Influence of a negatively charged surface (Teflon disk) on Entomophaga aulicae protoplast morphogenesis under mass fermentation conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2578-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Charged Surface ◽  
Late Fusion ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Early Fusion ◽  
Hyphal Body ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Positively Charged

The effects of a negatively charged surface (Teflon disk) on protoplast morphogenesis for the fungus Entomophaga aulicae under mass fermentation conditions were determined. The control consisted of a vessel lacking such a disk. In the presence of the disk the initial three and sequentially produced protoplast stages (spindle shaped, early fusion sphere, and late fusion sphere protoplasts) recycled with the early fusion sphere predominating. The production of the subsequent and walled stage (i.e., hyphal body) was suppressed. The results are in contrast with those obtained in a previous study using a neutral (Mylar) and a positively charged (polypropylene) disk in which hyphal body production was enhanced. This technique provides a new and subtle approach for altering protoplast developmental patterns which avoids the use of mutagens or added chemical metabolic inhibitors. Key words: Entomophaga aulicae, fungal protoplast morphogenesis, negatively charged surface, mass fermentation.

Enhanced hyphal body production by Entomophaga aulicae protoplasts in the presence of a neutral and a positively charged surface under mass fermentation conditions

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2708-2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Charged Surfaces ◽  
Fermentation Vessel ◽  
Hyphal Body ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Positively Charged

The effects of two disks, one with a net neutral charge (Mylar) and one with a positive charge (polypropylene), on hyphal body production from protoplasts of the fungus Entomophaga aulicae under mass fermentation conditions were determined. The results were compared with those obtained with a vessel lacking a disk (control). The presence of either disk greatly enhanced hyphal body production, especially by day 4 of incubation. A maximum level of 94.1% hyphal body production was achieved using the disks as compared to a maximum level of 42% under control conditions. With the exception of aspartic acid, which was produced under control conditions and not utilized when the disks were present, the amino acids were removed from the medium earlier and (or) more completely in the presence of the disks. Glucose utilization and oxygen consumption were greater in the presence of the disks. The utilization of fermentation vessel configurations employing neutral or positively charged disks (surfaces) offers a method for greatly enhancing hyphal body production for biocontrol of the larval stages of forest defoliators. Key words: Entomophaga aulicae, hyphal body production, biological control, mass fermentation, neutral and positively charged surfaces.

Physiological studies with the fungus Entomophaga aulicae during morphogenesis in three different media under fermentation conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-708
Author(s):  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Fetal Calf Serum ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Hyphal Bodies ◽  
Hyphal Body ◽  
Body Production

The effects of three different media on amino acid uptake and production and glucose and oxygen utilization during protoplast growth and hyphal body production by the fungus Entomophaga aulicae under fermentation conditions were studied. The three media consisted of a basal medium plus either (i) 2.8% fetal calf serum, (ii) 0.8% tryptic soy broth plus 0.4% bovine serum albumin, or (iii) 0.8% tryptic soy broth plus 0.4% calcium caseinate. The protoplasts grew most rapidly (initial peaks on days 2 and 3) and hyphal bodies were detected first (day 3) in the media containing albumin and caseinate. The day 9 hyphal body yields were 3.1 × 107, 7.5 × 108, and 3.1 × 109/10 L in media containing the serum, albumin, and caseinate, respectively. Growth in the albumin and caseinate media also gave the first detectable glucose utilization (days 2 and 3, respectively) and this rapidly increased to 94.9 and 90.6% utilization, respectively, on day 4. Oxygen and glucose utilization were closely related. During protoplast growth prior to hyphal body production, the only common pattern detected was the initial utilization of glutamine in serum- and caseinate-containing media. During the initial period of hyphal body production, cysteic acid, threonine, serine, asparagine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and arginine were first utilized and glycine, alanine, and ammonia were first produced in the albumin and caseinate media. At this time (days 3–5), glutamine, proline, cystine, and tryptophan were first utilized and valine and histidine were produced in the albumin medium, and methionine was first utilized and cystathionine produced in the caseinate medium. Four main patterns of overall amino acid utilization and production were identified. The delay in major protoplast growth in the basal medium plus fetal calf serum is felt to result from inhibition by free fatty acids in the serum. Protein utilization was not detected and its main function is considered to be enhancement of protoplast stability against fermentation shear forces.Key words: Entomophaga aulicae, physiology, fermentation growth, protoplasts, hyphal bodies.

