Stage-specific changes in cytoplasmic protein synthesis in Entomophaga aulicae protoplasts

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Late Fusion ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Early Fusion ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Fungal Protoplasts ◽  
General Protein ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Synthesis Stage

The patterns of protein synthesis associated with three sequential stages in protoplast morphogenesis (spindle-shaped, early fusion sphere, and late fusion sphere protoplasts) of the fungus Entomophaga aulicae were studied using both one-dimensional gels with general protein staining and two-dimensional gels with [35S]methionine protein labelling and fluorography. A total of 332 proteins were observed with 63.5% (211) common to all three developmental stages. Of the individual totals, 3.3% (8 out of 245), 7.3% (22 out of 301), and 4.5% (13 out of 286) of the proteins were unique to the spindle-shaped, early fusion sphere, and late fusion sphere protoplasts, respectively. The molecular mass and pI distribution profiles for early fusion sphere protoplast proteins are discussed.Key words: protein synthesis, stage-specific proteins, fungal protoplasts, Entomophaga aulicae.

scholarly journals A technical framework for automatic perceptual evaluation of singing quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitralekha Gupta ◽  
Haizhou Li ◽  
Ye Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Fusion Method ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Late Fusion ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Early Fusion ◽  
Modeling Concept ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Technical Framework

Human experts evaluate singing quality based on many perceptual parameters such as intonation, rhythm, and vibrato, with reference to music theory. We proposed previously the Perceptual Evaluation of Singing Quality (PESnQ) framework that incorporated acoustic features related to these perceptual parameters in combination with the cognitive modeling concept of the telecommunication standard Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality to evaluate singing quality. In this study, we present further the study of the PESnQ framework to approximate the human judgments. First, we find that a linear combination of the individual perceptual parameter human scores can predict their overall singing quality judgment. This provides us with a human parametric judgment equation. Next, the prediction of the individual perceptual parameter scores from the PESnQ acoustic features show a high correlation with the respective human scores, which means more meaningful feedback to learners. Finally, we compare the performance of early fusion and late fusion of the acoustic features in predicting the overall human scores. We find that the late fusion method is superior to that of the early fusion method. This work underlines the importance of modeling human perception in automatic singing quality assessment.

Differing effects of rapamycin and mTOR kinase inhibitors on protein synthesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Huo ◽  
Valentina Iadevaia ◽  
Christopher G. Proud
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Stable Isotope Labelling ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
Mtor Kinase ◽  
General Protein Synthesis ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Terminal Oligopyrimidine ◽  
General Protein

mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) forms two distinct types of complex, mTORC (mTOR complex) 1 and 2. Rapamycin inhibits some of the functions of mTORC1, whereas newly developed mTOR kinase inhibitors interfere with the actions of both types of complex. We have explored the effects of rapamycin and mTOR kinase inhibitors on general protein synthesis and, using a new stable isotope-labelling method, the synthesis of specific proteins. In HeLa cells, rapamycin only had a modest effect on total protein synthesis, whereas mTOR kinase inhibitors decreased protein synthesis by approx. 30%. This does not seem to be due to the ability of mTOR kinase inhibitors to block the binding of eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors) eIF4G and eIF4E. Analysis of the effects of the inhibitors on the synthesis of specific proteins showed a spectrum of behaviours. As expected, synthesis of proteins encoded by mRNAs that contain a 5′-TOP (5′-terminal oligopyrimidine tract) was impaired by rapamycin, but more strongly by mTOR kinase inhibition. Several proteins not known to be encoded by 5′-TOP mRNAs also showed similar behaviour. Synthesis of proteins encoded by ‘non-TOP’ mRNAs was less inhibited by mTOR kinase inhibitors and especially by rapamycin. The implications of our findings are discussed.

Perceived Mutual Understanding (PMU)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Burtscher ◽  
Jeannette Oostlander
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Team cognition plays an important role in predicting team processes and outcomes. Thus far, research has focused on structured cognition while paying little attention to perceptual cognition. The lack of research on perceptual team cognition can be attributed to the absence of an appropriate measure. To address this gap, we introduce the construct of perceived mutual understanding (PMU) as a type of perceptual team cognition and describe the development of a respective measure – the PMU-scale. Based on three samples from different team settings ( NTotal = 566), our findings show that the scale has good psychometric properties – both at the individual as well as at the team-level. Item parameters were improved during a multistage process. Exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analyses indicate that PMU is a one-dimensional construct. The scale demonstrates sufficient internal reliability. Correlational analyses provide initial proof of construct validity. Finally, common indicators for inter-rater reliability and inter-rater agreement suggest that treating PMU as a team-level construct is justified. The PMU-scale represents a convenient and versatile measure that will potentially foster empirical research on perceptual team cognition and thereby contribute to the advancement of team cognition research in general.

