Some ultrastructural aspects of the pollen transmission of barley stripe mosaic virus in barley

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Brlansky ◽  
Thomas W. Carroll ◽  
Susan K. Zaske
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Pollen Transmission ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Particle Form

To study the pollen transmission of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) in barley with the transmission electron microscope, ultrathin sections of ovaries of pollinated pistils were examined. Healthy pistils were cross-pollinated with virus-infected pollen and collected at various intervals of time after pollination. When thin sections of the ovaries were viewed, virus particles were detected in specific sporophytic and gametophytic cells during critical developmental stages of pollination, fertilization, and embryogenesis. Before fertilization, BSMV particles were seen in the pollen tube between the integument and ovary wall, and in pollen tube discharge within the degenerating synergid. During and after fertilization, virus particles were found not only in the pollen tube and its discharge but also in the zygote, endosperm, persistent synergid, and nucellus. During embryogenesis, BSMV particles were very evident in the embryo, integument, and ovary wall. Some particles were scattered throughout the cell cytoplasm, while others were in mono- or multi-layer aggregates within the cytoplasm. Many particles were associated with spindle or cytoplasmic microtubules or with abnormal plastids. The prevalence of virus particles in the cells associated with sexual reproduction suggests that the nucleoprotein particle form of the virus plays some role in the pollen transmission of BSMV in barley.

scholarly journals Detection of Poinsettia mosaic virus Infecting Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) in Venezuela

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1208-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Carballo ◽  
M. L. Izaguirre ◽  
E. Marys
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rugose Mosaic ◽  
Infected Cells

Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV), a putative member of the tymoviruses, was detected in several cultivars of vegetatively propagated poinsettias grown in commercial nurseries in Estado Miranda, Venezuela. Symptoms associated with the affected plants consisted of severe mottling and distortion of leaves and bracteoles. The suspect virus was mechanically transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana. Leaf extracts and thin sections of affected leaf tissue were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Spherical virus particles (30 nm diameter) were observed in samples from symptomatic poinsettia plants. Ultrastructural analyses of virus-infected cells revealed aggregates of virus particles in the cytoplasm and central vacuole. The virus was purified twice from infected N. benthamiana, resulting in yields as high as 12 mg/100 g. Dissociated coat protein contained a single 24-kDa protein species. The virus was not serologically related to Carnation mottle, Bean rugose mosaic, Cowpea mosaic, Cucumber mosaic, Pea enation mosaic, Prunus necrotic ringspot, Apple mosaic, Tobacco streak, Maize rayado fino, Tomato ringspot, Bean southern mosaic, Sowbane mosaic, Andean potato latent, Belladona mottle, Scrophularia or Turnip yellow mosaic viruses, but did react positively in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis with antiserum (ATCC PVAS-476) to PnMV. Based on these results, the virus is considered to be PnMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PnMV infecting poinsettias in Venezuela.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF TWO SMALL SPHERICAL PLANT VIRUSES IN THIN SECTIONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Edwardson ◽  
D. E. Purcifull ◽  
R. G. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Tobacco Necrosis Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus

Particles within lesions of leaf tissue infected with either tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) or southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) were compared with particles in embedded pellets of purified preparations of these viruses by an examination of thin sections. The mode of the diameters of particles in tissues and pellets was 20.5 mµ.It is assumed that the particles in infected tissues are virus particles on the basis of their similarities in size, shape, and arrangement with the particles in purified preparations.

scholarly journals Barley stripe mosaic virus-encoded proteins triple-gene block 2 and γb localize to chloroplasts in virus-infected monocot and dicot plants, revealing hitherto-unknown roles in virus replication

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 2403-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Torrance ◽  
G. H. Cowan ◽  
T. Gillespie ◽  
A. Ziegler ◽  
C. Lacomme
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Triple Gene Block ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Gene Block ◽  
Encoded Proteins

Replication of Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), genus Hordeivirus, is thought to be associated with vesicles in proplastids and chloroplasts, but the molecular details of the process and identity of virus proteins involved in establishing the virus replication complexes are unknown. In addition, BSMV encodes a triple-gene block of movement proteins (TGBs) that putatively share functional roles with their counterparts in other hordei-, pomo- and pecluviruses, but detailed information on the intracellular locations of the individual TGBs is lacking. Here, the subcellular localizations of BSMV-encoded proteins TGB2 and γb fused to green or red fluorescent proteins were examined in epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana and barley (Hordeum vulgare ‘Black Hulless’). The fusion proteins were expressed from a BSMV vector or under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The subcellular localizations were studied by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM). CLSM studies showed that both proteins were recruited to chloroplasts in the presence of viral RNA and that virus RNA, coat protein and γb protein were detected in plastid preparations from infected leaves. Electron microscope images of thin sections of virus-infected leaves revealed abnormal chloroplasts with cytoplasmic inclusions containing virus-like particles. In addition, cellular localizations of BSMV TGB2 suggest subtle differences in function between the hordei-like TGB2 proteins. The results indicate that TGB2 and γb proteins play a previously unknown functional role at the site of virus replication.

