Condition bias of hunter-shot mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Greenwood ◽  
Robert G. Clark ◽  
Patrick J. Weatherhead
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Band Recovery

We tested the hypothesis that hunters using decoys disproportionately shot ducks in poor condition. We compared weights of 316 hunter-shot mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with those of 156 mallards we collected by jump or pass shooting at a roost. Data were subdivided by age, sex, and sampling period. In support of the hypothesis, in 11 of 12 comparisons, hunter-shot ducks weighed less than ducks collected at the roost and those differences were significant for five of the seven largest samples. Also consistent with the hypothesis, weights of hunter-shot birds were less variable than weights of birds collected at the roost in 9 of 12 comparisons. Through the fall collection period, the mean weight of ducks shot by hunters remained constant, while the weight of ducks sampled at the roost increased by 5.4%. Our results support the argument that caution must be exercised when using data from hunter-shot waterfowl for management programs based on band-recovery analysis or for any other purpose for which a condition bias could influence the interpretation of those data.

scholarly journals Trends in incidence rate, health care use, and costs due to rib fractures in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonne T. H. Prins ◽  
Mathieu M. E. Wijffels ◽  
Sophie M. Wooldrik ◽  
Martien J. M. Panneman ◽  
Michael H. J. Verhofstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Work Absence ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to examine population-based trends in the incidence rate, health care consumption, and work absence with associated costs in patients with rib fractures. Methods A retrospective nationwide epidemiologic study was performed with data from patients with one or more rib fractures presented or admitted to a hospital in the Netherlands between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 and have been registered in the Dutch Injury Surveillance System (DISS) or the Hospital Discharge Registry (HDR). Incidence rates were calculated using data from Statistics Netherlands. The associated direct health care costs, costs for lost productivity, and years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated using data from a questionnaire. Results In the 4-year study period, a total of 32,124 patients were registered of which 19,885 (61.9%) required hospitalization with a mean duration of 7.7 days. The incidence rate for the total cohort was 47.1 per 100,000 person years and increased with age. The mean associated direct health care costs were €6785 per patient and showed a sharp increase after the age of 75 years. The mean duration of work absence was 44.2 days with associated mean indirect costs for lost productivity of €22,886 per patient. The mean YLD was 0.35 years and decreased with age. Conclusion Rib fractures are common and associated with lengthy HLOS and work absenteeism as well as high direct and indirect costs which appear to be similar between patients with one or multiple rib fractures and mostly affected by admitted patients and age.

scholarly journals Serum C-reactive protein metabolite (CRPM) is associated with incidence of contralateral knee osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Christine Bay-Jensen ◽  
Asger Bihlet ◽  
Inger Byrjalsen ◽  
Jeppe Ragnar Andersen ◽  
Bente Juhl Riis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Iii ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe heterogeneous nature of osteoarthritis (OA) and the need to subtype patients is widely accepted in the field. The biomarker CRPM, a metabolite of C-reactive protein (CRP), is released to the circulation during inflammation. Blood CRPM levels have shown to be associated with disease activity and response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the level of blood CRPM in OA compared to RA using data from two phase III knee OA and two RA studies (N = 1591). Moreover, the association between CRPM levels and radiographic progression was investigated. The mean CRPM levels were significantly lower in OA (8.5 [95% CI 8.3–8.8] ng/mL, n = 781) compared to the RA patients (12.8 [9.5–16.0] ng/mL, n = 60); however, a significant subset of OA patients (31%) had CRPM levels (≥ 9 ng/mL) comparable to RA. Furthermore, OA patients (n = 152) with CRPM levels ≥ 9 ng/mL were more likely to develop contra-lateral knee OA assessed by X-ray over a two-year follow-up period with an odds ratio of 2.2 [1.0–4.7]. These data suggest that CRPM is a blood-based biochemical marker for early identification OA patients with an inflammatory phenotype.

POSTPARTUM AMENORRHOEA IN RURAL EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
K. N. S. YADAVA ◽  
S. K. JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Current Status Data ◽  
North India ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

This paper calculates the mean duration of the postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA) and examines its demographic, and socioeconomic correlates in rural north India, using data collected through 'retrospective' (last but one child) as well as 'current status' (last child) reporting of the duration of PPA.The mean duration of PPA was higher in the current status than in the retrospective data;n the difference being statistically significant. However, for the same mothers who gave PPA information in both the data sets, the difference in mean duration of PPA was not statistically significant. The correlates were identical in both the data sets. The current status data were more complete in terms of the coverage, and perhaps less distorted by reporting errors caused by recall lapse.A positive relationship of the mean duration of PPA was found with longer breast-feeding, higher parity and age of mother at the birth of the child, and the survival status of the child. An inverse relationship was found with higher education of a woman, higher education of her husband and higher socioeconomic status of her household, these variables possibly acting as proxies for women's better nutritional status.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS ELIGIBLE FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Aparecida Nogueira de Almeida RIBEIRO ◽  
Helenice Brizolla GIAMPIETRO ◽  
Lídia Barbieri BELARMINO ◽  
Wilson SALGADO-JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Binge Eating Scale ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background: The psychologist who works in bariatric surgery has a role to receive, evaluate, prepare and educate the patient who will undergo the surgical procedure. Psychological evaluation becomes important in so far as allows us to obtain data on personal and familiar history and allow tracing of possible psychopathology. Aim: To collect data on psychological evaluations of patients in a bariatric surgery service of a public hospital in order to describe the psychological profile of patients in this service. Method: Data were collected from 827 patients between 2001 and 2015, using data from an interview, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Binge Eating Scale (BES). Results: The mean age of patients before surgery was 39 years+/- 10, the mean BMI was 51 kg/m²+7, and most patients (81%) were female. The average score on the BDI was 14.8+8 and women had significantly higher scores than men. On the BAI the average score was 11+8 and on the ECAP was 14+8, both with no difference between groups. Conclusions: Psychosocial characteristics of the patients points to the significant presence of indicators of depression, with low levels of anxiety and binge eating.

