Studies on the systematics of ectomycorrhizal fungi in axenic culture. II. The enzymatic degradation of selected carbon and nitrogen compounds

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1522-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Ninety-six species of ectomycorrhizal fungi from 30 genera were grown on modified Melin–Norkrans agar where the carbon (glucose) or nitrogen (ammonium phosphate dibasic) supply was replaced by cellulose, lignin, pectin, lipid, amylose, gelatin, casamino acids, or urea. Ectomycorrhizal fungi did not appreciably degrade cellulose, lignin, or pectin. The remaining compounds were broken down by representatives of certain taxonomic groups. Lipase was produced by Amanita species, amylase by species of Amanita and Cortinarius, gelatinase by Piloderma, Thelephora, species of Lactarius section Dapetes, and some species of both Amanita and Cortinarius. Casamino acids were degraded by Laccaria, Hebeloma, and some Tricholoma species. Urease was detected in species of Hebeloma and Laccaria. The ability to enzymatically degrade selected carbon and nitrogen compounds have potential as taxonomic characters for the identification of isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The significance of these results are also discussed in relation to the ecology of these fungi. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, enzyme activity, cultures, identification, systematics.

Accumulation of carbon and nitrogen compounds in sweet potato plants grown under deficiency of N, P, or K nutrients

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Osaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda ◽  
Takuro Shinano ◽  
Hirokazu Matsui ◽  
Toshiaki Tadano
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Potato Plants

Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and nitrate reductase activity of selected ectomycorrhizal fungi

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 750-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Ho
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Alkaline

Seventeen isolates, encompassing five genera and eight species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, were compared for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and nitrate reductase activity. Isolates within species differed in enzyme activity and isozyme patterns by host specificity and site (as exemplified by the genus Suillus). Host and site may have affected phosphatase enzyme activity. Generally, the Douglas-fir associates, which dominate in mesic sites, have higher acid phosphatase activity than pine associates, which mostly occupy xeric sites; however, pine associates from mesic sites also have higher acid phosphatase activity (e.g., S. tomentosus). In four isolates of Amanita muscaria, the effect of site was also apparent. Two of them, which have significantly higher acid phosphatase activity than the others, were isolated from mesic sites. The isozyme pattern of the genus Suillus appeared to be separated by host groups. Other isolates with only one species also differed more or less by host groups. They shared at least one band within host groups, except for the two isolates of Paxillus involutus from different hosts. The P. involutus S-403 isolated from an orchard showed much higher nitrate reductase activity than all other isolates. No apparent differences in nitrate reductase activity were found between the other isolates.

scholarly journals A new chemical compound with an unusual ratio of number of carbon and nitrogen atoms – C(N12): quantum-chemical modelling

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (57) ◽  
pp. 35974-35981
Author(s):  
Denis V. Chachkov ◽  
Oleg V. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Modelling ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

The possibility of the existence of tetracyclic carbon–nitrogen compounds having the unusual carbon : nitrogen ratio 1 : 12, which is unknown for these elements at the present, was shown.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Organic Matter of Sewage Sediments on Biological Activity of Microorganisms which Carry Out the Transformations of Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
IZABELLA PISAREK ◽  
KATARZYNA GRATA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cellulolytic Microorganisms

Soil microorganisms play an important role in the organic matter transformation process. The soil microorganisms also are in symbiotic relationship with plants. At the same time, soil microorganisms are sensitive to both anthropogenic and natural habitat changes. Particular characteristics of organic matter (the C:N relation, pH, the content the content of assimilated nutrients, the xenobiotics etc.) modify the biotic conditions of the soils. This particularly concerns the microorganisms which carry out the changes in the mineral and organic nitrogen compounds and the transformation of the external organic matter. The first aim of this work was to assess the influence of the sewage sediments and the manure on the phytosanitary potential of the soil environment. The second aim of this article was to estimate the number and activity of microorganisms which carry out the transformation of carbon and nitrogen compounds. This work showed the stimulating effect of the external organic matter both on the number and on the activity of most of the physiological groups. The manure mainly stimulated ammonificators, amylolitic microorganisms and Azotobacter sp. The sewage sediments mainly stimulated ammonificators, nitrifiers of I phase and cellulolytic microorganisms. The statistically significant impact of the physio-chemical soil habitat on the biological activity of the analyzed groups of microbes was also noted.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK AKAR BEREKTOMIKORIZA PADA Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii DAN Gnetum gnemon