Effects of an altered developmental pattern on amino acid uptake for a protoplast isolate of the fungus Entomophaga aulicae under mass-fermentation conditions

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Developmental Pattern ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Late Fusion ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Uptake Pattern ◽  
Hyphal Body ◽  
First Time

The effects of an altered developmental pattern on amino acid uptake for a protoplast isolate of the fungus Entomophaga aulicae were studied under mass-fermentation conditions. Isolate 655A had previously developed through the hyphal body stage, but subsequently lost this ability (then designated I655B) and then developed only as far as the germination of the late fusion sphere stage. This alteration in developmental pattern was accompanied by a shift in the overall amino acid uptake pattern. For comparative purposes, another isolate (I521) which developed only as far as the germination of the late fusion sphere stage was included. The general amino acid uptake patterns fell into three categories and emphasize the similarity of I521 and I655B: (i) earlier and more complete final utilization by isolates 521 and 655B for glutamine, leucine, aspartic acid, threonine, and methionine, (ii) earlier utilization by isolate 655A with more complete final utilization by isolates 521 and 655B for asparagine and proline, and (iii) earlier utilization by isolates 521 and 655A with more complete final utilization by isolates 521 and 655B for serine and tyrosine. The first detectable utilization of serine coincided with late fusion sphere germination for isolates 521 and 655B. During the rapid increase in hyphal body levels for I655A, all added amino acids (except proline, asparagine, and serine which were first utilized earlier) were utilized for the first time. Except for the timing of the initial day of detectable utilization, the pattern of glucose utilization was similar for all three isolates.

Multimedia object classification and retrieval

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σπυρίδωνας Σταθόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Function ◽  
Object Classification ◽  
Bag Of Visual Words ◽  
Late Fusion ◽  
Visual Words ◽  
Early Fusion ◽  
Multimedia Object

Η παρούσα διατριβή ερευνά το πρόβλημα της ανάκτησης και κατηγοριοποίησης πολυμεσικού περιεχομένου. Στο πρώτο μέρος γίνεται μία διερεύνηση της εφαρμογής Λανθάνουσας Σημασιολογικής Ανάλυσης για ανάκτηση εικόνας σε συλλογές μεγάλης κλίμακας (LSA). Παρουσιάζεται μία αποτελεσματική προσέγγιση για την εφαρμογή LSA η οποία παρακάμπτει την Ανάλυση Ιδιαζουσών Τιμών (SVD) στον πίνακα χαρακτηριστικών, ξεπερνώντας με αυτόν τον τρόπο το πρόβλημα της εφαρμογής της μεθόδου σε σύνολα δεδομένων μεγάλης κλίμακας. Στη μελέτη αυτή διερευνάται ο συνδυασμός διαφορετικών αναπαραστάσεων εικόνας είτε σε πρώιμο στάδιο (Early fusion) είτε σε μεταγενέστερο (Late fusion) με στόχο την αποτελεσματικότερη ανάκτηση εικόνας. Επιπλέον, προτείνεται μία συνάρτηση πυρήνα (Kernel function) βασισμένη στην LSA η οποία συσχετίζει χαρακτηριστικά από διαφορετικές πηγές σε ένα κοινό λανθάνοντα χώρο. Η προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση συνδυάζει την ταξινόμηση με την ανάκτηση, αναπαριστώντας τις εικόνες με ένα σύνθετο διάνυσμα ενσωματώνοντας την πληροφορία που προκύπτει από την κατηγοριοποίηση. Τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι υπερέχει της λανθάνουσας ευρετηρίασης που προκύπτει από την εφαρμογή SVD.Για την αναπαράσταση εικόνων, προτείνεται μια γενίκευση του μοντέλου Bag-of-Colors (BoC). Ο νέος αλγόριθμος, που αναφέρεται ως QBoC, βασίζεται στην αποσύνθεση των εικόνων σε ένα δέντρο από τεταρτημόρια κωδικοποιώντας με αυτόν τον τρόπο χωρικές πληροφορίες στην τελική απεικόνιση της εικόνας. Σε συνδυασμό με το μοντέλο Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) χρησιμοποιείται για την αποτελεσματική κατηγοριοποίηση ιατρικών εικόνων.Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται μια νέα προσέγγιση για το συνδυασμό του LSA με Νευρωνικά Δίκτυα Συνέλιξης (CNNs) για την ταξινόμηση εικόνων βάση περιεχομένου. Για το σκοπό αυτό, κατασκευάζεται ένας βελτιστοποιημένος λανθάνων σημασιολογικός χώρος που καταγράφει τη συσχέτιση των εικόνων σε κάθε κατηγορία χρησιμοποιώντας ένα προ-εκπαιδευμένο νευρωνικό δίκτυο.Τα χαρακτηριστικά των εικόνων προβάλλονται μέσο ενός σταθμισμένου Latent Semantic Tensor σε ένα χαμηλότερο χώρο και χρησιμοποιούνται για να εκπαιδεύσουν ένα CNN που πραγματοποιεί την τελική ταξινόμηση. Τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα καταδεικνύουν την αποτελεσματικότητα αυτής της προσέγγισης σε ότι αφορά την ακρίβεια της ταξινόμησης, επιτυγχάνοντας συγκρίσιμα αποτελέσματα με αντίστοιχες σύγχρονες προσεγγίσεις.