Focusing on mRNA Granules and Stalled Polysomes Amidst Diverse Mechanisms Underlying mRNA Transport, mRNA Storage, and Local Translation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina N. Anadolu ◽  
Wayne S. Sossin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Rna Transport ◽  
P Bodies ◽  
Rna Granules ◽  
Mrna Granules ◽  
Transport Particle ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Individual

In neurons, mRNAs are transported to distal sites to allow for localized protein synthesis. There are many diverse mechanisms underlying this transport. For example, an individual mRNA can be transported in an RNA transport particle that is tailored to the individual mRNA and its associated binding proteins. In contrast, some mRNAs are transported in liquid-liquid phase separated structures called neuronal RNA granules that are made up of multiple stalled polysomes, allowing for rapid initiation-independent production of proteins required for synaptic plasticity. Moreover, neurons have additional types of liquid-liquid phase–separated structures containing mRNA, such as stress granules and P bodies. This chapter discusses the relationships between all of these structures, what proteins distinguish them, and the possible roles they play in the complex control of mRNA translation at distal sites that allow neurons to use protein synthesis to refine their local proteome in many different ways.

An Analysis of Coupled Multicomponent Diffusion in Interstitial Tissue

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Schreuders ◽  
K. R. Diller ◽  
J. J. Beaman ◽  
H. M. Paynter
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Diffusion ◽  
Frequency Parameter ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Species Concentration ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Graph Form

A one-dimensional multicomponent kinetic model was developed to simulate the interstitial diffusion of macromolecules in a three component system, consisting of water, the macromolecule and the interstitial matrix. Movement of the individual components was modeled as occurring in finite jumps between discrete low energy wells along paths defined in terms of species occupation. The flow rate was expressed as a function of the local species concentration, the jump distance, and a kinetic frequency parameter. The model, implemented in pseudo-bond graph form, was examined by fitting it to data obtained for the transport of fluorescein tagged dextran to determine the kinetic constants for that specific system.

scholarly journals Protein synthesis in the dendrite

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1420) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Jun Tang ◽  
Erin M. Schuman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Synaptic Protein ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Molecular Nature

In neurons, many proteins that are involved in the transduction of synaptic activity and the expression of neural plasticity are specifically localized at synapses. How these proteins are targeted is not clearly understood. One mechanism is synaptic protein synthesis. According to this idea, messenger RNA (mRNA) translation from the polyribosomes that are observed at the synaptic regions provides a local source of synaptic proteins. Although an increasing number of mRNA species has been detected in the dendrite, information about the synaptic synthesis of specific proteins in a physiological context is still limited. The physiological function of synaptic synthesis of specific proteins in synaptogenesis and neural plasticity expression remains to be shown. Experiments aimed at understanding the mechanisms and functions f synaptic protein synthesis might provide important information about the molecular nature of neural plasticity.

Performance Prediction for Automotive Turbocharger Compressors

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Whitfield ◽  
F. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Compressor Stage ◽  
Thermodynamic Models ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Design Point ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Performance Map ◽  
The Individual

A procedure to predict the complete performance map of turbocharger centrifugal compressors is presented. This is based on a one-dimensional flow analysis using existing published loss correlations that were available and thermodynamic models to describe the incidence loss and slip factor variation at flow rates which differ from the design point. To predict the losses within the complete compressor stage using a one-dimensional flow procedure, it is necessary to introduce a number of empirical parameters. The uncertainty associated with these empirical parameters is assessed by studying the effect of varying them upon the individual losses and upon the overall predicted performance.

scholarly journals Induction of carnitine acetyltransferase by clofibrate in rat liver

1981 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Mittal ◽  
C K R Kurup
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Carnitine Acetyltransferase ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
General Protein Synthesis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
General Protein

Administration of the anti-hypercholesterolaemic drug clofibrate to the rat increases the activity of carnitine acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA-carnitine O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.7) in liver and kidney. The drug-mediated increase in enzyme activity in hepatic mitochondria shows a time lag during which the activity increases in the microsomal and peroxisomal fractions. The enzyme induced in the particulate fractions is identical with one normally present in mitochondria. The increase in enzyme activity is prevented by inhibitors of RNA and general protein synthesis. Mitochondrial protein-synthetic machinery does not appear to be involved in the process. Immunoprecipitation shows increased concentration of the enzyme protein in hepatic mitochondria isolated from drug-treated animals. In these animals, the rate of synthesis of the enzyme is increased 7-fold.

scholarly journals Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

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