Protein bodies in Datura stramonium seeds: structure and mineral nutrient composition

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2545-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Maldonado ◽  
John N. A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Endosperm Protein

The structure of protein bodies in the endosperm and embryo of Datura stramonium was studied with a variety of light-and electron-microscopic techniques. Protein bodies had one to several globoid crystals and one or two protein crystalloids in the proteinaceous matrix. Although the embryo protein bodies rarely had more than two globoid crystals, the endosperm protein bodies had varying sizes and numbers of globoid crystals, even within the same cell. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of globoid crystals revealed the presence of P, K, and Mg in all cases. Traces of Fe, Mn, and Zn were also found in globoid crystals of protein bodies from certain cell types. The distribution patterns of these three elements were quite specific; for example, Mn traces were found only in the globoid crystals of the protoderm. Neutron-activation analysis of endosperm and embryo tissues was used to quantitatively measure the concentration of Ca, Cl, Cu, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and S. The results from structural studies and the element analysis studies are discussed in the context of solanaceous seeds in particular but also with relation to seeds in general. Key words: protein bodies, Datura stramonium, seed, globoid crystals, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Solanaceae.

Light and electron microscopic and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis studies of globoids in protein bodies of embryo tissues and the aleurone layer of rice (Otyza sativa L.) grains

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomikichi Wada ◽  
John N. A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Future

To understand the differences in mineral nutrient storage within tissues and organs of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains, the distribution of globoids in rice embryo and endosperm tissues was examined using light and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to study globoid composition. Globoids were found in most embryo tissues, including provascular cells, and their location and size in sections of protein bodies is described. While P, Mg, and K were commonly detected in all globoids, other elements such as Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn were sometimes detected in globoids of specific tissues and (or) regions. High peak-to-background ratios for P were obtained in globoids of scutellar and aleurone cells, and moderately high values were detected in ground meristem regions of the mesocotyl and coleoptile. Relatively high K levels were found in globoids in parenchyma cells of the scutellum and coleorhiza; in provascular cells of the radicle; and in ground meristem cells from the mesocotyl, coleoptile, and plumule. Calcium was mainly detected in globoids of the aleurone layer. Iron was mostly found in radicle tissue globoids. Zinc was commonly found in globoids of the scutellar epithelium and in provascular tissues of the mesocotyl, coleoptile, and radicle. Manganese was distributed throughout most of the tissues examined, but the highest levels of Mn were detected in globoids from the coleoptile tip regions and the plumule. A novel finding was that, in the provascular tissues of the coleoptile tip, distinctive differences were found in Mn, Fe, and Zn storage between globoids in the future xylem and the future phloem. Key words: EDX analysis, embryos, globoids, mineral storage, phytate, Oryza sativa, rice.

Thin-section, freeze-fracture, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis studies of the protein bodies of tomato seeds

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Spitzer ◽  
John N. A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analysis

Protein bodies of dry seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) from radicle, hypocotyl, cotyledon, and endosperm tissue were extensively studied using thin-sectioning, freeze-fracturing and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. Protein bodies varied in size, were oval to circular in section, and generally consisted of a proteinaceous matrix, globoid crystal, and protein crystalloid components. Size, shape, and arrangements of globoid crystals and protein crystalloids varied even within the same cell. Globoid crystals were generally oval to circular in section. They were always surrounded by a proteinaceous matrix. In a given protein body the number present ranged from a few to numerous. A protein body generally contained only one protein crystalloid. In section, protein crystalloids were irregular or angular in shape. They were composed of substructural particles which formed lattice planes. EDX analysis of tomato seed globoid crystals revealed the presence of P, K, and Mg in all cases, a fact that is consistent with globoid crystals being phytin-rich. Rarely, small amounts of calcium were found along with P, K, and Mg in globoid crystals of each of the tissue regions considered. The distribution pattern of cells with Ca containing globoid crystals was random. Small amounts of Fe and Mn were also found in the globoid crystals of protein bodies from certain cell types. These two elements, unlike calcium, were specific in terms of their distribution. Globoid crystals from the protodermal cells often contained Mn and Fe. The globoid crystals from provascular tissue of radicle, hypocotyl, and cotyledon regions often contained Fe while globoid crystals in the first layer of large cells surrounding these provascular areas always contained Fe. Results from EDX analysis of the proteinaceous material from the protein bodies are presented and discussed as are variations in elemental content due to different fixations.

Elemental composition of globoids in the perisperm tissue of various seeds

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marcia West ◽  
Derrick T. Flannigan ◽  
John N.A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Yucca Brevifolia ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The mature seeds of some angiosperms contain perisperm tissue derived from remains of the nucellus tissue of the ovule. In our transmission electron microscopy studies, the perisperm tissues of the seeds of Yucca brevifolia, Coffea arabica, Beta vulgaris, Piper nigrum, and Zostera capricorni contained naturally electron-dense globoids. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of globoids from the perisperm tissues of these seeds revealed varying levels of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, results that are consistent with the presence of the mineral nutrient store called phytate. Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and other mineral nutrients, likely stored as phytate, have routinely been located in globoids of endosperm, female gametophyte, and embryo tissues of seeds. Key words: perisperm, globoids, mineral nutrient reserves, phosphorus, seeds, energy dispersive X-ray analysis.

