A new approach to the phylogeny of Euascomycetes with a cladistic outline of Arthoniales focussing on Roccellaceae

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2458-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Tehler
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
Bitunicate Ascus

A phylogenetic working hypothesis of euascomycete relationships is presented. Paraphysoidal ascolocular fungi are monophyletic and ascohymenial fungi are paraphyletic as paraphyses are considered plesiomorphic and paraphysoids apomorphic within euascomycete fungi. As a result it is not necessary to postulate parallel evolution of the bitunicate ascus, and furthermore presence of paraphyses in the prototunicate caliciaceous fungi is no longer in conflict with paraphyses in ascohymenial fungi. A cladistic outline of the order Arthoniales with special focus on the Roccellaceae including 20 taxa and 92 characters is presented. The type species of all genera considered are used as terminal taxa. It is suggested that the type species of Arthothelium should be excluded from the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae are paraphyletic as Arthonia radiata and Arthothelium spectabile form a grade pair. The family Roccellaceae is monophyletic and corroborated in its traditional sense, but some rearrangements within the family are made. Opegrapha vulgata and Lecanactis abietina form a pair, but the family Opegraphaceae is paraphyletic if the pair Chiodecton sphaerale and Schismatomma pericleum are included. The originally described ascoma of the species Darbishirella gracillima, Ingaderia pulcherrima, and Reinkella fragillima are found to be lichenicolous fungi. The mycobiont ascomata of Darbishirella gracillima produce 3- not 2-septate spores. No ascomata of the mycobionts of the two latter species have as yet been found. Key words: Euascomycetes, Arthoniales, Roccellaceae, phylogeny, cladistics, lichenicolous.

Notes on and additions to the Niessliaceae (Hypocreales)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2165-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Samuels ◽  
Margaret E. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Type Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Respective Type

The ascomycete family Niessliaceae presently includes the genera Cryptoniesslia, Melanopsamma, Niesslia, Taiwanascus, Trichosphaerella, and Valetoniella. To this assemblage are added the newly described Circinoniesslia, with C. nectriae, and Valetoniellopsis, with V. laxa as their respective type species. The synonymy of Pseudorhynchia with Trichosphaeria is not accepted, and Pseudorhynchia is redescribed based on its type species. Melanopsamma pomiformis is redescribed and illustrated. Other newly described species are Melanopsamma verrucosa, Valetoniella pauciornata, and Valetoniella claviornata. The family Taiwanascaceae, described for the cleistothecial Taiwanascus tetrasporus, is placed in synonymy with the Niessliaceae. Trichosphaerella arecae is transferred to Neorehmia, and that genus is excluded from the family. Key words: Ascomycetes, Cryptoniesslia, Melanopsamma, Niesslia, Pseudorhynchia, systematics, Taiwanascus, Trichosphaerella, Valetoniella, Valetoniellopsis.

Systematics and Zoogeography of the Fishes of the Family Percidae

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce B. Collette ◽  
Petru Bănărescu
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Eurasian Species ◽  
Posterior Position

Two phyletic lines are present in the Percidae: the Percinae, in which the anteriormost interhaemal bone is much larger than the posterior ones and the anal spines usually are well developed, and the Luciopercinae, in which the interhaemal bones are of uniform size and the anal spines are poorly developed. Parallel evolution has produced in each subfamily small, benthic, rheophilic forms with depressed or terete bodies and reduced or vestigial swimbladders. This differentiation is shown by dividing each subfamily into two tribes. Within the Percinae, the Etheostomatini (Percina, Ammocrypta, and Etheostoma) are interpreted as derivatives of the Percini (Perca, Gymnocephalus [=Acerina], and Percarina). The North American species Perca flavescens is distinguished from the Eurasian species P. fluviatilis and P. schrenki on the basis of the more posterior position of the predorsal bone. In the Luciopercinae, the Romanichthyini (Zingel [=Aspro] and Romanichthys) have evolved from the Luciopercini (Stizostedion [including Lucioperca]). Key words: Percidae, systematics, zoogeography, evolution

Morphology and taxonomy of the Dasyaceae and the Lophothalieae (Rhodomelaceae) of the Rhodophyta

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Fusion Cell ◽  
Superficial Similarity ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Sympodial Growth

