Distribution of uranium series radionuclides in upland vegetation of northern Saskatchewan. II. Patterns of accumulation among species and localities

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2453-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
River Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Saskatchewan ◽  
Canonical Variates ◽  
Stable Elements ◽  
Lead 210

Multivariate methods are used to explore patterns of accumulation of radionuclides and stable elements among 10 plant species at four localities in northern Saskatchewan. Principal components analysis and canonical correlation analysis of the radionuclides and stable elements showed that lead-210 and polonium-210 are correlated with crustal elements distributed in the atmosphere and therefore are accumulated more abundantly by lichen and moss species than by vascular plants. Uranium showed a similar trend. Neither these radionuclides nor radium-226 showed strong correlations with other stable elements. The highest accumulation of uranium was in the Wollaston Lake region, especially for the nonvascular plants, where the soil levels are lowest. This tends to substantiate previous suggestions that uranium available for uptake by vascular plants is associated with groundwater rather than soil particles. Canonical variates analysis on radionuclide levels in vegetation by species group shows that trees, shrubs, lichens, and moss all have significantly different patterns of accumulation. The vascular and nonvascular groups are separated primarily by lead-210 and polonium-210 accumulation. The trees and shrubs are separated by radium-226 levels. A similar analysis by locality showed significant differences in radionuclide accumulation by vegetation in all possible pairs of localities, except between the two Wollaston Lake localities. The largest distances were between regions and were based primarily on uranium accumulation in the nonvascular plants. Differences in radium-226 levels among the shrub species are responsible for the significant difference between the two localities in the Churchill River region.

Distribution of uranium series radionuclides in upland vegetation of northern Saskatchewan. I. Plant and soil concentrations

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2446-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Uranium Series ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Saskatchewan ◽  
Uranium Accumulation ◽  
Lead 210

Levels of lead-210, polonium-210, radium-226, and uranium are reported for 10 plant species (2 conifer, 4 shrub, 3 lichen, and 1 moss species) and soils in northern Saskatchewan. Two localities were studied in each of two regions, one uraniferous, the other not. Nonvascular species showed the highest levels of lead-210, polonium-210, and uranium, and the shrubs, the highest levels of radium-226. The lichen and moss species show no significant difference in accumulation of lead-210 and polonium-210 among regions, reflecting the assumed atmospheric distribution and particulate accumulation of these radionuclides. Seven of eight species for which comparisons could be made showed significant differences in uranium accumulation among regions. High levels in the lichen and moss species suggest that the primary source of uranium in these species is not directly from the soil. In contrast to the other radionuclides, radium-226 only showed significant differences among localities within regions, this being due to high accumulations occurring at one locality in the nonuraniferous region.

Long-term response of understory vegetation to stand density in Picea-Tsuga forests

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1522-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Alaback ◽  
F. R. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites

The 17-year response of understory vegetation to forest thinning experiments was examined in two study sites on the central Oregon coast to determine the role of overstory species composition and stand density on forest succession. At 6 months, no significant difference in shrub, herb, and moss species composition or abundance was detected between the two study sites. Seventeen years after treatment, however, the Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. site had much less vegetation cover and diversity than the Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. site. Overall response of most vascular species to thinning was insignificant because of their high variability in the medium and heavy treatments. Carpet-forming mosses were consistent in increasing their percent ground cover following thinning in the Picea site, and were the only species group to increase cover relative to initial conditions. Tsuga saplings were significantly more abundant under Picea canopies than under Tsuga canopies, probably because of the increased openness of Picea canopies. The increased abundance of saplings at both sites, particularly following heavy thinning, led to a two-layered overstory canopy and relatively less shrub and herb cover and diversity. Except for ferns, most plants that persisted had animal-dispersed seed. Thinning had little effect on the loss of understory species relative to the controls. Increases in diversity with thinning occurred primarily as the result of increased invasion by shade-tolerant species. Regardless of thinning treatment, only one-third or less of the original plant cover was maintained on study plots at stand age 30 years. Early thinnings without subsequent treatments are unlikely to maintain stable herb and shrub populations in forest types where the understory would otherwise be eliminated during the intermediate stages of stand development.

Return of the megaherbs: plant colonisation of derelict ANARE station buildings on sub-Antarctic Heard Island

Polar Record ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Whinam ◽  
P.M. Selkirk ◽  
A.J. Downing ◽  
Bruce Hull
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Plant Colonisation ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Heard Island ◽  
Antarctic Research

Buildings were constructed and artefacts left behind on sub-Antarctic Heard Island, associated with Antarctic research expeditions since 1926. Both bryophytes and vascular plants are colonising many parts of the now derelict buildings. On these structures and artefacts, the authors recorded four species of vascular plants out of the 11 that occur on Heard Island and nine species of mosses out of the 37 recorded from Heard Island. The vascular plant species most frequently recorded colonising structures and artefacts was Pringlea antiscorbutica (288 occurrences), with the area colonised varying from 0.3 cm2 to 430.0 cm2. Muelleriella crassifolia was the moss species that was most frequently recorded (14 occurrences), colonising areas from 2.1 cm2 to 12.9 cm2. The highest number of bryophyte species (seven) was recorded on the stone and cement of the ‘water tank.’ Pringlea antiscorbutica, Poa cookii, Azorella selago, Muelleriella crassifolia, Bryum dichotomum, Dicranoweisia brevipes and Schistidium apocarpum are all expected to continue to colonise the ANARE ruins, as well as areas that have become available since building removal and also possibly areas bared by further deglaciation.

