distant from Orpinomyces, Neocallimastix, and Piromyces. However, they failed to determine the relationships among the last three genera. Key words: Chytridiomycota, gut fungi, rumen fungi, phylogeny, rRNA sequences.

Phylogenetic relationships of the monogenomic species of the wheat tribe, Triticeae (Poaceae), inferred from nuclear rDNA (internal transcribed spacer) sequences

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hsiao ◽  
N. J. Chatterton ◽  
K. H. Asay ◽  
K. B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cytogenetic Evidence

Phylogenetic relationships of 30 diploid species of Triticeae (Poaceae) representing 19 genomes were estimated from the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The ITS sequence phylogeny indicated that: (i) each genome group of species is monophyletic, concordant with cytogenetic evidence; (ii) Hordeum (I) and Critesion (H) are basal; (iii) Australopyrum (W) is closely related to Agropyron (P); (iv) Peridictyon (G), Heteranthelium (Q), and Dasypyrum (V) are closely related to Pseudoroegneria (S); (v) most of the annuals, Triticum s.l. (A, B, D), Crithopsis (K), Taeniatherum (T), Eremopyrum (F), Henrardia (O), Secale (R), and two perennials, Thinopyrum (J) and Lophopyrum (E), all of Mediterranean origin, are a monophyletic group. However, phylogenetic trees based on morphology group these Mediteranean species with various perennial lineages of the Arctic-temperate region. The molecular data and biogeography of the tribe suggest that the Mediterranean lineage is derived from the Arctic-temperate lineage and that the two lineages have evolved in parallel. Extensive morphological parallelism apparently obscures the true genealogical history of the tribe when only morphology is considered.Key words: Poaceae, Triticeae, rDNA sequence, molecular phylogeny, parallel evolution.

Phylogenetic relationships within the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on nuclear 18S rRNA sequences

2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Berntson ◽  
F. M. Bayer ◽  
A. G. McArthur ◽  
S. C. France
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Phylogenetic relationships of Cacopaurus pestis Thorne, 1943 within representatives of the Tylenchulidae Skarbilovich, 1947 as inferred from ITS and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S-rRNA sequences

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 971-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abas Mokaram Hesar ◽  
Akbar Karegar ◽  
Reza Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Stylet Length ◽  
Ectoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
North Western ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Summary The Persian sessile nematode (Cacopaurus pestis) and pin nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.) are sedentary ectoparasitic nematodes associated with many plant species worldwide. In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of seven populations of C. pestis and eight species of Paratylenchus recovered from north-western Iran. A total of 26 new sequences of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and ITS rRNA were obtained and used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. Results of phylogenetic analyses revealed that the subfamilies of Tylenchulidae form well-separated clades, but that the genera Cacopaurus and Paratylenchus (= Gracilacus) in the subfamily Paratylenchinae are clustered in one clade. It appears that the previously used character of “stylet length greater than 40 μm” is not homologous and evolved more than once within the Paratylenchinae.

scholarly journals Screening for Hepatozoon parasites in gerbils and potential predators in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. James Harris ◽  
Ana Pereira ◽  
Ali Halajian ◽  
Wilmien J. Luus-Powell ◽  
Katlego D. Kunutu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Hepatozoon Felis ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
Partial 18S

Samples of gerbils and their potential predators were screened for the presence of Hepatozoon parasites (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) using both microscopic examination and sequencing of partial 18S rRNA sequences. Positive samples were compared to published sequences in a phylogenetic framework. The results indicate that genets can be infected with Hepatozoon felis. A Cape fox was infected with Hepatozoon canis, whereas the sequence from an infected rodent fell within a group of parasites primarily recovered from other rodents and snakes.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological characterisation of Sphaeronema alni Turkina & Chizhov, 1986 (Nematoda: Sphaeronematidae) from Spain compared with a topotype population from Russia

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Palomares-Rius ◽  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Rflp Profile ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Partial 18S

Abstract The occurrence of a male-less population of Sphaeronema alni parasitising chestnut (Castanea sativa) roots and inducing a stelar syncytium is reported for the first time in Pola de Somiedo (Oviedo province), Spain. Morphometric and molecular characters of the Spanish population matched those of a topotype population from Russia. SEM observations showed swollen females having the first lip annulus wider than the second and appearing as a cap-like, circumoral elevation. The second-stage juveniles, having a single band in the lateral fields, were characterised by a non-annulated dome-shaped lip region derived from the fusion of the oral disc with all the lip sectors and lip annuli, and showing slit-like amphidial apertures and an oval prestoma. The sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, partial 18S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene for the Spanish and topotype populations of S. alni were congruent and matched those deposited in GenBank for another population from Germany, thereby confirming their conspecificity. A PCR-RFLP profile of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA for identification of this species was also provided. The phylogenetic relationships between S. alni populations and representatives of the suborder Criconematina, as inferred from analysis of partial 18S rRNA and D2-D3 of 28S gene sequences obtained in this and previous studies, indicated that S. alni formed a basal clade on the majority consensus Bayesian phylogenetic trees, standing together with Meloidoderita sp. or alone. These findings provide additional evidence of the need to clarify the position of Sphaeronema within Criconematina and its relationships with representatives of Tylenchulinae.

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