To date the knowledge of the family Dasyaceae has been obtained from species known only in the northern hemisphere, yet southern Australia is an important centre of distribution for species of this family. These morphological studies on the Dasyaceae concern four species of Dasya (Dasya clavigera (Womersley) comb. nov. has been transferred from Dasyopsis), five species of Heterosiphonia and two species of Thuretia. Additional comments are made on a further species of Dasya and one of Heterosiphonia. New descriptions of the genera are given. Several features reported in the literature as being characteristic of the Dasyaceae are found to be inconsistent and it is shown that the development of the fusion cell, and the sympodial growth of the thallus, are good family characters. Three genera of the tribe Lophothalieae (Rhodomelaceae) are studied because of their superficial similarity with species in the Dasyaceae. The type species of Lophothalia, Doxodasya and Haplodasya, and one other species of Doxodasya and Haplodasya (H. tomentosa sp. nov.) are studied in detail to provide an understanding of the tribe Lophothalieae. Haplodasya, once placed in the Dasyaceae, is removed to the Lophothalieae. Comparisons of the Lophothalieae with Brongniartella (as described in the literature) are made and the differences require the formation of a new tribe, the Brongniartelleae, to take Brongniartella and similar genera once placed close to Lophothalia. It would appear that the Lophothalieae and the Dasyaceae are examples of parallel evolution of thallus form and are not closely related. Two species of Dasya and two of Heterosiphonia were used in an attempt to culture these plants completely through their life cycle in the laboratory. Dasya clavigera has been successfully taken through its life cycle for two generations of sexual plants and one of tetrasporangial plants. No other species grew to reproductive maturity.

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

Three new cribrimorph bryozoans (order Cheilostomatida) from the early Miocene of Argentina, with a discussion on spinocystal shield morphologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juan López-Gappa ◽  
Leandro M. Pérez ◽  
Ana C.S. Almeida ◽  
Débora Iturra ◽  
Dennis P. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Abstract Bryozoans with calcified frontal shields formed by the fusion of costae, collectively constituting a spinocyst, are traditionally assigned to the family Cribrilinidae. Today, this family is regarded as nonmonophyletic. In the Argentine Cenozoic, cribrilinids were until recently represented by only two fossil species from the Paleocene of Patagonia. This study describes the first fossil representatives of Jolietina and Parafigularia: J. victoria n. sp. and P. pigafettai n. sp., respectively. A fossil species of Figularia, F. elcanoi n. sp., is also described. The material comes from the early Miocene of the Monte León and Chenque formations (Patagonia, Argentina). For comparison, we also provide redescriptions of the remaining extant species of Jolietina: J. latimarginata (Busk, 1884) and J. pulchra Canu and Bassler, 1928a. The systematic position of some species previously assigned to Figularia is here discussed. Costafigularia n. gen. is erected, with Figularia pulcherrima Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001 as type species. Two species previously assigned to Figularia are here transferred to Costafigularia, resulting in C. jucunda n. comb. and C. tahitiensis n. comb. One species of Figularia is reassigned to Vitrimurella, resulting in V. ampla n. comb. The family Vitrimurellidae is here reassigned to the superfamily Cribrilinoidea. The subgenus Juxtacribrilina is elevated to genus rank. Inferusia is regarded as a subjective synonym of Parafigularia. Parafigularia darwini Moyano, 2011 is synonymized with I. taylori Kuklinski and Barnes, 2009, resulting in Parafigularia taylori n. comb. Morphological data suggest that these genera comprise different lineages, and a discussion on the disparities among cribrilinid (sensu lato) spinocysts is provided. UUID: http://zoobank.org/215957d3-064b-47e2-9090-d0309f6c9cd8

scholarly journals Brachycorythis obcordata (Lindl.) Summerh. (Orchidaceae): A new angiospermic record for Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hoque ◽  
MK Huda
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
New Record ◽  
The Family

Brachycorythis (Lindl.) Summerh. of the family Orchidaceae is reported here as a new angiospermic record for Bangladesh flora. Key words: Brachycorythis obcordata, Orchidaceae, New record, Bangladesh doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i2.1732 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(2): 199-201, 2008 (December)