Occurrence of virions in developing ovules and embryo sacs of barley in relation to the seed transmissibility of barley stripe mosaic virus

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2497-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Carroll ◽  
Dennis E. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Seed Transmissibility ◽  
Spindle Microtubules

Electron microscopic examination revealed the occurrence of virions in thin sections of developing ovules and embryo sacs of Atlas barley infected with a seed-transmitted strain of barley stripe mosaic virus, MI-1. It appeared that the virus invaded the primaiy meristem early, then infected the megaspore mother cell. In later stages of ovule development, the virus was seen in megaspores and in the cells of the embryo sac, including the egg. Virions were commonly associated with wall, cytoplasmic, or spindle microtubules. By contrast, virions of the non-seed-transmitted strain of the virus (NSP) did not occur in developing ovules or embryo sacs. Ovule transmission was only demonstrated for MI-1.

Comparison of Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed E. Hafez ◽  
Engy E. Abdel Aleem ◽  
Faiza A. Fattouh
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Triple Gene Block ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Gene Block ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
High Level

BSMV (barley stripe mosaic virus) particles were obtained in a pure state from infected host plant tissues of Hordeum vulgare. The three genomic parities (α, β and γ) were amplified by PCR using specific primers for each particle; each was cloned. Partial sequence of the α, β and γ segments was determined for the Egyptian isolate of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV AE1). Alignment of nucleotide sequences with that of other known strains of the virus, BSMV type strains (CV17, ND18 and China), and the generation of phylogenetic trees was performed. A low level of homology was detected comparing 467 bp of the α and 643 bp of the segments to that of the other strains, and thus BSMV α and β segments were in separate clusters. However, 1154 bp of the γ segments of BSMV AE1 showed a high level of homology especially to strain BSMV ND18, as they both formed a distinct cluster. Northern blotting of pure BSMV AE1 virus and H. vulgare-infected tissue were compared using an α ND18 specific probe. Western blotting using antibodies specific for the coat protein (CP) and the triple gene block 1 (TGB1) protein, which are both encoded by the β ND18 segment, still indicated a high level of similarity between proteins produced by BSMV ND18 and AE1. We suggest that the BSMV AE1 isolate is a distinct strain of BSMV which reflects the genetic evolutionary divergence among BSMV strains and members of the Hordeivirus group

scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS LESIONS IN NICOTIANA GLUTINOSA L

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weintraub ◽  
H. W. J. Ragetli
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Chloroplast Membranes ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Concentrated Solution

Ultra-thin sections of Nicotiana glutinosa L. leaves inoculated with a concentrated solution of tobacco mosaic virus were made at short intervals from 0 to 78 hours after inoculation. Eight hours after inoculation, the size of starch grains increased. This was followed by rupture of cytoplasmic and chloroplast membranes. At about 24 hours there was a great increase in number of mitochondria, which persisted until about 60 hours, when some became electron opaque while others appeared to disintegrate. Finally, the cell contents were compressed into one area of the cell, where they became electron opaque. This was accompanied by collapse of the rest of the cell and tearing away of the cell walls from adjacent cells. The nucleus remained stable and intact for as long as observations could be made. No identifiable virus particles were seen.

Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of the synnema of Ceratocystis ulmi

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1565-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Harris ◽  
Willard A. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distinctive Structure ◽  
Elm Bark Beetles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ceratocystis ulmi, the Ascomycete responsible for Dutch elm disease, may sporulate by means of a distinctive structure, the synnema, common in nature in the tunnels of elm bark beetles. Developmental stages of this structure and its spores were examined by light microscopy, by conventional transmission electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze-etch replicas, and by scanning electron microscopy of whole spores and fruiting structures. The synnema is a tight bundle of darkly pigmented hyphae growing erect from the substrate and terminated by a mass of colorless, wet spores. A layer of slime covering the hyphal bundle and random cross-connections between parallel hyphae appear to function in stabilization of the structure. Organelles typical of Ascomycetes fill the spores, vegetative hyphae, and young synnemal hyphae. However, in mature synnemal hyphae, the cytoplasmic contents degenerate, leaving only membranous vesicles in the partially collapsed hyphae. The spores contain large lipid droplets not found in either vegetative or synnemal hyphae indicating some differences in metabolism of spores and hyphae. Most synnemal spores form on sympodulae, but some spores form on intrahyphal hyphae.

scholarly journals Purification and Characterization of Peach Mosaic Virus

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Gispert ◽  
Thomas M. Perring ◽  
Rebecca Creamer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polyclonal Rabbit Antiserum

Virus particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy in preparations extracted from symptomatic leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor that had been mechanically inoculated with peach mosaic virus. The particles were long, flexuous, filamentous rods with an average length of 888 nm. Purified preparations had an A 260/280 nm ratio of 1.25. RNA extracted from purified virus was approximately 8.1 kilobases, and a capsid protein of approximately 27 kDa was found. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum, produced against purified virus, reacted with samples from peach mosaic and cherry mottle leaf-infected plants when used in Western blot analysis.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

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