Cell determination during embryogenesis in Citrus jambhiri. III. Graft formation and nonformation in embryonic tissues

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 2057-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Bruck ◽  
Dan B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Citrus Jambhiri ◽  
Cell Determination ◽  
Longitudinal Incision ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Globular Embryos ◽  
Tissue Removal

Approach grafts were constructed using embryos in vitro with and without surface tissue removal along the root–hypocotyl axis. All embryonic stages from mid-heart through mature proved competent to graft after surface excision. Early heart-shaped embryos grafted back to themselves when a longitudinal incision was made which cut the hypocotyl in half but left the root intact. Cut globular embryos could not be maintained in position for a sufficient period to generate a graft union. Callus tissue was produced in all cut embryos by internal cells but not by surface cells neighboring the cut region. Intact embryos failed to graft or respond in any fashion. The incompetence to graft of surface tissues at all embryonic stages indicates that those tissues are determined as epidermal even in the earliest stages of embryogenesis. Internal cells of the embryo were not epidermal in response. They were able to form callus and graft with increasing ease toward older stages of embryogenesis.

Incompetence of stem epidermal cells to dedifferentiate and graft

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2129-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan B. Walker ◽  
David K. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Wound Closure ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Cell Dedifferentiation ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Tissue Responses

An intact mature epidermis precluded formation of approach grafts of stems of five angiospermous species. When the epidermis was excised, unsclerified cortical tissue exhibited tissue responses resulting in wound closure, including cell dedifferentiation and redifferentiation into callus tissue. Removal of the epidermis from both partners resulted in a graft union. Cortical callus tissue proliferated and coalesced to bind the partners. None of these responses associated with grafting or wound closure occurred in either epidermal or subepidermal tissue in intact partners. Whereas cortical cells adjacent to a cut region reacted in a similar way to those underlying the cut, neighboring epidermal cells were usually unaltered. This developmental quiescence of epidermal cells is a unique characteristic, useful in studies of epidermal differentiation and determination.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on the differentiation of embryonic tissues growing in vivo and in vitro .—II. The development of the isolated early embryonic eye of the fowl when cultivated in vitro

1926 ◽  
Vol 100 (703) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Self Differentiation

In a previous communication (Strangeways and Fell, 1926) it was shown that if the undifferentiated limb-bud of the embryonic Fowl was cultivated in vitro , it underwent a considerable amount of progressive development. This capacity for independent development in vitro possessed by an isolated organ has been further investigated, and for these later experiments the writers have employed the early embryonic eye, a structure endowed with more complex potentialities than the limb-bud. As a result of these experiments it was found that the eyes of young Fowl embryos possess, in a remarkable degree, the faculty for self-differentiation in vitro and for “organotypic” growth as defined by Maximow (1925). The previous work on organotypic growth in vitro has already been briefly outlined in the writers’ earlier paper and need not be discussed here. The expenses connected with the experiments described in this communication were met by the Medical Research Council, to whom the writers desire to express their thanks.

The initial synthesis of haemoglobin in de-embryonated chick blastoderms.

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-619
Author(s):  
Anna Hell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Made In

Enormous progress has been made in the last few years towards the elucidation of the mechanism of protein synthesis, and great interest is centred on the steps leading to cellular differentiation and specific protein synthesis. We know that genetic information is passed on from one generation of cells to the next by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and that this material directs all protein synthesis by the intermediary of the different types of ribonucleic acid (RNA). A simple in vitro system described by O'Brien (1959) seemed to offer an excellent tool for the study of the differentiation of the blood islands, and the initial formation of a well-known protein, haemoglobin (Hb), in chick embryonic tissues. After de-embryonation, chick blastoderms, from the stage of primitive streak onwards, can be cultured in vitro on a saline agar medium supplemented with glucose.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of wheat tolerance to drought

Genetika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Galovic ◽  
Zorana Kotaranin ◽  
Srbislav Dencic
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Analyzed in this paper were the in vitro effects of drought stress in 13 genotypes of winter wheat, one genotype of spring wheat, and three Triticale genotypes of different geographic origin. Callus tissue was induced from immature zygotic embryos (10-15 days after pollination) on a modified MS nutrient medium. After two weeks, callus tissue was transplanted onto the same medium enriched with 5% high-molecular polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), which was used as the stress agent to produce the effect of drought chemically. A control group of calluses was grown on an identical medium but without PEG. After four weeks of growing calluses on these mediums, we assessed callus mass survival ability of the genotypes before the transplantation as well as percentage reduction of callus fresh weight after the transplantation onto the nutrient medium with 5% PEG. Statistically significant differences were found among the genotypes in their response to the induced stress. The best survival ability before the transplantation was found in the genotype Mexicol20 (83%), while the lowest was recorded in Slavija (11.3%). Culture growing under stress conditions significantly reduced callus fresh weight in all of the genotypes. The lowest decrease of the callus mass relative to control was recorded in Rozofskaja (14.4%) and the highest in Miranovska (58.4%), indicating the genotypes' tolerance levels towards drought stress.

