Silica deposition in the inflorescence bracts of wheat (Triticum aestivum). I. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hodson ◽  
A. G. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deposition Pattern ◽  
Membranous Structure ◽  
Silica Deposition ◽  
Scanning Electron

Silica deposition in the lower glume, lemma, and palea of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Silica was present in the outer walls of all the epidermal cells including prickles and papillae of the glume and lemma awns. The glume and the lemma were similar in epidermal silica deposition pattern, both having numerous silicified short trichomes and papillae on inner and outer surfaces. Epidermal long cells and short cells were also silicified. Macrohairs were restricted to isolated areas in these bracts, particularly on the inner surfaces just beneath the awns. The palea was a thin membranous structure differing markedly from the other two bracts. Most of the palea is pressed between the caryopsis and the next floret, and both surfaces are almost devoid of trichomes in these areas. However, at the apex and margins of the palea, macrohairs and papillae were abundant. The results are discussed with respect to possible taxonomic, anatomical, medical, and archaeological implications.

Problems associated with ageing squid from their statoliths: towards a more structured approach

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek R. Lipinski ◽  
M. Deon Durholtz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Etching Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Fish Otoliths ◽  
Scanning Electron

It appears that squid statoliths cannot yet be regarded as accurate an ageing tool as fish otoliths. Statoliths from the same pair, prepared differently for viewing and counting increments, were compared. Increment counts do not imply age in days, because this was not validated. One statolith from each pair was examined by light microscopy (LM) after preparation following a new method. The other was viewed by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) with a modified etching solution. Shape of each statolith was similar when compared by multiple regression analysis (11 variables, n=53). There was a weak but significant difference between sexes (statoliths of females were slightly larger). All other differences were insignificant. Microscopic observation and increment counts of increments were successfully carried out for 37 pairs of statoliths. Significant differences between two independent counts were found for the LM method, but no significant differences were found between two independent SEM counts. Counts were significantly different when interpreted by both LM and SEM, probably because of poor resolution in the LM readings and over-resolution (growth layers prominent and numerous) in those read by SEM. Recommendations are made on how ageing studies, based on statoliths, should be structured and the results evaluated.

Pollen morphology of Sabinaria magnifica (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Raul Bogota ◽  
Carina Hoorn ◽  
Wim Star ◽  
Rob Langelaan ◽  
Hannah Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sabinaria magnifica is so far the only known species in the recently discovered tropical palm genus Sabinaria (Arecaceae). Here we present a complete description of the pollen morphology of this palm species based on light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also made SEM-based comparisons of Sabinaria with other genera within the tribe Cryosophileae. Pollen grains of Sabinaria magnifica resemble the other genera in the heteropolar, slightly asymmetric monads, and the monosulcate and tectate exine with perforate surface. Nevertheless, there are some clear differences with Thrinax, Chelyocarpus and Cryosophila in terms of aperture and exine. S. magnifica differs from its closest relative, Itaya amicorum, in the exine structure. This study shows that a combination of microscope techniques is essential for the identification of different genera within the Cryosophileae and may also be a necessary when working with other palynologically less distinct palm genera. 

scholarly journals Spinnerets and silk-producing system of Segestria senoculata (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Segestriidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karschová ◽  
J. Hajer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

The spinning apparatus and silk of <em>Segestria senoculata</em> were studied with the use of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, which confirmed the presence of four categories of spigots connected with four types of spinning glands (<em>i.e</em>., <em>Glandulae ampullaceae major, Glandulae ampullaceae minor, Glandulae piriformes and Glandulae pseudaciniformes</em>). New data about the morphology of spinnerets and spigots were obtained for both the adults and nymphal stages of both sexes. For the first time the silken threads of retreats, signal threads and attachment discs of the members of <em>Segestria</em> were subjected to a detailed SEM study. The data resulting from studying the spinning apparatus of <em>S. senoculata</em> was compared to current knowledge of the silk producing systems of families belonging to the Dysderoidea superfamily. Silks that are emitted from spigots in the course of retreat construction are not (similarly to the other dysderoids) processed by the spider’s legs during the subsequent process of hardening. Apart from the major ampullate glands/spigots, segestriids also possess developed minor ampullate glands. Minor ampullate threads are used by <em>S. senoculata</em> spiders when making their signal threads.