scholarly journals Myenteric Denervation of the Gut with Benzalkonium Chloride: A Review of Forty Years of an Experimental Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Britto Garcia ◽  
Stefânia Bovo Minto ◽  
Isabela de Souza Marques ◽  
Vinicius Kannen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Charged Surface ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Rat Gut ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Positively Charged

Experimental denervation of organs plays a key role in understanding the functional aspects of the normal innervation as well as the diseases related to them. In 1978 the experimental model of myenteric denervation of the rat gut by serosal application of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was proposed. BAC is a positively charged surface-active alkylamine and is a powerful cationic detergent, which destroys bacteria after ionic attraction and for this reason is largely used as a surgical antiseptic. Since its initial report, the BAC-induced myenteric denervation model has been used to study many functional and pathological aspects of the enteric nervous system. So far this is the only pure method of myenteric denervation available for research in this area. Promising reports in the literature have shed light on the possibilities for the development of new uses of the BAC-denervation experimental model as a therapeutic tool in some pathological situations. This review aims to shed light on the main historical and recent findings provided by this experimental model.

scholarly journals Characterization of distinct molecular interactions responsible for IRF3 and IRF7 phosphorylation and subsequent dimerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (20) ◽  
pp. 11421-11433
Author(s):  
Louise Dalskov ◽  
Ryo Narita ◽  
Line L Andersen ◽  
Nanna Jensen ◽  
Sonia Assil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Charged Surface ◽  
Regulatory Domain ◽  
Phosphorylation Event ◽  
Positively Charged

Abstract IRF3 and IRF7 are critical transcription factors in the innate immune response. Their activation is controlled by phosphorylation events, leading to the formation of homodimers that are transcriptionally active. Phosphorylation occurs when IRF3 is recruited to adaptor proteins via a positively charged surface within the regulatory domain of IRF3. This positively charged surface also plays a crucial role in forming the active homodimer by interacting with the phosphorylated sites stabilizing the homodimer. Here, we describe a distinct molecular interaction that is responsible for adaptor docking and hence phosphorylation as well as a separate interaction responsible for the formation of active homodimer. We then demonstrate that IRF7 can be activated by both MAVS and STING in a manner highly similar to that of IRF3 but with one key difference. Regulation of IRF7 appears more tightly controlled; while a single phosphorylation event is sufficient to activate IRF3, at least two phosphorylation events are required for IRF7 activation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ionic Charge on the Adsorption of Organic Dyes onto Titanate Nanotubes

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Bavykin ◽  
Katherine E. Redmond ◽  
Benjamin P. Nias ◽  
Alexander N. Kulak ◽  
Frank C. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Titanate Nanotubes ◽  
Charged Surface ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Ionic Charge ◽  
Eriochrome Black T ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Positively Charged

The adsorption of dye molecules from aqueous solution onto the surface of titanate nanotubes (which have been synthesized via an alkaline hydrothermal treatment) has been studied. The ionic charge on the dye molecules was found to affect their ability to adsorb onto the titanate nanotube surface. In the case of (cationic) methylene blue, the adsorption was preferable on the negatively charged surface of titanate nanotubes rather than on positively charged P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. In the case of (anionic) Eriochrome Black T dye, the opposite trend was found. Herein, the dynamics of dye adsorption and the effect of pH on the adsorption capacity are considered.

Stage-specific changes in cytoplasmic protein synthesis in Entomophaga aulicae protoplasts

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Late Fusion ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Early Fusion ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Fungal Protoplasts ◽  
General Protein ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Synthesis Stage

The patterns of protein synthesis associated with three sequential stages in protoplast morphogenesis (spindle-shaped, early fusion sphere, and late fusion sphere protoplasts) of the fungus Entomophaga aulicae were studied using both one-dimensional gels with general protein staining and two-dimensional gels with [35S]methionine protein labelling and fluorography. A total of 332 proteins were observed with 63.5% (211) common to all three developmental stages. Of the individual totals, 3.3% (8 out of 245), 7.3% (22 out of 301), and 4.5% (13 out of 286) of the proteins were unique to the spindle-shaped, early fusion sphere, and late fusion sphere protoplasts, respectively. The molecular mass and pI distribution profiles for early fusion sphere protoplast proteins are discussed.Key words: protein synthesis, stage-specific proteins, fungal protoplasts, Entomophaga aulicae.

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