Early Paleozoic Hyolitha from North America: reexamination of Walcott's and Resser's type specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark Malinky
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Concepts of the family Hyolithidae Nicholson fide Fisher and the genera Hyolithes Eichwald and Orthotheca Novak have been expanded through time to encompass a variety of morphologically dissimilar shells. The Hyolithidae is here considered to include only those hyolithid species which have a rounded (convex) dorsum; slopes on the dorsum are inflated, and the venter may be flat or slightly inflated. Hyolithes encompasses species which possess a low dorsum and a prominent longitudinal sulcus along each edge of the dorsum; the ligula is short and the apertural rim is flared. The emended concept of Orthotheca includes only those species of orthothecid hyoliths which have a subtriangular transverse outline and longitudinal lirae covering the shell on both dorsum and venter.Eighteen species of Hyolithes and one species of Orthotheca from the Appalachian region and Western Interior were reexamined in light of more modern taxonomic concepts and standards of quality for type material. Reexamination of type specimens of H. similis Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland, H. whitei Resser from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. billingsi Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. gallatinensis Resser from the Upper Cambrian of Wyoming, and H. partitus Resser from the Middle Cambrian of Alabama indicates that none of these species represents Hyolithes. Hyolithes similis is here included under the new genus Similotheca, in the new family Similothecidae. Hyolithes whitei is designated as the type species of the new genus Nevadotheca, to which H. billingsi may also belong. Hyolithes gallatinensis is referred to Burithes Missarzhevsky with question, and H. partitus may represent Joachimilites Marek. The type or types of H. attenuatus Walcott, H. cecrops Walcott, H. comptus Howell, H. cowanensis Resser, H. curticei Resser, H. idahoensis Resser, H. prolixus Resser, H. resseri Howell, H. shaleri Walcott, H. terranovicus Walcott, and H. wanneri Resser and Howell lack shells and/or other taxonomically important features such as a complete aperture, rendering the diagnoses of these species incomplete. Their names should only be used for the type specimens until better preserved topotypes become available for study. Morphology of the types of H.? corrugatus Walcott and “Orthotheca” sola Resser does not support placement in the Hyolitha; the affinities of these species are uncertain.

Work and the Family— Queensland's New Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463
Author(s):  
Stephanie Werner
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
The Family

On the Anatomy of the Trematode Petasiger exaeretus Dietz 1909, from the Intestine of Phalacrocorax Carbo

Parasitology ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
The Family ◽  
Whole Mounts

The genus Petasiger which belongs to the family Echinostomidae was proposed by Dietz in 1909, with Petasiger exaeretus as the type species. The description given by Dietz of this species is incomplete and it is proposed therefore to present below a more detailed account of the anatomy, based on an examination of whole mounts and serial sections. The material was obtained from the small intestine of cormorants shot on the coast of Cardigan Bay between Aberystwyth and Llanrhystyd. Five cormorants were shot in July, and of these two contained a large number of Petasiger exaeretus in the small intestine.

Chrysomelid males with enlarged mandibles: three new species and a review of occurrence in the family (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3619 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A.M. REID ◽  
M. BEATSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Three new species of Chrysomelidae with extraordinary extensions of the male mandibles are described: Scaphodius drehu sp. nov. and S. ferox sp. nov. (Cryptocephalinae), from New Caledonia, and Chaloenus gajah sp. nov. (Galerucinae), from Borneo. Designation of the type species of Chaloenus Westwood, 1861, is clarified. Synonymy of Scaphodius Chapuis, 1874, with Nyetra Baly, 1877, is supported. Four species of Ditropidus Erichson, 1842, described from New Caledonia, but hitherto regarded as nomina nuda, are shown to be available and are placed in Scaphodius: S. aeneus (Fauvel, 1907), comb. nov., S. nitidus (Fauvel, 1907) comb. nov., S. striolatus (Fauvel, 1907) comb. nov., S. sulcatus (Fauvel, 1907) comb. nov. Ditropidus opacicollis Fauvel, 1907, is also transferred to Scaphodius, as S. opacicollis (Fauvel) comb. nov. The genus Ditropidus does not occur onNew Caledonia. Male mandible enlargment in the Chrysomelidae is reviewed: it is common in Cryptocephalinae, but otherwise restricted to a few species of Chrysomelinae, Eumolpinae and Galerucinae. Possible reasons for its distribution in the Chrysomelidae are discussed.

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