scholarly journals O-methylated N-glycans Distinguish Mosses from Vascular Plants

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
David Stenitzer ◽  
Réka Mócsai ◽  
Harald Zechmeister ◽  
Ralf Reski ◽  
Eva L. Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Relation ◽  
Complex Type ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
First Finding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Terminal Mannose

In the animal kingdom, a stunning variety of N-glycan structures have emerged with phylogenetic specificities of various kinds. In the plant kingdom, however, N-glycosylation appears to be strictly conservative and uniform. From mosses to all kinds of gymno- and angiosperms, land plants mainly express structures with the common pentasaccharide core substituted with xylose, core α1,3-fucose, maybe terminal GlcNAc residues and Lewis A determinants. In contrast, green algae biosynthesise unique and unusual N-glycan structures with uncommon monosaccharides, a plethora of different structures and various kinds of O-methylation. Mosses, a group of plants that are separated by at least 400 million years of evolution from vascular plants, have hitherto been seen as harbouring an N-glycosylation machinery identical to that of vascular plants. To challenge this view, we analysed the N-glycomes of several moss species using MALDI-TOF/TOF, PGC-MS/MS and GC-MS. While all species contained the plant-typical heptasaccharide with no, one or two terminal GlcNAc residues (MMXF, MGnXF and GnGnXF, respectively), many species exhibited MS signals with 14.02 Da increments as characteristic for O-methylation. Throughout all analysed moss N-glycans, the level of methylation differed strongly even within the same family. In some species, methylated glycans dominated, while others had no methylation at all. GC-MS revealed the main glycan from Funaria hygrometrica to contain 2,6-O-methylated terminal mannose. Some mosses additionally presented very large, likewise methylated complex-type N-glycans. This first finding of the methylation of N-glycans in land plants mirrors the presumable phylogenetic relation of mosses to green algae, where the O-methylation of mannose and many other monosaccharides is a common trait.

scholarly journals Selecting Potential Moss Species for Green Roofs in the Mediterranean Basin

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho ◽  
Zulema Varela ◽  
Teresa Afonso do Paço ◽  
Cristina Branquinho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Selection Of

Green roofs are important infrastructures to address the effects of climate change in urban areas. However, most studies and applications have been done in cooler and wetter regions of the northern hemisphere. Climate change will lead to more extreme weather events, such as increased drought and decreased precipitation with intense flash rain events. Increase desertification is expected especially in the Mediterranean Basin, where in summer, radiation and temperature are high and water is scarce. Therefore, while vascular plants increase water consumption in green roofs during warmer periods, mosses present themselves as potential candidates due to their poikilohydric nature, responding to the environmental availability of water, completely drying out and recovering upon rehydration. Although criteria for the selection of vascular plants adapted to the Mediterranean and suitable for green roofs have been developed, no information is available regarding the selection of mosses based on scientific criteria. Here we propose selection criteria for moss species based on ecological preferences according to Ellenberg’s values and help to define moss traits suitable for a nonirrigated, nature-based green roof that tolerates the Mediterranean climate. The main result is a table of potential candidate mosses that can be either used as standalone or in conjunction with vascular plants to decrease water usage and/or manage stormwater through an easily applicable selection methodology. For green roof practitioners, we proposed that acrocarpous mosses exhibiting turf/cushion life forms and colonist or perennial life strategies best fit the requirements for such a green infrastructure in extreme climate regions with scarce water resources.

scholarly journals Mid-arm and Chest Circumferences for Estimating Low Birthweight

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Achmad Surjono
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

A prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of mid-arm and chest circumferences on low birth weights in 1033 singleton newborn infants. The proportion of low birth weight was 11.7%. Strong correlations on birth weight (P<0.001) were found for mid-arm (r-0.85) and chest (r=0.86) circumferences. A mid-arm circumference of ≤9,5 cm was considered as cut-off level for low birth weight, with a sensitivity of 0.818, specificity 0.956 and positive predictive value 0. 712. Whereas that of chest circumference wa ≤29.5 cm with a sensitivity of 0. 785, specificity 0.895 and positive predictive value 0.497. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare their diagnostic accuracy. The area under these two ROC(± SE) were 0.954 ± 0.011 for mid-arm and 0.945 ± 0.012 for chest circumferences, respectively. Both areas showed significant differences with the area under chance line. No statistically significant difference was found between the area under ROC of mid-arm and chest circumferences. The results showed that mid-arm and chest circumferences as simple and reliable measurements can be used in estimating low birth weight, in areas where the accurate weighing of newborn infants is not feasible.