scholarly journals Investigations on the ultrastructure of the callus tissue of Liriodendron tulipifera L. developed in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Stefaniak ◽  
Adam Woźny
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Cytological Analysis

Fragments of internodes, petioles and fragments of leaves of <em>Liriodendron tulipifera</em> L. were cultured <em>in vitro</em> in order to induce them to regeneration. Abundant callus tissue was only produced by unlignified internodes and petioles. Application of various combinations of media was not successful in inducing callus organogenesis. The callus did not survive long and cytological analysis of its cells revealed the presence of severe abnormalities.

scholarly journals Water Jet Applicator for Interface Tissue Removal in Minimally Invasive Hip Refixation: Testing the Principle and Design of Prototype

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Kraaij ◽  
Arjo J. Loeve ◽  
Jenny Dankelman ◽  
Rob G. H. H. Nelissen ◽  
Edward R. Valstar
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Further Development

Mechanical loosening of implants is in the majority accompanied with a periprosthetic interface membrane, which has to be removed during revision surgery. The same is true if a minimal invasive (percutaneous) refixation of a loose implant is done. We describe the requirements for a waterjet applicator for interface tissue removal for this percutaneous hip refixation technique. The technical requirements were either obtained from a literature review, a theoretical analysis, or by experimental setup. Based on the requirements, a waterjet applicator is designed which is basically a flexible tube (outer diameter 3 mm) with two channels. One channel for the water supply (diameter 0.9 mm) and one for suction to evacuate water and morcellated interface tissue from the periprosthetic cavity. The applicator has a rigid tip (length 6 mm), which directs the water flow to create two waterjets (diameter 0.2 mm), both focused into the suction channel. The functionality of this new applicator is demonstrated by testing a prototype of the applicator tip in an in vitro experimental setup. This testing has shown that the designed applicator for interface tissue removal will eliminate the risk of water pressure buildup; the ejected water was immediately evacuated from the periprosthetic cavity. Blocking of the suction opening was prevented because the jets cut through interface tissue that gets in front of the suction channel. Although further development of the water applicator is necessary, the presented design of the applicator is suitable for interface tissue removal in a minimally invasive hip refixation procedure.

Effect of Dicamba on RNA and Protein

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Arnold ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Anisic Acid

The effect of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) was studied on wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulusL.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) at two growth stages. Wild buckwheat, treated when 5 to 8 cm tall, was very susceptible to dicamba which caused rapid dehydration of the leaves and growth of callus tissue at stem internodes. Wild buckwheat, treated when flowering, increased in growth 2 days after treatment and then decreased after 4 days. Wheat growth tended to increase in all plant parts after treatment with dicamba at both the 2 to 3-leaf and the boot stages. Dicamba increased the RNA and protein content in wild buckwheat at both growth stages and in wheat at the boot stage. Dicamba affected the transition temperature and precipitation of reconstituted nucleohistone but not the uncombined nucleic acid or histonein vitro, indicating that a DNA-histone-dicamba complex had occurred. The binding of dicamba to protein varied with different proteins and reduced the UV absorbance of the bound proteins.

scholarly journals Comparative analyses of stevioside between fresh leaves and in-vitro derived callus tissue from Stevia rebaudiana Bert. using HPLC

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mahmud ◽  
S Akter ◽  
IA Jahan ◽  
S Khan ◽  
A Khaleque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Green Callus

A protocol was developed to produce large amount of callus in short a period of time from leaf explants of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. The highest amount of white callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP after 3 weeks of inoculating leaf segments. On the other hand, 0.5 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l Kn exhibits poor performance towards callus formation while after using 1.0 mg/l Kn alone did not develop any callus. In this experiment, highest amount of green callus was obtained when MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l NAA and 10% coconut water was used. An improved analytical method HPLC was applied to analyze stevioside extracted from the leaf and callus of Stevia rebaudiana. The stevioside in each sample were analyzed by comparing their retention times with those of the standards. The retention time (RT) of stevioside for leaves were found 14.96 and for callus 13.81 mins. The percentage of stevioside content from leaves and callus was 12.19% and 12.62% respectively DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i4.22621 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(4), 199-204, 2014

Inducing effect of plant cells on nitrogenase activity by Spirillum and Rhizobium in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Child ◽  
W. G. W. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Pentose Sugar ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Eleven different plant cell tissue cultures of both legume and non-legume origin have been grown in direct association, and in separate but close proximal association with both Spirillum lipoferum and Rhizobium sp. 32H1. Basic similarities were found in the nutritional requirement for the induction of nitrogenase activity (C2H2) in both organisms. In the absence of plant cell cultures both organisms need to be provided with a pentose sugar and a tricarboxylic acid to induce high levels of nitrogen-fixing activity. Plant cell callus tissue appears only capable of supplying the tricarboxylic acids needed but not the sugar component. The plant tissue, however, seems able to activate certain carbohydrates, which in themselves are incapable of substituting for the pentose additive.

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