Intracellular localization and morphology of rhabdovirus-like particles in dodder (Cuscuta sp.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs-Peter Roos ◽  
Henry C. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Outer Coat ◽  
Intranuclear Rodlets ◽  
Basal Bulb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electron Lucent

Rhabdovirus-like particles were discovered in a piece of vine with haustoria of the flowering parasitic plant dodder (Cuscuta sp.). The particles occurred in the perinuclear space or distensions of it and were often arranged in paracrystalline arrays. Most longitudinally sectioned particles were rod shaped and had a round tip, a planar base, and very frequently also a membranous basal bulb. The mean length from the base to the apex was 212.1 nm (SD 13.5 nm, n = 29). The mean outer diameter in cross sections was 63.4 nm (SD 3.7 nm, n = 50). Cross-section profiles comprised an outer coat, with the dimensions of a cellular membrane, and a core of mean diameter 24.9 nm (SD 2.4 nm, n = 20), which appeared as an electron-opaque annulus or stellate ring with an electron-lucent center. Bacilliform particles of approximately double length, with two rounded ends, some of which appeared as two rod-shaped ones joined base to base by a common coat, were observed infrequently. In their morphology, their dimensions, and their intracellular localization these particles resembled rhabdoviruses of unknown origin or significance. Intranuclear rodlets associated with heterochromatin may represent a stage in the assembly of the rhabdovirus-like particles, or a second type of virus-like particles. This is the first report that a species of Cuscuta can be a carrier of what most likely is a rhabdovirus of as yet unknown taxonomic affinities.

scholarly journals Aerodynamics of smooth and rough square-section prisms at incidence in very high Reynolds-number cross-flows

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Paul van Hinsberg
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Surface Boundary Layer ◽  
Pitch Moment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Reynolds

Abstract The aerodynamics of smooth and slightly rough prisms with square cross-sections and sharp edges is investigated through wind tunnel experiments. Mean and fluctuating forces, the mean pitch moment, Strouhal numbers, the mean surface pressures and the mean wake profiles in the mid-span cross-section of the prism are recorded simultaneously for Reynolds numbers between 1$$\times$$ × 10$$^{5}$$ 5 $$\le$$ ≤ Re$$_{D}$$ D $$\le$$ ≤ 1$$\times$$ × 10$$^{7}$$ 7 . For the smooth prism with $$k_s$$ k s /D = 4$$\times$$ × 10$$^{-5}$$ - 5 , tests were performed at three angles of incidence, i.e. $$\alpha$$ α = 0$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ , −22.5$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ and −45$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ , whereas only both “symmetric” angles were studied for its slightly rough counterpart with $$k_s$$ k s /D = 1$$\times$$ × 10$$^{-3}$$ - 3 . First-time experimental proof is given that, within the accuracy of the data, no significant variation with Reynolds number occurs for all mean and fluctuating aerodynamic coefficients of smooth square prisms up to Reynolds numbers as high as $$\mathcal {O}$$ O (10$$^{7}$$ 7 ). This Reynolds-number independent behaviour applies to the Strouhal number and the wake profile as well. In contrast to what is known from square prisms with rounded edges and circular cylinders, an increase in surface roughness height by a factor 25 on the current sharp-edged square prism does not lead to any notable effects on the surface boundary layer and thus on the prism’s aerodynamics. For both prisms, distinct changes in the aerostatics between the various angles of incidence are seen to take place though. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Extension of Pin-Based Point-Wise Energy Slowing-Down Method for VHTR Fuel with Double Heterogeneity

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2179
Author(s):  
Tae-Young Han ◽  
Jin-Young Cho ◽  
Chang-Keun Jo ◽  
Hyun-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Matrix Layer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dancoff Factor ◽  
Double Heterogeneity ◽  
Very High

