The influence of simulated canopy light on the growth of six acrocarpous moss species

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1236-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hoddinott ◽  
John Bain
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Growth Chambers

Six moss species were grown in two growth chambers with similar environmental conditions except for their ç ratios (E660:E730). One chamber simulated a sunlit situation the other a subcanopy shade situation. Different growth responses were observed for several species in the two chambers, which were often in the opposite direction to observations made on vascular plants. The ç ratio may be an important factor in regulating the distribution of mosses in the natural environment.

‘He Brought the Cold Death on my Harandra’: The Cosmic Trilogy and the Ecotheology of Laudato si'

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Maria Poggi Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Divine Will ◽  
The Relationship

In his trilogy of space travel novels, published between 1938 and 1945, C.S. Lewis strikingly anticipates, and incarnates in imaginative form, the insights and concerns central to the modern discipline of ecotheology. The moral and spiritual battle that forms the plot of the novels is enacted and informed by the relationship between humans and the natural environment, Rebellion against, and alienation from, the Creator inevitably manifests in a violent and alienated attitude to creation, which is seen as something to be mastered and exploited. Lives and cultures in harmony with the divine will, on the other hand, are expressed in relationships of care and respect for the environment. The imaginative premise of the Trilogy is that of ecotheology; that the human relationships with God, neighbour, and earth and are deeply and inextricably intertwined.

scholarly journals An alternative to the rejection of observations

1932 ◽  
Vol 137 (831) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Continuous Function ◽  
Large Deviations ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cause Of Error ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Law ◽  
Usual Rule

1. It is widely felt that any method of rejecting observations with large deviations from the mean is open to some suspicion. Suppose that by some criterion, such as Peirce’s and Chauvenet’s, we decide to reject observations with deviations greater than 4 σ, where σ is the standard error, computed from the standard deviation by the usual rule; then we reject an observation deviating by 4·5 σ, and thereby alter the mean by about 4·5 σ/ n , where n is the number of observations, and at the same time we reduce the computed standard error. This may lead to the rejection of another observation deviating from the original mean by less than 4 σ, and if the process is repeated the mean may be shifted so much as to lead to doubt as to whether it is really sufficiently representative of the observations. In many cases, where we suspect that some abnormal cause has affected a fraction of the observations, there is a legitimate doubt as to whether it has affected a particular observation. Suppose that we have 50 observations. Then there is an even chance, according to the normal law, of a deviation exceeding 2·33 σ. But a deviation of 3 σ or more is not impossible, and if we make a mistake in rejecting it the mean of the remainder is not the most probable value. On the other hand, an observation deviating by only 2 σ may be affected by an abnormal cause of error, and then we should err in retaining it, even though no existing rule will instruct us to reject such an observation. It seems clear that the probability that a given observation has been affected by an abnormal cause of error is a continuous function of the deviation; it is never certain or impossible that it has been so affected, and a process that completely rejects certain observations, while retaining with full weight others with comparable deviations, possibly in the opposite direction, is unsatisfactory in principle.

Return of the megaherbs: plant colonisation of derelict ANARE station buildings on sub-Antarctic Heard Island

Polar Record ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Whinam ◽  
P.M. Selkirk ◽  
A.J. Downing ◽  
Bruce Hull
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Plant Colonisation ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Heard Island ◽  
Antarctic Research

Buildings were constructed and artefacts left behind on sub-Antarctic Heard Island, associated with Antarctic research expeditions since 1926. Both bryophytes and vascular plants are colonising many parts of the now derelict buildings. On these structures and artefacts, the authors recorded four species of vascular plants out of the 11 that occur on Heard Island and nine species of mosses out of the 37 recorded from Heard Island. The vascular plant species most frequently recorded colonising structures and artefacts was Pringlea antiscorbutica (288 occurrences), with the area colonised varying from 0.3 cm2 to 430.0 cm2. Muelleriella crassifolia was the moss species that was most frequently recorded (14 occurrences), colonising areas from 2.1 cm2 to 12.9 cm2. The highest number of bryophyte species (seven) was recorded on the stone and cement of the ‘water tank.’ Pringlea antiscorbutica, Poa cookii, Azorella selago, Muelleriella crassifolia, Bryum dichotomum, Dicranoweisia brevipes and Schistidium apocarpum are all expected to continue to colonise the ANARE ruins, as well as areas that have become available since building removal and also possibly areas bared by further deglaciation.

Digestion in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans Westw.: the effect of feeding field-caught flies on guineapigs in the laboratory

1967 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Langley
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Blood Meals

It has been shown that adults of Glossina morsitans Westw. that have fed from a bait ox in their natural environment digest their blood meals more rapidly than others that have emerged and been fed in the laboratory, even when both are maintained under identical environmental conditions after feeding.In further experiments with G. morsitans in Rhodesia, flies caught in the field and fed in the laboratory were found to lose their ability to digest their meals rapidly. Measurements, made throughout three hunger cycles, of the rate of digestion, as reflected in the rate of excretion, of blood meals by field-caught flies fed on guineapigs in the laboratory showed that this was not significantly different from that of the normal, flied-fed flies during the first two hunger cycles but that during the third it fell to a level comparable to that of flise that emerged and were fed in the laboratory.It is concluded that whatever may be the events that condition the field flies to digest their meals rapidly in the natural environment, these are repeated with the ingestion of each meal, and that laboratory conditions cause a rapid loss of this greater digestive capability.