Otospongiosis: Morphologic and Microchemical Investigation after Naf-Treatment

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bretlau ◽  
Hans Jørgen Hansen ◽  
Jean Causse ◽  
Jean-Bernard Causse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Element analysis of microareas of otospongiotic specimens is described. A total of 36 otospongiotic stapes are ultrasectioned without decalcification and examined using a transmission and a scanning electron microscope (STEM-mode). The latter was equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer. Twenty of the stapes came from patients who have had sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment (15 to 45 mg/day) for a minimum of 12 months. The otospongiotic stapes are classified as spongiotic and sclerotic according to their pathologic characteristics and state of mineralization. Using the Ca/P ratio as criterion—measured by the characteristic x-ray fluorescence—it was shown in a blind study that the NaF-treated otospongiotic stapes had a statistically higher Ca/P ratio, indicating that the fluoride may stabilize otospongiotic lesions, particularly the spongiotic type with unstable mineralization.

Manganese and Iron in Globoid Crystals of Protein Bodies From Avena and Casuarina

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Buttrose
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plant Seeds

The storage protein bodies of plant seeds usually contain globoid crystals with a high content of phytin, a rich store of Mg, P, K and Ca. By energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Mn and Fe have now been located in the globoid crystals of protein bodies in the seed embryos of Avena sativa and Casuarina species. Their levels in sections of globoids, relative to the levels of the major elements present, is consistent with their relative levels stored in whole seeds of various species as determined by chemical analysis.

ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS OF FIELD PEAS WITH DIFFERENT COOKING QUALITY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CHONG ◽  
S. T. ALI-KHAN ◽  
B. B. CHUBEY ◽  
G. H. GUBBELS
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
High Concentrations

An energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analytical method was used to study the freeze-dried powder of seeds of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) with good and poor cooking quality. EDX analysis of the electron-dense particles in the freeze-dried powder revealed the presence of high concentrations of Mg, P, and K, suggesting that the particles were protein bodies. Seeds with different cooking quality were compared with respect to the ratios of these elements in the dense particles. Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation between these ratios and cooking quality.Key words: Pisum sativum, protein bodies, elemental analysis

An energy dispersive x-ray analysis study of elemental loss from globoid crystals in protein bodies as a result of osmium tetroxide fixation

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (19) ◽  
pp. 2408-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. A. Lott ◽  
J. S. Greenwood ◽  
C. M. Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
Degree Of Extraction ◽  
Helichrysum Bracteatum

This study was undertaken to discover what elemental losses, if any, were occurring from globoid crystals in seed protein bodies during glutaraldehyde – osmium tetroxide fixation. Unfixed cotyledon and radicle tissue of Cucurbita maxima seed, or tissue after glutaral–dehyde–OsO4 treatment, was quick frozen in liquid N2, ground with a cold mortar and pestle, and low-temperature freeze-dried. Globoid crystals in the freeze-dried powder were subjected to energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. OsO4 fixation resulted in a major loss of P, Mg, and K from cotyledon globoid crystals and a major loss of P, Mg, K, and Ca from radicle globoid crystals. Despite the loss of elements, the OsO4-fixed globoid crystals were still electron dense. When globoid crystals from glutaraldehyde-fixed, dehydrated, and embedded cotyledon tissue were compared with globoid crystals from glutaraldehyde–OsO4-fixed, dehydrated, and embedded tissue, some extraction was found. The degree of extraction varied from complete loss of P, K, and Mg to loss of K only.Effects of glutaraldehyde–OsO4 fixation upon elemental composition of globoid crystals in several other species was also determined. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) radicle tissue or cotyledon tissue from walnut (Juglans regia), hazelnut (Corylus avellana), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), golden everlasting daisy (Helichrysum bracteatum), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), pistachio (Pistacia vera), and the Western Australian red-capped gum (Eucalyptus erythrocorys) were fixed either in glutaraldehyde or in glutaraldehyde–OsO4. In these species, EDX analysis of globoid crystal sections showed that OsO4 fixation results in major loss of Mg, K, and Ca. Generally, phosphorus levels were reduced from control values as well. When carrying out EDX analysis studies of globoid crystals, we recommend (1) avoiding any use of OsO4, (2) keeping all fixation, washing, and dehydration times as short as possible, and (3) checking all observations with freeze-dried powders.

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the direct multi-element analysis of dried blood spots

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marguí ◽  
I. Queralt ◽  
E. García-Ruiz ◽  
E. García-González ◽  
L. Rello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Multi Element Analysis
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