scholarly journals A.L. Belgard and N.M. Matveev’s ecological and coenotical groups (coenomorphs) for the forest-steppe and steppe of the Volga River Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Nazar Nikolayevich Nazarenko ◽  
Sergey Mikhailovich Pokhlebayev
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Volga River ◽  
River Region

The paper examines the coenomorphs scheme of vascular plants species by A.L. Belgard which was introduced for the Volga River Region flora by N.M. Matveev. The coenomorphs scheme assessment has been done for 752 vascular plants species of flora by an expert and statistical approach, which included three variants of classification (by N.M. Matveev and by A.L. Belgard with halophyte and psammophyte groups identification and without it) with the use of discriminant analysis and phytoindication scales. It has been proved that it is possible to rate N.M. Matveevs coenomorphs in phytoindication scales for the forest-steppe and steppe of the Volga River Region. The biotope optimums of coenomorphs are identified for 12 edaphic and climatic factors. It is necessary to specify the halophyte coenomorph as a coenotical group of mesophytic biotopes of basic and alkaline soils with irregular and shallow moisture penetration of root zone and poor carbonate and sulphate salinization and specify the psammophyte coenomorph as a coenotical group of mesoxerophytic biotopes of subacid and poor nitrogen soils. The steppe-ruderal, meadow-ruderal and silvan-ruderal coenomorphs introduced by N.M. Matveev are not specific ecological and coenotical groups, they are not identified as ruderal and their identification as individual coenomorphs dont appear to have sufficient reasons. But these groups can be used as indicators of such biotopes: steppe on poor carbonate soils (steppe-ruderal group), mesophytic meadow (meadow-ruderal group), and not-shade (half-shade and half-light) sylvatic (silvan-ruderal group).

scholarly journals Correlation between the occlusal vertical dimension and the pupil rima oris distance among Sundanese population

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Emalina Akhma ◽  
Taufik Sumarsongko ◽  
Rasmi Rikmasari
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occlusal Vertical Dimension ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Correlation Statistic

Introduction: Among the most complex restorative challenges for a dentist is that related to determine the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Objective methods of determining the OVD offers significant advantages because no radiographs or other special measuring devices are required. Previous review said that the OVD is similar to the pupil-rima oris distance among the population of India. The purpose of this study was to compare whether there was differences between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance among Sundanese population. Method: This study was an analytical cross sectional approach. A total of fifty Sundanese students of Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran who have fulfilled all criteria were chosen randomly to be measured the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance. Result: Results showed that there was no significant difference between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance (α=5%). There were strong correlations between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance (p<0.05). An analysed with Spearman’s rank correlation statistic (α=5%) reveals that there was a significant difference between males and females in the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance. Conclusion: Based on the analysed data, we can conclude that there wass no significant difference between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance, thus, the pupil-rima oris distance can be suggested as an objective method to determine the length of OVD in Sundanese population.

scholarly journals The Validation of an Innovative Method for 3D Capture and Analysis of the Nasolabial Region in Cleft Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Ashraf Ayoub ◽  
Adil Khan ◽  
Ali Aldhanhani ◽  
Hashim Alnaser ◽  
Kurt Naudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
3D Images ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
3D Capture

Objective: To validate a newly developed method for capturing 3-dimensional (3D) images of the nasolabial region for assessing upper lip scarring and asymmetry in surgically managed unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) cases. Design: Validation study, single cohort. Materials and Methods: Eighteen surgically managed UCLP cases were recruited, the nasolabial region of each face was scanned using an intraoral scanner (IOS) to produce 3D images. The images were manually segmented to allow the calculation of surface area of the scar and upper lip asymmetry. Five professionals and 5 lay assessors subjectively evaluated the same images and graded the upper lip scarring and asymmetry at 2 separate occasions. The relationship between the subjective and objective assessments was evaluated. Results: Moderate correlation was found between subjective and objective evaluations of the upper lip scarring and total asymmetry. The captured 3D images were of good quality for the objective measurements of lip asymmetry and residual scarring. Moderate to strong correlations were detected between the 2 panels (T ranging between 0.5 and 0.9) with no significant difference ( P > .05) in the mean score of the subjectively evaluated parameters. Conclusion: The IOS is a useful tool for the capture of the nasolabial morphology. The captured 3D images are a reliable source for measuring lip asymmetry and scar surface area. The method has sufficient validity for routine clinical use and for objective outcome measures of the surgical repair of cleft lip.

The influence of simulated canopy light on the growth of six acrocarpous moss species

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1236-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hoddinott ◽  
John Bain
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Growth Chambers

Six moss species were grown in two growth chambers with similar environmental conditions except for their ç ratios (E660:E730). One chamber simulated a sunlit situation the other a subcanopy shade situation. Different growth responses were observed for several species in the two chambers, which were often in the opposite direction to observations made on vascular plants. The ç ratio may be an important factor in regulating the distribution of mosses in the natural environment.

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