Induction of somatic embryogenesis in carrot by heavy metal ions

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2301-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Kiyosue ◽  
Koujiro Takano ◽  
Hiroshi Kamada ◽  
Hiroshi Harada
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Murashige And Skoog's Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog’S Medium

A new method for the induction of somatic embryos has been demonstrated. Somatic embryos were formed without a visible interventing callus stage when apical tips from 1-week-old seedlings of carrot (Daucus carota cv. US-Harumakigosun) were cultured for 1–3 weeks on Murashige and Skoog's medium without growth regulators but containing heavy metal chlorides, such as CoCl2, NiCl2, ZnCl2, and CdCl2, and then transferred to Murashige and Skoog's medium. These results suggest that the stresses caused by these chemicals trigger the induction of somatic embryogenesis in carrot. Key words: Daucus carota, somatic embryo, stress, tissue culture.

Immunological detection of an embryogenic-cell protein (ECP31) during stress-induced somatic embryogenesis in carrot

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Kiyosue ◽  
Shinobu Satoh ◽  
Hiroshi Kamada ◽  
Hiroshi Harada
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Embryogenic Competence ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Embryogenic Cell

The accumulation and localization of ECP31, an embryogenic cell protein with a molecular weight of 31 000, was examined with immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis during stress-induced somatic embryogenesis in carrot (Daucus carota). ECP31 was not detected in apical tip segments of 7-day-old carrot seedlings. However, it accumulated in the apical tip segments on which somatic embryos had formed after treatment with 0.5 mM NiCl2 or CdCl2 and successive culture on Murashige and Skoog's agar medium without the heavy metal chlorides. ECP31 was localized in proembryo-forming cells located in the periphery of the NiCl2 treated carrot segments but not in developing somatic embryos on these segments. Key words: carrot (Daucus carota), ECP31 (carrot embryogenic cell protein with molecular weight 31 000), embryogenic competence, stress-induced somatic embryogenesis.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Development in Eight Cultivars of Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E. Yates ◽  
C.C. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Appreciable Variation

The influence of stage of fruit development and plant growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis and the relation of cultivar response on somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant development have been investigated in eight cultivars of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Explants from the micropylar region of the ovule were more embryogenic when removed from fruits in the liquid endosperm stage than were intact ovules from less-mature fruits or from cotyledonary segments of more-mature fruits. Explants conditioned on medium containing auxin alone or auxin + cytokinin produced more somatic embryos than medium containing cytokinin alone. Under the conditions of this study, frequency of embryogenesis, as well as the germination of somatic embryos leading to plant development, indicated appreciable variation among cultivars. Plant development was greatest by far from somatic embryos of `Schley' than other cultivars studied.

Conditions d'apparition d'une embryogénèse somatique sur des cals issus de la culture de tissus foliaires du chêne vert (Quercus ilex)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Féraud-Keller ◽  
H. Espagnac
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Foliar Tissue ◽  
Murashige And Skoog's Medium ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Murashige And Skoog’S Medium

The proliferation of parenchymatous foliar tissue of Quercus ilex was obtained from current year leaves taken from old trees and cultivated in vitro on modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (4 mg ∙ L−1) and naphthyl acetic acid (0.5 mg ∙ L−1). Only the fragments cultured in October reacted. The neoformations only appeared on calluses that had not been subcultured for 7 months. Primary nodules arising on these calluses were removed and subcultured on the same medium either in the dark or in the light. In the dark only, they produced secondary nodules, which were the source of somatic embryos both in light and dark. Presently, they seem to regulate their structure in the dark but they do not develop in a way that leads to germination.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sitokinin, Jenis Eksplan, dan Genotipe terhadap Embriogenesis Somatik Kakao

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nur Ajijah ◽  
RR. Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Primary Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Primary Somatic Embryos

<p><em>Information on the effect of cytokinins on cacao (</em>Theobroma cacao<em> L.) primary somatic embryogenesis and its interaction with explant types and genotypes is not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cytokinins and its interaction with explant types and genotypes on cacao somatic embryogenesis. The study was conducted at tissue culture laboratory of IAARD, Bogor from April until December 2012 and October 2014 until February 2016. Three types of cytokinins i.e. kinetin (0.58, 1.16, and 2.32 </em><em>μ</em><em>M), thidiazuron (0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 </em><em>μ</em><em>M) and benzylaminopurine (0.55, 1.11, and 2.22 </em><em>μ</em><em>M) in combination with 9 </em><em>μ</em><em>M 2,4-D were tested for their effectiveness in inducing somatic embryogenesis from petals and staminoid explants of Cimanggu 1 genotype. Furthermore, three levels of kinetin (0.58, 1.16, and 2.32 </em><em>μ</em><em>M</em><em>) also in combination with 9 </em><em>μ</em><em>M 2,4-D were evaluated for their influences on the somatic embryogenesis from petals and staminoid explants of three cacao genotypes i.e. Sulawesi 02, ICCRI 04 and Cimanggu 3. The result demonstrated that 2.32 </em><em>μ</em><em>M kinetin and staminoids explant were more effective to induce cacao somatic embryogenesis of Cimanggu 1 genotype (7%, 0.23 embryos/explant). Additionally, there were interaction effects between the level of kinetin with explant types and genotype on the percentage of explants forming embryo at 12 weeks after culture. The highest percentage of somatic embryo formation was shown by ICCRI 04 genotype with the use of petals explant and a kinetin level of 1.16 </em><em>μ</em><em>M (31.85%), but not significantly different from the level of kinetin 2.23 </em><em>μ</em><em>M (25.55%). The formation of primary somatic embryos of cacao is largely determined by the type and level of cytokinins, type of explant, and genotype.</em></p>

scholarly journals In vitro ROOTING OF TENERA HYBRID OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PLANTS1

