Ultrastructure des mitochondries des stomates de maïs; cas d'une ouverture photoactive

Gérard Lascève; Alain Vavasseur; Philippe Couchat; Liliane Pellegrini; Max Pellegrini

doi:10.1139/b87-255

Ultrastructure des mitochondries des stomates de maïs; cas d'une ouverture photoactive

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b87-255 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (9) ◽

pp. 1861-1869 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gérard Lascève ◽

Alain Vavasseur ◽

Philippe Couchat ◽

Liliane Pellegrini ◽

Max Pellegrini

Keyword(s):

Resting State ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Stomatal Opening ◽

Experimental Chamber ◽

Stomatal Complex ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Night Period ◽

Inverse Pattern

Young intact maize plants were placed in an experimental chamber specially designed to allow continuous measurement of transpiration and photosynthetic rates in defined environmental conditions. After two circadian periods, leaf samples were collected at the end of the night period and after 150 min of light exposure. Samples were immediately immersed in fixative bath and prepared for ultrastructural examination. In darkness, when stomata were closed, most of the observed guard cell mitochondria exhibited the characteristic morphology of the resting state, while the others appeared in the respiring state. In subsidiary cells, the distribution showed an inverse pattern. After photoactive stomatal opening, all mitochondria of the guard cells were in the resting state 3 configuration, but in subsidiary cells they were in active state 4 configuration. These differences in mitochondrial ultrastructure corresponding to their location in guard cells or subsidiary cells during photoactive stomatal opening provide information about energy expenditure in the cells of the stomatal complex. Subsidiary cells appear to play a role more important than merely an ionic reservoir.

Download Full-text

Differential expression of K+ channels between guard cells and subsidiary cells within the maize stomatal complex

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-005-0038-6 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 222 (6) ◽

pp. 968-976 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Kai Büchsenschütz ◽

Irene Marten ◽

Dirk Becker ◽

Katrin Philippar ◽

Peter Ache ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Stomatal Complex ◽

K Channels ◽

Subsidiary Cells

Download Full-text

The stomatal complex of Persea borbonia

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b90-320 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 2543-2547 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. Herbert Edwards

Keyword(s):

Guard Cells ◽

Subsidiary Cell ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Stomatal Complex ◽

Sassafras Albidum ◽

Persea Borbonia ◽

Slot Opening ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Ventral Wall ◽

Cytoplasmic Continuity

The ultrastructure of the guard cell complex of Persea borbonia is described. The guard cells are embedded in the midregion of the ventral wall of subsidiary cells. The outer portions of the subsidiary cell wall is extensively thickened forming a domelike structure with a large slot opening projecting above the stomatal aperture. The outer walls of epidermal cells are also extensively thickened. The fused ventral cell walls have perforations resulting in cytoplasmic continuity between guard cells. The guard cells and subsidiary cells contain normal cytoplasmic constituents, including chloroplasts. Preliminary studies of three other Lauraceae species, Persea americana, Sassafras albidum, and Laurus nobilis, indicate a similarly structured stomatal complex.

Download Full-text

Stomatal rings: structure, functions and origin

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/boaa096 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anatoly Pautov ◽

Svetlana Bauer ◽

Olga Ivanova ◽

Elena Krylova ◽

Olga Yakovleva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Method ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Structural Elements ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Stomatal Complex ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Characteristic Features

Abstract Stomatal rings are structural elements of stomata of some flowering plants, being found in various groups of eudicots. The presence of a stomatal ring on a stoma does not depend on stomatal complex types, dimensions of stomata or their density. The guard cells of these stomata lie on the subsidiary cells. The location of the outer ledges on the outer tangential walls of the guard cells and the position of the stomatal rings on the guard cell walls around the outer ledges or on the outer ledges themselves are also among the characteristic features of these stomata. To elucidate the role of the stomatal rings we applied modelling using the finite-element method. The modelling has shown that the outer ledges prevent movements of the outer tangential walls of the guard cells and stimulate movements of the inner tangential walls and the immersion of the opening stomatal pore in the epidermis. Stomatal rings can enhance this effect. They also prevent the movements of the outer ledges and the widening of the stomatal aperture between them during stoma opening. This type of stomata occurs in evergreen plants growing in diverse conditions.

Download Full-text

A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010007271x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 454-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Dayanandan ◽

P. B. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Electron Microscope Study ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽

Psilotum Nudum ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽

Cycas Revoluta ◽

Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

Download Full-text

ONTOGENY OF STOMATA IN SOME CRUCIFERAE

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b67-050 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 495-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

G. S. Paliwal

Keyword(s):

Guard Cells ◽

Vertical Division ◽

Subsidiary Cells

The ontogeny of stomata was investigated in 12 species of Cruciferae. The three subsidiary cells as well as the guard cells originate from the same protodermal cell and thus the ontogeny conforms to the syndetocheilic type. The mature stomata are anisocytic. Sometimes, the subsidiary cells undergo a transverse and (or) vertical division and the mature stoma shows four to five subsidiary cells.