scholarly journals Statistical studies of duration of low-power solar flares

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Александр Боровик ◽  
Aleksandr Borovik ◽  
Антон Жданов ◽  
Anton Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Flare Region ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

This paper is a sequel to papers dealing with time parameters of solar flares in the Hα line. Using data from the international flare patrol for 1972–2010, we have determined the mean duration of flares of different importance and classes of area. We have established that 94.6 % of flares last more than 60 min. The duration of 90 % of flares with min is 2.1–3.3 hrs. In rare cases, flares can last about 12 hrs. The duration of powerful solar flares does not exceed 8.3 hrs. We have found that the duration of solar flares depends on features of their development. Flares with one brilliant point in the flare region have the shortest duration; two-ribbon flares and flares exhibiting several intensity maxima have the longest duration. We have confirmed that the duration of flares increases with increasing classes of area and brightness.

scholarly journals Attenuation of peak ground accelerations in some recent New Zealand earthquakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Dowrick ◽  
S. Sritharan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Peak Ground Accelerations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Event Based

The attenuation of peak ground accelerations was studied for eight New Zealand earthquakes which occurred in the period 1987 to 1991. These events were of medium size with moment magnitudes in the range Mw = 5.8 - 6.7, with depth to centroids of the fault rupture ranging from 4 to 60 km. Attenuation of peak ground accelerations was examined for each event, based on the slope distance from the rupture surface to each strong motion data site. The mean regression attenuation curve for each event was compared with those derived by others using data sets from other parts of the world, allowance being made for source mechanism and depth. Excepting the 1988 Te Anau event, the other seven New Zealand events as a set closely match a Japanese model, but give significantly stronger accelerations than those predicted by the models from western USA and Europe.

scholarly journals Does Access to Modern Marketing Channels Improve Dairy Enterprises’ Efficiency? A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Sana Sadaf ◽  
Khalid Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

The main objective of this study is to investigate how access to modern marketing channels impacts the efficiency of dairy enterprises. Using data on dairy farms in central Punjab (Sargodha), we carry out a nonparametric data envelopment analysis to measure their technical and scale efficiencies. The results show that, for the sample dairy enterprises, the mean technical efficiency under variable returns to scale was 0.89 while scale efficiency was 0.94. The results of a follow-on regression analysis support the hypothesis that the access to modern marketing channels, where payment for fresh milk is based on measured milk quality (fat content), improved efficiency. We find that efficiency is positively affected by the size of dairy operations, and negatively by the size of operational land area. Moreover, dairy enterprises with smaller herds tend to operate at a suboptimal scale, possibly due to credit and/or land constraints.

scholarly journals Number of long-term inpatients in Japanese psychiatric care beds: trend analysis from the Patient Survey and the 630 Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsushi Okayama ◽  
Kentaro Usuda ◽  
Emi Okazaki ◽  
Yoshio Yamanouchi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Decrease ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

Abstract BackgroundThe number of psychiatric care beds and the mean length of stay in psychiatric care beds in Japan have decreased over the past 10 years. However, as has long been indicated here and elsewhere, Japan lags behind other countries in terms of deinstitutionalization. Furthermore, the population of inpatients in psychiatric care beds is aging dramatically. In addition to the diversification of mental illness, the question of what measures to implement going forward regarding current psychiatric bed resources has emerged as a new challenge.MethodsUsing data from the Patient Survey and the 630 Survey, we examined trends in the number of long-term inpatients in psychiatric care beds in Japan through 2040. Population estimation was used for estimating long-term hospital bed demand because of small fluctuations in the admission and discharge of long-term inpatients.ResultsIn 2017, nearly one-third of all long-term hospitalized patients were aged ≥75 years, and an estimated 47% of the total are expected to die by 2040. Thus, the overall demand for long-term hospitalization is forecast to decrease sharply due to aging of currently hospitalized long-term inpatients. The number of long-term inpatients in 2017 was 167,579, and this is projected to decrease to 103,141 in 2040.ConclusionsWe believe it is necessary to adopt a multifaceted approach to promote hospital discharge and transition to the community, and to address the diversification of mental illness and the issue of psychiatric care bed supply/availability, which are forecast to decrease due to the natural decrease in long-term inpatients.

scholarly journals Investigation of Changes of the Kinematic Parameters of Antarctic Tectonic Plate Using Data Observations of Permanent GNSS Stations

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornylii Tretyak ◽  
Al-Alusi Forat ◽  
Yurii Holubinka
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Euler Pole ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Gnss Permanent Stations ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract The paper describes a modified algorithm of determination of the Euler pole coordinates and angular velocity of the tectonic plate, considering the continuous and uneven distribution of daily measurements of GNSS permanent stations. Using developed algorithm were determined the mean position of Euler pole and angular velocity of Antarctic tectonic plate and their annual changes. As the input data, we used the results of observations, collected on 28 permanent stations of the Antarctic region, within the period from 1996 to 2014.

On Describing an Incidence Sample

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwyneth M. Boodoo
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Variance Estimates

Parameters used to describe an incidence sample are estimated using the theory of generalized symmetric means and generalizability theory. The former is used to compute estimates of the mean and variance components in an ANOVA framework, while the latter is used in obtaining generalizability coefficients. Standard errors of the variance estimates are obtained. The procedure is illustrated using data from two competency-based tests given to eighth grade students in mathematics and reading.

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