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlúcia Souza Pádua ◽  
Raíssa Silveira Santos ◽  
Luciano Vilela Paiva ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Stein ◽  
Luciano Coutinho Silva
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid

ABSTRACT Oil palm is a woody monocot of economic importance due to high oil production from its fruits. Currently, the conventional method most used to propagate oil palm is seed germination, but success is limited by long time requirements and low germination percentage. An alternative for large-scale propagation of oil palm is the biotechnological technique of somatic embryogenesis. The rooting of plants germinated from somatic embryos is a difficult step, yet it is of great importance for later acclimatization and success in propagation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the auxins indole acetic acid (IAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of somatic embryos of Tenera hybrid oil palm. Plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis were inoculated in modified MS medium with 10% sucrose and 0.6% agar and supplemented with IAA or IBA at concentrations of 5 µM, 10 µM, and 15 µM, and the absence of growth regulators. After 120 days, the presence of roots, root type, length of the longest root, number of roots, number of leaves, and shoot length were analyzed. Growth regulators were favorable to rooting; plants cultivated with IBA growth regulator at 15 µM showed higher rooting percentage (87%) and better results for the parameters of number of roots (1.33) and shoot length (9.83).

scholarly journals Bioproduction of Diosgenin in Callus Cultures of Balanites aegyptiaca: Effect of Growth Regulators, Explants and Somatic Embryogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100
Author(s):  
Bishnu P. Chapagain ◽  
Vinod Saharan ◽  
Dan Pelah ◽  
Ram C. Yadav ◽  
Zeev Wiesman
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Basal Media

This study describes the effects of plant growth regulators, explants, and somatic embryogenesis on in vitro production of the steroidal sapogenin, diosgenin, in callus cultures of the Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.(desert date). Root, shoot, hypocotyl, and epicotyl callus culture of B. aegyptiaca, were raised on MS basal media supplemented with various combinations of either 2,4-D and NAA alone, or with BAP. The diosgenin content (on a dry weight basis) was found to be highest when calli were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D alone and/or in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP. However, the callus growth was highest in media supplemented with 2.5 or 3.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. MS basal media supplemented with 2,4-D 2.5 mg l−1 alone and in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP induced pre-embryogenic callus formation on root cultures. When these pre-embryogenic callus cultures were used to establish cell suspension cultures, two growth densities were obtained in embryogenic suspension cultures, inducing clusters of somatic embryos at various stages of development. The maximum number of somatic embryos were obtained at the fifth week on the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. However, the diosgenin content in these somatic cells was found to be lower compared to the explant calluses. This study revealed that production of diosgenin in callus cultures of B. aegyptiaca is possible, but the amount is significantly affected by the growth regulators, type of explants, and somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryos Derived from Cotyledons of Cucumber

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Cade ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Two studies were conducted to test the effects of various tissue culture media on somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The two best media for embryo initiation were Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins containing either 1 or 2 mg 2,4-D/liter and 0.5 mg kinetin/liter. In the second study, embryos developed more normally. More plantlets developed when tissue was removed from the initiation medium after 3 weeks and transferred to MS containing 1 mg NAA/liter and 0.5 mg kinetin/liter for 3 weeks, rather than leaving the embryos on a medium containing 2,4-D. Histological evidence indicated that the embryos were multicellular in origin. Charcoal in the maturation medium inhibited embryo development. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) -acetic acid (2,4-D); N-(2-furanylmethyl)-lH-purine-6-amine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals High Frequency of Somatic Embryogenesis and Recover of Fertile Cucumber Plants

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula P. Chee
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Bipolar Structure ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A simple procedure for regeneration of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Poinsett 76) from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants has been developed. Somatic embryogenesis was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins medium supplemented with 2,4-D at 2.0 mg·liter-1 and kinetin at 0.5 mg·liter-1. Development of embryos was accomplished on MS medium with NAA at 1.0 mg·liter-1 and kinetin at 0.5 mg·liter-1. Eighty-five percent of the mature somatic embryos formed showed a typical bipolar structure. All developed into morphologically normal plantlets when transferred to MS medium containing no growth regulators. Chemical name used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).

A transplant plug technique for production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants from somatic embryos

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. McElroy ◽  
D. C. W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

A transplant plug technique was developed that uses in vitro somatic embryogenesis techniques to mass-multiply alfalfa plants in a form suitable for direct transplanting. The plug contains potting media covered with an agar nutrient cap. Plants develop from embryos placed on the cap and then establish in the potting media.Key words: Hybrid alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., tissue culture, transplant plug, somatic embryogenesis

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