Download Full-text

Overexpression of Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase in Guard Cells Enhances Light-Induced Stomatal Opening, Photosynthesis, and Plant Growth in Hybrid Aspen

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.766037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shigeo Toh ◽

Naoki Takata ◽

Eigo Ando ◽

Yosuke Toda ◽

Yin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Gus Expression ◽

Stomatal Opening ◽

Wild Type ◽

Exchange System ◽

Gas Exchange System

Stomata in the plant epidermis open in response to light and regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration for uptake of water and nutrients from roots. Light-induced stomatal opening is mediated by activation of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in guard cells. Overexpression of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells promotes light-induced stomatal opening, enhancing photosynthesis and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, transgenic hybrid aspens overexpressing Arabidopsis PM H+-ATPase (AHA2) in guard cells under the strong guard cell promoter Arabidopsis GC1 (AtGC1) showed enhanced light-induced stomatal opening, photosynthesis, and growth. First, we confirmed that AtGC1 induces GUS expression specifically in guard cells in hybrid aspens. Thus, we produced AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic hybrid aspens and confirmed expression of AHA2 in AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic plants. In addition, AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic plants showed a higher PM H+-ATPase protein level in guard cells. Analysis using a gas exchange system revealed that transpiration and the photosynthetic rate were significantly increased in AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic aspen plants. AtGC1::AHA2 transgenic plants showed a>20% higher stem elongation rate than the wild type (WT). Therefore, overexpression of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells promotes the growth of perennial woody plants.

Download Full-text

Inhibition of stomatal opening during uptake of carbohydrates by guard cells in isolated epidermal tissues

Planta ◽

10.1007/bf00387143 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 167-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. Dittrich ◽

M. Mayer

Keyword(s):

Guard Cells ◽

Stomatal Opening

Download Full-text

Fossil flowers and leaves of the Ebenaceae from the Eocene of southern Australia

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b85-258 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (10) ◽

pp. 1825-1843 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

James F. Basinger ◽

David C. Christophel

Keyword(s):

Guard Cells ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Fossil Leaves ◽

Extant Species ◽

Late Tertiary ◽

The Family ◽

Fossil Flowers ◽

Subsidiary Cells ◽

Clay Lenses ◽

Coal Measures

Numerous flowers and a diverse assemblage of leaves are mummified in clay lenses in the base of the Demons Bluff Formation overlying the Eastern View Coal Measures. Fossil localities occur in the Alcoa of Australia open cut near Anglesea, Victoria, Australia. Flowers are tubular, less than 10 mm long, and about 5 mm wide. Four sepals are connate forming a cup-shaped calyx. Four petals are fused in their basal third and alternate with sepals. Flowers are all unisexual and staminate. Stamens are epipetalous and consistently 16 in number, arranged in 8 radial pairs. Pollen is subprolate, tricolporate, and about 32 μm in diameter. The exine is smooth to slightly scabrate. A rudimentary ovary occurs in some flowers. Sepals usually have a somewhat textureless abaxial cuticle with actinocytic stomata. Some sepals, however, have frill-like cuticular thickenings over some abaxial epidermal cells and some subsidiary cells with pronounced papillae overarching guard cells. One of the more common leaf types found associated with the flowers is characterized by the same peculiar cuticular thickenings and overarching papillae on subsidiary cells that occur on sepals. This cuticular similarity indicates that flowers and leaves represent a single taxon. Leaves are highly variable in size and shape but are consistently entire margined, with pinnate, brochidodromous venation. The suite of features characterizing the flowers is unique to the Ebenaceae. Flowers of many extant species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) closely resemble the fossil flowers. Fossil leaves, too, are typical of leaves of extant Diospyros. Both flowers and leaves are considered conspecific and have been assigned the name Austrodiospyros cryptostoma gen. et sp. nov. The Anglesea fossils represent one of the earliest well-documented occurrences of the Ebenaceae and are the earliest known remains of Ebenaceae from Australia. They support the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for the family with late Tertiary diversification in the Malesian region.

Download Full-text

Cytokinin- and auxin-induced stomatal opening involves a decrease in levels of hydrogen peroxide in guard cells of Vicia faba

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp05232 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 573 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Xi-Gui Song ◽

Xiao-Ping She ◽

Jun-Min He ◽

Chen Huang ◽

Tu-sheng Song

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽

Stomatal Opening ◽

Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽

Diphenylene Iodonium ◽

The Relationship ◽

Exogenous H2o2

Previous studies have shown that cytokinins and auxins can induce the opening of stomata. However, the mechanism of stomatal opening caused by cytokinins and auxins remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in guard cells and stomatal opening induced by cytokinins and auxins in Vicia faba. By means of stomatal bioassay and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we provide evidence that cytokinins and auxins reduced the levels of H2O2 in guard cells and induced stomatal opening in darkness. Additionally, cytokinins not only reduced exogenous H2O2 levels in guard cells caused by exposure to light, but also abolished H2O2 that had been generated during a dark period, and promoted stomatal opening, as did ascorbic acid (ASA, an important reducing substrate for H2O2 removal). However, unlike cytokinins, auxins did not reduce exogenous H2O2, did not abolish H2O2 that had been generated in the dark, and therefore did not promote reopening of stoma induced to close in the dark. The above-mentioned effects of auxins were similar to that of diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of the H2O2-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase). Taken together our results indicate that cytokinins probably reduce the levels of H2O2 in guard cells by scavenging, whereas auxins limit H2O2 levels through restraining H2O2 generation, inducing stomatal opening in darkness.

Download Full-text