Pollen morphology of the Myrtaceae. Part 4: tribes Kanieae, Myrteae and Tristanieae

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Thornhill ◽  
Geoff S. Hope ◽  
Lyn A. Craven ◽  
Michael D. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pollen morphology of 44 genera and 101 species from the Myrtaceae tribes Kanieae, Myrteae and Tristanieae was surveyed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Most Myrteae pollen were brevicolpate and granulate, which is unique within Myrtaceae, and these are most likely ancestral characters for this tribe. Two main pollen types were observed in tribe Kanieae, one form being with syncolpate colpi and a distinctive granulate exine, and the other with parasyncolpate colpi and a less ornamented exine. Genera Tristania and Thaleropia of tribe Tristanieae produce the smallest pollen in Myrtaceae, whereas Octamyrtus of tribe Myrteae produces the largest pollen observed in Myrtaceae.

Tissue Response to Vascular Prosthetic Materials

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 406-407
Author(s):  
R.J. Narconis ◽  
J.W. Spindler ◽  
L.J. Billy ◽  
S. Rana
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Prosthetic Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tissue response to three types of vascular prosthetic materials was evaluated by correlation of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Two clinically established materials, woven dacron and woven teflon, and an experimental material, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Goretex) were employed. They were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats and removed at time intervals ranging from 48 hours to 30 days. Half of the retrieved material was fixed in 10% formalin and examined by routine light microscopy. The other half was glutaraldehyde fixed and acetone/CO2 critical point dried, then examined by scanning electron microscopy.Prior to this study, the three materials were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy to establish topographic landmarks. The woven dacron had bundles of relatively large, rough fibers; the woven teflon had fibers of similar size but with a smooth surface; the PTFE, however, had a surface composed of fibers and pores only a few micra in diameter.

Inheritance of exine ornamentation and pollen shape in the interspecific tetraploid hybrids of Gloriosa

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 3134-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ravi kumar ◽  
P. K. K. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Pollen Shape ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of the pollen of three tetraploid (2n = 44) species, Gloriosa virescens Lindle, G. carsonii Baker, and G. richmondensis Hort., and three of their hybrids showed that the pollen in Gloriosa L. fundamentally consists of three pollen shape types, spheroidal, ellipsoidal, and spindle shaped, having monocolpate aperture and a striate exine ornamentation pattern. The three parental species can be differentiated from each other on the basis of pollen shape and their characteristic striate exine ornamentation. However, in all three hybrids the composition of pollen shape suggests maternal inheritance of the character. Furthermore, in each of the three hybrids, new exine ornamentation features have appeared which differ from those of the other hybrids and from their respective parents. All the pollen grains in each of the hybrids are uniform with the same characteristic exine ornamentation. They show no segregation of exine features into the parental categories, which would be expected if exine ornamentation was under sporophytic control. The potential of exine features as genetic markers in hybrids is discussed.

scholarly journals The first description of eggs in the male reproductive system of Physaloptera bispiculata (Nematoda: Spiruroidaea)

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oliveira-Menezes ◽  
A. Lanfredi-Rangel ◽  
R.M. Lanfredi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractPhysaloptera bispiculata (Nematoda: Spiruroidaea) is a parasite of Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae), a water rat that only occurs in Brazil. Naturally infected rodents were captured in the municipality of Rio Bonito, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Adult P. bispiculata worms were collected, prepared and analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Under scanning electron microscopy, several eggs were seen glued by cement to the cloacal aperture. Light microscopy revealed that some male worms had an uncountable number of embryonated eggs in the ejaculatory duct, cloaca and also in the posterior portion of the intestine. The probable explanation is that the eggs developing in the female uterus are pumped by the female or sucked by the male to the cloacal opening and from this point to the intestine and ejaculatory duct. The male probably does not have the ability to expel the eggs and for this reason a large number were found in these organs. On the other hand, this could be an important adaptation for the parasite, i.e. male worms expelled by the host can carry a large number of eggs and spread them to intermediate hosts when ingested by these hosts. As far as we know this is the first record of a physalopterid nematode harbouring eggs in the cloacal region, ejaculatory duct or intestine.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Examination of Schistosome Cercariae and Schistosomules by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
P. Moriearty
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Since several species of Schistosoma, or blood fluke, parasitize man, these trematodes have been subjected to extensive study. Light microscopy and conventional electron microscopy have yielded much information about the morphology of the various stages; however, scanning electron microscopy has been little utilized for this purpose. As the figures demonstrate, scanning microscopy is particularly helpful in studying at high resolution characteristics of surface structure, which are important in determining host-parasite relationships.

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