Diversity for virulence in a sexually reproducing population of Puccinia coronata

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 994-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Al-Kherb ◽  
A. P. Roelfs ◽  
J. V. Groth
Keyword(s):  
Infection Type ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Type Classes ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Diversity for virulence in a sexually reproducing population of Puccinia coronata Cda. was studied among isolates collected at three distances from a buckthorn hedge at six sampling periods during the summer. Among 360 isolates, 155 distinct phenotypes were identified on 28 differential oat cultivars. About 60% of the phenotypes were represented by a single isolate. The number of phenotypes found decreased with time and distance from the hedge. Host responses were classified into low (0 and 0;), intermediate (1 and 2), and high (3 and 4) infection type classes. The Shannon–Wiener index of diversity decreased with distance from the buckthorn hedge from 2.58 at the 1-m site to 1.35 at the 10-m site and decreased with time from 3.42 in the second to 2.71 in the sixth sampling period. The mean number of virulence differences among phenotypes in each collection ranged from 4 to 12 with 28 hosts. Both distance and time contributed significantly to the decrease in Shannon–Wiener index and number of phenotypes in multiple regression analyses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a random access analyser: BM/Hitachi 911

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Taweesook Kanluan ◽  
Surapon Tangvarasittichai ◽  
Orathai Tangvarasittichai
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carry Over

The performance of Boehringer Mannheim's BM/Hitachi 911 was evaluated for three months. The mean coeffcient of variation (CV) of the within-run and between-run imprecision of the 16 analytes were less than 1.16% (range 0.47-2.38%) and 1.35% (range 0.62-2.93,%), respectively. A linearity study for the various assays covered clinically important levels. No relevant drift was observed during an eight-hour assay nor was any sample-related carry-over detected. In all cases, the regression analyses (slopes) of the results obtainedfrom BM/Hitachi 911 and 717 were between the extreme values of 0.94 and 1.05. During the three months of operation, no major problem was encountered. The BM/Hitachi 911 was found to be easily operated, to require minimal attention and simple daily maintenance during operation.

scholarly journals Fishing effects on elasmobranchs from the Pacific Coast of Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Felipe Navia ◽  
Paola Andrea Mejía-Falla
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Average Catch ◽  
Index Of Diversity

<p>During 1995, 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2007; we studied the temporal variation in the structure of the elasmobranch assemblage along the Colombian Pacific coast using: the community index of diversity, heterogeneity, equitability, species composition, average catch sizes, and mean trophic levels. A total of 1 711 specimens from 19 species<br />(7 sharks and 12 rays) were collected during the 90 trawling operations. The number of species captured varied between 7 (1995) and 12 (2007) demonstrating a trend towards an imbalance in the assemblage attributes. In 1995, the mean trophic level (TLm) of the assemblage was 3.60, but in 2007 it decreased to 3.55 when the functional level of large predators was absent (TL ≥ 4). These results suggest changes in species composition, structural attributes, and a reduction of the highest functional level. Alterations to the catch proportions were also found: i.e. a greater abundance of rays of lower trophic levels. This study suggests an effect of trawling on the stability of this tropical coastal ecosystem.</p>

scholarly journals Influence on attitudes and lifestyle due to lockdown amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a perception-based analysis among Bangladeshi residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Asad Ullah ◽  
Ummay Soumayia Islam ◽  
Sahadat Hossain ◽  
Yusha Araf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background Countrywide lockdown or stay-at-home order has been implemented to slow down the transmission of emergent coronavirus. However, the influence on attitudes and lifestyle due to lockdown amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the influence on attitudes and lifestyle due to lockdown amidst the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi residents. Methods A cross-sectional survey carried out involving 1635 community dwellers across eight divisions in Bangladesh conducted from April 15, 2020 to May 10, 2020. A structured questionnaire incorporating socio-demographic, attitudes towards lockdown and adverse lifestyle amidst lockdown measures was employed to collect data using the Google Forms. Multiple regression analyses were executed to determine the associated factors of positive attitudes towards lockdown and adverse lifestyle. Results The mean scores of attitudes towards lockdown were 67.9 (SD = 8.4) out of 85 with an overall correct rate (positive attitudes) of 79.9%; whereas the mean scores of adverse lifestyle amidst lockdown were 16.1 (SD = 4.8) out of 34 with an overall rate of 47.4%. The factors associated with more positive attitudes towards lockdown included being female, divorced, higher educated, and students. Conversely, being male, having no formal education, and rural residence were associated factors of adverse lifestyle amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The findings reflect how the COVID-19 lockdown has preciously impacted the attitudes, and lifestyle of Bangladeshi citizens, which will contribute to promoting appropriate measures during a subsequent zonal or complete lockdown.