For the resonance treatment of a very high temperature reactors (VHTR) fuel with the double heterogeneity, an extension of the pin-based pointwise energy slowing-down method (PSM) was developed and implemented into DeCART. The proposed method, PSM-double heterogeneity (DH), has an improved spherical unit cell model with an explicit tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) model, a matrix layer, and a moderator for reflecting the moderation effect. The moderator volume was analytically derived using the relation of the Dancoff factor and the mean chord length. In the first step, the pointwise homogenized cross-sections for the compact was obtained after solving the slowing down equation for the spherical unit cell. Then, the shielded cross-section for the homogenized fuel compact was generated using the original PSM. The verification calculations were performed for the fuel pins with various packing fractions, compact sizes, TRISO sizes, and fuel temperatures. Additionally, two fuel block problems with very different sizes were examined and the depletion calculation was carried out for investigating the accuracy of the proposed method. They revealed that the PSM-DH has a good performance in the VHTR problems.

Heat Assisted Dieless Drawing Process of Superplastic Metal Microtubes - From Zn22Al to β Titanium Alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 838-839 ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Furushima ◽  
Ken-Ichi Manabe
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Dieless Drawing ◽  
Superplastic Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity Index ◽  
Contact Situation

A heat assisted superplastic dieless drawing process that requires no dies or tools is applied to the drawing of a Zn-22Al and β titanium superplastic alloy for not only circular but also noncircular microtubes such as square, rectangular and noncircular multi core tubes having square inner and rectangular outer cross sections. As a result, the tendency has been to increase the limiting reduction in area with increasing strain rate sensitivity index m value. We successfully fabricate Zn-22Al alloy, AZ31 magnesium, β titanium circular microtubes with outer diameter of 191μm, 890μm and 180μm, respectively. Furthermore, a noncircular micro tube, which has inner square tubes with a 335μm side, and an outer rectangular tube of 533×923μm were fabricated successfully. During the dieless drawing process, the geometrical similarity law in cross section which the tube is drawn while maintaining its initial shape can be satisfied. The smooth surface can be obtained in case of superplastic dieless drawing process without contact situation with dies and tools. Consequently, it is found that the superplastic dieless drawing is effective for the fabrication of circular and noncircular multicore microtubes.

Comparison of myocardial T1 mapping during breath-holding and free-breathing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hideharu Oka ◽  
Kouichi Nakau ◽  
Sadahiro Nakagawa ◽  
Yuki Kobayashi ◽  
Rina Imanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Myocardial T1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: T1 mapping is a recently developed imaging analysis method that allows quantitative assessment of myocardial T1 values obtained using MRI. In children, MRI is performed under free-breathing. Thus, it is important to know the changes in T1 values between free-breathing and breath-holding. This study aimed to compare the myocardial T1 mapping during breath-holding and free-breathing. Methods: Thirteen patients and eight healthy volunteers underwent cardiac MRI, and T1 values obtained during breath-holding and free-breathing were examined and compared. Statistical differences were determined using the paired t-test. Results: The mean T1 values during breath-holding were 1211.1 ± 39.0 ms, 1209.7 ± 37.4 ms, and 1228.9 ± 52.5 ms in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively, while the mean T1 values during free-breathing were 1165.1 ± 69.0 ms, 1103.7 ± 55.8 ms, and 1112.0 ± 81.5 ms in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively. The T1 values were lower during free-breathing than during breath-holding in almost all segments (basal: p = 0.008, mid: p < 0.001, apical: p < 0.001). The mean T1 values in each cross section were 3.1, 7.8, and 7.7% lower during free-breathing than during breath-holding in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively. Conclusions: We found that myocardial T1 values during free-breathing were about 3–8% lower in all cross sections than those during breath-holding. In free-breathing, it may be difficult to assess myocardial T1 values, except in the basal region, because of underestimation; thus, the findings should be interpreted with caution, especially in children.

scholarly journals Pulse Radiolysis Studies of Collisional Deexcitation of Ne(3P1) by H2

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Deba Bahadur Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Collisional Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Collisional Deexcitation