PERENNIAL ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Arum Sekar Wulandari ◽  
Cecep Kusmana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Clamp Connection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

Morphology and anatomy characteristics often used to identify ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used three Scleroderma spp. (Scleroderma columnare, S. dictyosporum), and S. sinnamariense) and inoculated to Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii, and Gnetum gnemon. After 6,8, and 10 months, each root tips were collected to determined hyphae colour, branching pattern, clamp-connection, hartig net and mantle. This result revealed that S. sinnamariense did not form association with S. pinanga and P. merkusii but form association with G. gnemon. On the other hand, S. columnare and S. dictyosporum could form association with all the host plants. S. columnare and S. dictyosporum formed white hyphae while S. sinnamariense formed yellow hyphae with monopodial branching pattern. The depth of hartig net and mantle was increased by timed. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, hartig net, mantle, Scleroderma

scholarly journals Endoparasitic Infection in Laboratory Rat Strain, Long-Evans (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Muznebin ◽  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Zaibun Nessa ◽  
Dipa Islam
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Syphacia Muris ◽  
Rat Strain ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

In the present study, five helminth parasite species from two taxonomic groups were identified from Long-Evans (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769). The cestodes were Vampirolepis nana Siebold, Hymenolepis diminuta Rud and nematodes were Citellina dispar Prendel, Heterakis spumosa Schneider and Syphacia muris Yamaguti. C. dispar is a new finding in Bangladesh. The highest prevalence of H. diminuta was recorded but the highest intensity was recorded in V. nana. The prevalence and intensity of V. nana was 56.25% and 65.11±13.23; H. dimisnuta was 72.92% and 4.37±0.89; C. dispar was 62.50% and 19.63 ±2.10; H. spumosa was 66.67% and 9.06±1.85; and S. muris was 64.58% and 24.65±2.60 respectively. Differences in prevalence and intensity due to sexes and seasons were also evaluated. Key words: Cestodes, Nematodes, Helminth, Prevalence, Intensity.     doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i1.2718 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(1), 109-116, 2009

Acyl cyanides as carbonyl heterodienophiles: application to the synthesis of naphthols, isoquinolones, and isocoumarins

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Connors ◽  
Elisabeth Tran ◽  
Tony Durst
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Acetonitrile Solution ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Nucleophiles ◽  
Derivatives Of

Irradiation of 2-methylbenzoyl cyanide (3a) in acetonitrile solution results in the formation of its dimer, which upon loss of HCN gives rise to the cycloadduct 7a. The dimerization also proceeds efficiently with derivatives of 3a giving adducts 7b and 7c. When 2-methylaroyl cyanides are photolyzed in the presence of a more reactive acyl cyanide the mixed adducts 8a–e are obtained in excellent yields. The cycloadducts 7a–c and 8a–e react with carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles by a tandem addition–cyclization sequence furnishing substituted naphthols (10a and 10b) and isoquinolones (11a–d), respectively. Isocoumarins 12a and 12b were prepared from the adducts 8a and 8e by treatment with potassium tert-butoxide in THF. Key words: naphthols, isoquinolones, isocoumarins, synthesis of; acyl cyanides; hetero Diels–Alder.

The genus Bombardioidea

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1302-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Krug ◽  
James A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Fungal Genus

The taxonomy and ecology of the fungal genus Bombardioidea (Ascomycotina, Lasiosphaeriaceae) are discussed. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the four accepted species: Bombardioidea anartia n.sp., Bombardioidea bombardioides, Bombardioidea serignanensis, and Bombardioidea stercoris. Observations from axenic culture are provided for B. bombardioides, and an Angulimaya (Phialophora-like) anamorph is reported. The coriaceous and gelatinous aspects of the peridium are considered to be adaptations to xerophytic environments. Key words: Bombardioidea, Angulimaya, Phialophora, coprophilous, ecology, taxonomy.

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