Calving dates and subsequent intercalving intervals in New Zealand beef herds

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Morris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTThe calving dates of spring-calving cows in New Zealand Angus and Hereford herds, taken from 350 and 240 herd-years respectively, and the intercalving intervals (CI) of cows in 95 Angus and 73 Hereford herds have been summarized. The relationships of each CI with the calving date which initiated it were also analysed. Results for each breed were analysed taking account of district, herd, year and cow age (in years), a total of 35 890 Angus and 22 397 Hereford records being used. The first-calving date (FCD) was identified for each herd-year, and 0·82 of Angus and 0·75 of Hereford cows were recorded as calving within 60 days of the FCD. On a herd basis, proportionately only 0·27 of Angus and 0·15 of Hereford herds had calving spreads of 80 days or less (defined as the time from the FCD to the last calving date). With barren years ignored, the CIs of cows averaged 370 days (Angus) and 368 days (Hereford). Two-year-old cows had on average a CI of 12 (Angus) or 7 days (Hereford) longer in 1974-75 than older cows, and the differences were both 12 days in 1975-76. Regression analyses showed that, on average, the later the calving date within a herd-year and age group, the shorter the subsequent CI. For cows calving early in the first year, the CI increased by 7 days for Angus and 5·4 days for Herefords for each 10 days before the mean calving date for the breed. There were significant effects of district and cow age on the regression estimates. The overall regressions were not consistent with those derived from British beef industry data.

scholarly journals Soft drinks consumption, diet quality and BMI in a Mediterranean population

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 778-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Balcells ◽  
Mario Delgado-Noguera ◽  
Ricardo Pardo-Lozano ◽  
Taïs Roig-González ◽  
Anna Renom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diet Score

AbstractObjectivesEvidence of the effects of soft drinks consumption on BMI and lifestyle in adult populations is mixed and quite limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of soft drinks consumption with BMI and lifestyle in a representative Mediterranean population.DesignTwo independent, population-based, cross-sectional (2000 and 2005) studies. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. Weight and height were measured.SettingGirona, Spain.SubjectsRandom sample of the 35- to 74-year-old population (3910 men and 4285 women).ResultsLess than half (41·7 %) of the population consumed soft drinks; the mean consumption was 36·2 ml/d. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle increased with the frequency of soft drinks consumption (P = 0·025). Daily soft drinks consumption significantly increased the risk of low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR = 0·57, 95 % CI 0·44, 0·74 v. top tertile of Mediterranean diet score). Multiple linear regression analyses, controlled for potential confounders, revealed that an increment in soft drinks consumption of 100 ml was associated with a 0·21 kg/m2 increase in BMI (P = 0·001). Only implausibly low reports of energy consumption showed a null association between soft drinks consumption and BMI.ConclusionsSoft drinks consumption was not embedded in a healthy diet context and was positively associated with BMI and sedentary lifestyle in this Mediterranean population.

scholarly journals Extension Mechanism of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint of the Human Phalanx: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Junho Park ◽  
Chang-Hun Lee ◽  
Youngjin Choi ◽  
Il-Han Joo ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Extension Mechanism ◽  
Fresh Cadaver ◽  
Pip Joint ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
The Mean

Our purpose was to compare the contributions of these two systems to assess PIP joint extension in fresh cadaver models. Nine middle fingers of fresh cadavers were used. The PIP joint angle was measured while an extension load was applied on the extensor tendons. Specimens on which extension load was applied on the extrinsic extensors were classified as the extrinsic group, and those on which extension load was applied on the intrinsic extensors were classified as the intrinsic group. Linear regression analyses were performed to obtain regression equation and the extension load-PIP joint angle curve. The mean of slope of the curve was compared between the two groups using paired t-test. The same experiments were done for the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint in 0° and 60° flexion to evaluate the effect of MP joint flexion on PIP joint extension. The mean slope of the extension load-PIP joint angle curve of the extrinsic group was significantly greater than that of the intrinsic group. With the MP joint in 0° flexion, the mean slope of the extrinsic and intrinsic groups was -0.148 and -0.117, respectively (greater absolute value means greater slope, p=0.01). With the MP joint in 60° flexion, the mean slopes were -0.147 and -0.104, respectively (p=0.015). The contribution of the intrinsic extensor for PIP joint extension shows decreasing trends with MP joint flexion. The extrinsic extensors have greater contribution for PIP joint extension compared with the intrinsic extensors.