The cross sections for the deexcitation of Ne(3P1) by H2 have been measured as a function of the mean collisional energy in the range of 17.3-37.9 meV or in the temperature range from 134 K to 293 K using a pulse radiolysis method as combined with time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy. The deexcitation cross sections are in the range of 2.1- 5.6 Å2 for Ne(3P1) and nearly constant or increase slightly with increasing the collisional energy.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 75-78

scholarly journals Seasonal and annual mass balances of Mera and Pokalde glaciers (Nepal Himalaya) since 2007

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 3337-3378 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wagnon ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
Y. Arnaud ◽  
E. Berthier ◽  
E. Vuillermoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Limited Mass ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Southern Flank

Abstract. In the Everest region, Nepal, ground-based monitoring programs were started on the debris-free Mera Glacier (27.7° N, 86.9° E; 5.1 km2, 6420 to 4940 m a.s.l.) in 2007 and on the small Pokalde Glacier (27.9° N, 86.8° E; 0.1 km2, 5690 to 5430 m a.s.l., ∼ 25 km North of Mera Glacier) in 2009. These glaciers lie on the southern flank of the central Himalaya under the direct influence of the Indian monsoon and receive more than 80% of their annual precipitation in summer (June to September). Despite a large inter-annual variability with glacier-wide mass balances ranging from −0.77± 0.40 m w.e. in 2011–2012 (Equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) at ∼ 6055 m a.s.l.) to + 0.46 ± 0.40 m w.e. in 2010–2011 (ELA at ∼ 5340 m a.s.l.), Mera Glacier has been shrinking at a moderate mass balance rate of −0.10± 0.40 m w.e. yr−1 since 2007. Ice fluxes measured at two distinct transverse cross sections at ∼ 5350 m a.s.l. and ∼ 5520 m a.s.l. confirm that the mean state of this glacier over the last one or two decades corresponds to a limited mass loss, in agreement with remotely-sensed region-wide mass balances of the Everest area. Seasonal mass balance measurements show that ablation and accumulation are concomitant in summer which in turn is the key season controlling the annual glacier-wide mass balance. Unexpectedly, ablation occurs at all elevations in winter due to wind erosion and sublimation, with remobilized snow likely being sublimated in the atmosphere. Between 2009 and 2012, the small Pokalde Glacier lost mass more rapidly than Mera Glacier with respective mean glacier-wide mass balances of −0.72 and −0.26 ± 0.40 m w.e. yr−1. Low-elevation glaciers, such as Pokalde Glacier, have been usually preferred for in-situ observations in Nepal and more generally in the Himalayas, which may explain why compilations of ground-based mass balances are biased toward negative values compared with the regional mean under the present-day climate.

scholarly journals Quantitative Ausmessung des Brom-Affinitätskontinuums und Bestimmung der Detachment-und Attachment-Querschnitte

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1617-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Frank ◽  
M. Neiger ◽  
H.-P. Popp
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Elastic Cross Section ◽  
Electron Atom ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intense Electron

Abstract A wall stabilized low-current cylindric arc was used to produce the radiation of the negative Bromine-ions. The radiation consists of an affinity-continuum with a long-wave threshold of 3682 Å, yielding an electron affinity for Bromine of 3.366 eV, and of an intense electron-atom Bremsstrahlung in the visible. Intensity measurements of the continua allow the determination of the photo-detachment-and attachment-cross-sections of Bromine and also the determination of the mean elastic cross-section of electrons against Bromine atoms.

scholarly journals Creep-Velocity Bounds and Glacier-Flow Problems

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Steady Creep ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hand Calculation ◽  
Glacier Flow ◽  
Rate Relation ◽  
Creep Velocity

Abstract A general result due to Martin can be used to find upper and lower bounds on velocities in steady-creep problems. This method can be applied to glacier flow if ice can be assumed to satisfy a powerlaw stress–strain-rate relation. Bounds on the mean velocity over the glacier cross-section and on the mean velocity on the surface are determined for a particular example (a uniform parabolic channel, with powerlaw exponent 3) and they are shown to bound quite closely the exact solutions due to Nye. Bounds can be found rapidly by hand calculation. The method can be applied to real glacier cross-sections measured in the field.

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