scholarly journals Morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Flann ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges ◽  
Neville G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Low Altitude

A study of morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Labill.) Less. across its range in south-eastern Australia was undertaken to test the hypothesis that L. squamatus includes two taxa. Phenetic pattern analyses of both field-collected and herbarium specimens on the basis of morphology confirmed two major groups. Bract, cypsela, pappus bristle and leaf characters were particularly important in separating the two groups. The taxa are separated by altitude differences with one being a low-altitude plant found in many habitats and the other being a high-altitude taxon that is a major component of alpine meadows. Lowland plants have dark bract tips, fewer and wider pappus bristles than alpine plants, papillae on the cypselas and more linear leaves. A somewhat intermediate population from the Major Mitchell Plateau in the Grampians shows some alpine and some lowland characters but is included in the lowland taxon. Seeds from five populations (two alpine, two lowland and Major Mitchell) were germinated and plants grown for 18 weeks under four controlled sets of environmental conditions. The experiment showed that leaf size and some other characters are affected by environmental conditions, but that there are underlying genetic differences between the lowland and alpine forms. Leptorhynchos squamatus subsp. alpinus Flann is described here to accommodate the highland taxon.

THE KILLER OF NATURE – ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
Ekta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Summary Paper ◽  
Living Being

The Presented summary paper target is to draw the attention of the public to the benefits of Environment and how we are connected to the Environment. To show that if there’s any change in the Environmental conditions, then how the conditions change in human beings lives. Living Being, whether a Human Being or Animals or plants,  are all directly or indirectly Dependent on the Environment for their Survival. When asked truly it can be said that none of the living being can survive without the presence of Environment. It is difficult to find absolutely natural environments, and it is common that the naturalness varies in a continuum, from ideally 100% natural in one extreme to 0% natural in the other. More precisely, we can consider the different aspects or components of an environment, and see that their degree of naturalness is not uniform.

XXVI.—A New Method of determining the Degree of Twist in Single Threads

1907 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method

The determination of the degree of twist in a folded or ply thread composed of two or more strands is an easy matter. It is merely necessary to stretch the thread between two clamps, one being fixed and the other forming the end of a bar which can be rotated about its axis. A counter is attached to indicate the number of rotations. Rotating the thread in the opposite direction to its twist ultimately brings the singles parallel to each other. This point is easily observed. If we apply this method to single yarns we are at once confronted with the difficulty that the fibres constituting the yarn cannot be reduced to exact parallelism with each other.

Carbon balance in relation to drying in four epiphytic mosses growing in different vertical ranges

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (19) ◽  
pp. 1994-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Tobiessen ◽  
Nancy G. Slack ◽  
Keith A. Mott
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neckera Pennata ◽  
Lower Water Content ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

The response of photosynthesis and respiration to drying was measured in four species of epiphytic mosses, Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid., Neckera pennata Hedw., Anomodon rugellii (C. Mull.) Keissl., and Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. Kop., from habitats along a desiccation gradient. There was little difference among the mosses in these responses. The relationship of water content to water potential did differ among the mosses, with Plagiomnium, the facultative epiphyte, showing a typical response of more mesic species and the other three showing a more xeric response, i.e., water potential does not begin to fall steeply until a lower water content is reached in Ulota, Neckera, and Anomodon. Both photosynthesis and respiration in all four moss species were quite sensitive to moderate water stress.

The Effects of Adverse Environmental Conditions on Workload

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Ann E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Intermittent Noise

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on visual workload. The environmental variables used were temperature, studied at levels of 45°F., WBGT, and 95°F., WBGT; and noise, studied at 83 dBA intermittent noise and 93 dBA continuous noise. Workload was defined as the amount of attention demanded from an operator as measured by performance decrement on a secondary task while performing a primary and secondary task simultaneously. The secondary task was reading random numbers, and the primary task was reading word lists. Significant differences (p<.05) were found between the control condition and all experimental conditions. The low temperature and high temperature-continuous noise conditions were significantly different from the other conditions. Noise and temperature were found to significantly increase workload (p<05).

Predator and prey detection in two species of water bear (Tardigrada)

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry A Meyer ◽  
Hannah E Larsen ◽  
Nézira O Akobi ◽  
Garret Broussard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Prey Detection ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract Tardigrade behavioural studies have focused on responses to abiotic environmental conditions. Predator–prey interactions have received some attention, but not how predators and prey might detect one another. Here, we investigate whether a predatory tardigrade species is attracted to, and a potential prey tardigrade avoids, areas previously occupied by the other. In our experiments, Milnesium lagniappe was the predator and Macrobiotus acadianus the prey. Petri dishes with non-nutrient agar were used as experimental arenas. In one treatment, we allowed Macrobiotus to roam over half of the agar for 20 h, while leaving the other half free of Macrobiotus. We then removed the prey and introduced the predator. In the control treatment, no prey were added. Results indicated that Milnesium individuals were significantly concentrated in the area previously occupied by Macrobiotus, whereas no such concentration was evident when Macrobiotus had not been present. A similar protocol was used to test whether Macrobiotus avoided areas previously occupied by the predator. As expected, Macrobiotus were significantly concentrated in the area never occupied by Milnesium, unlike the control treatment. These results suggest that both species can detect the other without physical contact and react accordingly. Given that the experiments were conducted in darkness, detection is probably olfactory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document