Condition bias of hunter-shot mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Greenwood ◽  
Robert G. Clark ◽  
Patrick J. Weatherhead
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Band Recovery

We tested the hypothesis that hunters using decoys disproportionately shot ducks in poor condition. We compared weights of 316 hunter-shot mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with those of 156 mallards we collected by jump or pass shooting at a roost. Data were subdivided by age, sex, and sampling period. In support of the hypothesis, in 11 of 12 comparisons, hunter-shot ducks weighed less than ducks collected at the roost and those differences were significant for five of the seven largest samples. Also consistent with the hypothesis, weights of hunter-shot birds were less variable than weights of birds collected at the roost in 9 of 12 comparisons. Through the fall collection period, the mean weight of ducks shot by hunters remained constant, while the weight of ducks sampled at the roost increased by 5.4%. Our results support the argument that caution must be exercised when using data from hunter-shot waterfowl for management programs based on band-recovery analysis or for any other purpose for which a condition bias could influence the interpretation of those data.

scholarly journals Host Range and Alternate Host of a Puccinia coronata Population from Smooth Brome Grass

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Delgado ◽  
C. R. Grau ◽  
M. D. Casler
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Brome Grass

A rust fungus was observed on smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) leaves growing in the fields of the University of Wisconsin (UW) Agricultural Research Station at Arlington, WI. The population (WPc-95A) was classified as Puccinia coronata Corda. Reports of P. coronata on B. inermis are rare, so a study of the pathogen host range, alternate host, and morphology of urediniospores and teliospores was undertaken. Fourteen grass species representing 10 genera were inoculated with P. coronata WPc-95A, which was maintained with repeated inoculations on B. inermis cv. PL-BDR1. Seventy-two 30-day-old seedlings of B. inermis were inoculated with urediniospores of the fungus. Infection type, pustule density, and disease incidence were recorded 15 days after inoculation. The same grass cultivars were also inoculated with aecio-spores collected from Rhamnus cathartica L. located on the UW campus. To test for host specificity, urediniospores produced on aeciospore-susceptible grass species were used to reinoculate plants of B. inermis and the host species from which the urediniospores were derived. B. inermis, B. riparius Rehm., Festuca pratensis Huds., and Lolium perenne L. were susceptible to P. coronata WPc-95A. The two Bromus spp. had the highest disease incidence. R. cathartica was found to be an alternate host of P. coronata WPc-95A, as it is for P. coronata isolates found on F. pratensis. However, cross-inoculations with urediniospores from R. cathartica-derived aeciospore infections indicated that only urediniospores of B. inermis origin were capable of infecting B. inermis. Thus, P. coronata WPc-95A appears to belong to a forma speciales previously undescribed in North America.

Relative economic importance of some wool quality traits for Merino and crossbred wool types

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Mullaney ◽  
ID Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Economic Weights ◽  
Australian Wool ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

The economic weights of various quality traits of both Merino and crossbred wool types hive been estimated. Australian averages of clean wool prices for Australian Wool Board wool types, into which mid-side samples of fleece were classified, have been used.For each of fifteen seasons, 1953-54 to 1967-68, the mean clean wool price for each wool type was expressed as a percentage of the mean wool price for all types in that season. Rank correlations for price-type means were high between seasons, varying between 0.91 and 0.98. Further analyses were therefore performed using prices averaged for the 15 seasons. Multiple regression analyses were carried out, the dependent variable being the mean price for each fleece type, expressed as a percentage of the average price of all types for al) seasons and the independent variables being the measurement of fibre diameter, crimps per inch and length, and the subjective gradings of colour, handle, character, and quality number. For both Merino and crossbred wool types, the major determinants of price were quality number, colour, and handle, with quality number being of overwhelming importance. The remaining variables were not important as joint determinants of price, and were deleted from the analyses. Quality number, colour, and handle controlled about 81 and 86 per cent of the variation in price for Merino and crossbred wool types. It is likely that most progress in selection for wool production would be made by incorporating these findings into a selection index.

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