ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF TWO SMALL SPHERICAL PLANT VIRUSES IN THIN SECTIONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Edwardson ◽  
D. E. Purcifull ◽  
R. G. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Tobacco Necrosis Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus

Particles within lesions of leaf tissue infected with either tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) or southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) were compared with particles in embedded pellets of purified preparations of these viruses by an examination of thin sections. The mode of the diameters of particles in tissues and pellets was 20.5 mµ.It is assumed that the particles in infected tissues are virus particles on the basis of their similarities in size, shape, and arrangement with the particles in purified preparations.

Further studies on the ultrafiltration of plant viruses

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith ◽  
W. D. MacClement
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Tobacco Necrosis Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
End Point ◽  
Consistent Manner

An account is given of ultrafiltration studies with 9 plant viruses. It is shown that 3 of these viruses filter in a consistent manner and appear to have approximately spherical particles. These three are Lycopersicum virus 4 (tomato bushy stunt virus), Nicotiana virus 11 (tobacco necrosis virus) and Nicotiana virus 12 (tobacco ringspot virus). The filtration end-point of 40 mμ is the same in each case and from this a particle diameter of 13–20 mμ is calculated. There is a peculiarity, however, in the filtration curve of tobacco necrosis virus which shows itself in a “bench” or “shelf” and which suggests either a polydisperse system or some degree of dissymmetry of particle shape.Great difficulty was experienced in filtering Nicotiana virus 1 (tobacco mosaic virus) and its strains. A value of 13–20 mμ was obtained for the particle diameter of the type virus and this agrees well with measurements obtained by other methods. The filtration results, however, suggest that the infective units are not of the same length and that this variability may be considerable. Similar difficulty was experienced in filtering Solanum virus 1 (potato virus X), another rod-shaped virus; the end-point was found to be 100 mμ, from which a particle diameter of 33–50 mμ is calculated. It was not possible to obtain a definite filtration end-point for Cucumis virus 1 (cucumber mosaic virus), probably because of the low initial concentration of virus in the extracted sap.

scholarly journals Detection of Poinsettia mosaic virus Infecting Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) in Venezuela

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1208-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Carballo ◽  
M. L. Izaguirre ◽  
E. Marys
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rugose Mosaic ◽  
Infected Cells

Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV), a putative member of the tymoviruses, was detected in several cultivars of vegetatively propagated poinsettias grown in commercial nurseries in Estado Miranda, Venezuela. Symptoms associated with the affected plants consisted of severe mottling and distortion of leaves and bracteoles. The suspect virus was mechanically transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana. Leaf extracts and thin sections of affected leaf tissue were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Spherical virus particles (30 nm diameter) were observed in samples from symptomatic poinsettia plants. Ultrastructural analyses of virus-infected cells revealed aggregates of virus particles in the cytoplasm and central vacuole. The virus was purified twice from infected N. benthamiana, resulting in yields as high as 12 mg/100 g. Dissociated coat protein contained a single 24-kDa protein species. The virus was not serologically related to Carnation mottle, Bean rugose mosaic, Cowpea mosaic, Cucumber mosaic, Pea enation mosaic, Prunus necrotic ringspot, Apple mosaic, Tobacco streak, Maize rayado fino, Tomato ringspot, Bean southern mosaic, Sowbane mosaic, Andean potato latent, Belladona mottle, Scrophularia or Turnip yellow mosaic viruses, but did react positively in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis with antiserum (ATCC PVAS-476) to PnMV. Based on these results, the virus is considered to be PnMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PnMV infecting poinsettias in Venezuela.

On the Size, Shape, and Hydration of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Necrosis Virus in Solution

1951 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Leonard ◽  
J. W. Anderegg ◽  
Paul Kaesberg ◽  
S. Shulman ◽  
W. W. Beeman
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Necrosis Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

scholarly journals Identification of Tomato Infecting Viruses That Co-Isolate with Nanovesicles Using a Combined Proteomics and Electron-Microscopic Approach

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Ramila Mammadova ◽  
Immacolata Fiume ◽  
Ramesh Bokka ◽  
Veronika Kralj-Iglič ◽  
Darja Božič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Viral Particles

Plant-derived nanovesicles (NVs) have attracted interest due to their anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidative properties and their efficient uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells. Previously we showed that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is one of the interesting plant resources from which NVs can be obtained at a high yield. In the course of the isolation of NVs from different batches of tomatoes, using the established differential ultracentrifugation or size-exclusion chromatography methods, we occasionally observed the co-isolation of viral particles. Density gradient ultracentrifugation (gUC), using sucrose or iodixanol gradient materials, turned out to be efficient in the separation of NVs from the viral particles. We applied cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphological assessment and LC–MS/MS-based proteomics for the protein identification of the gradient fractions. Cryo-TEM showed that a low-density gUC fraction was enriched in membrane-enclosed NVs, while the high-density fractions were rich in rod-shaped objects. Mass spectrometry–based proteomic analysis identified capsid proteins of tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tomato mosaic virus and tomato mottle mosaic virus. In another batch of tomatoes, we isolated tomato spotted wilt virus, potato virus Y and southern tomato virus in the vesicle sample. Our results show the frequent co-isolation of plant viruses with NVs and the utility of the combination of cryo-TEM, SEM and proteomics in the detection of possible viral contamination.

scholarly journals Actin Cytoskeleton Is Involved in Targeting of a Viral Hsp70 Homolog to the Cell Periphery

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (22) ◽  
pp. 14421-14428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey I. Prokhnevsky ◽  
Valera V. Peremyslov ◽  
Valerian V. Dolja
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Shock Proteins

ABSTRACT The cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses involves translocation of virus particles or nucleoproteins to and through the plasmodesmata (PDs). As we have shown previously, the movement of the Beet yellows virus requires the concerted action of five viral proteins including a homolog of cellular ∼70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70h). Hsp70h is an integral component of the virus particles and is also found in PDs of the infected cells. Here we investigate subcellular distribution of Hsp70h using transient expression of Hsp70h fused to three spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins. We found that fluorophore-tagged Hsp70h forms motile granules that are associated with actin microfilaments, but not with microtubules. In addition, immobile granules were observed at the cell periphery. A pairwise appearance of these granules at the opposite sides of cell walls and their colocalization with the movement protein of Tobacco mosaic virus indicated an association of Hsp70h with PDs. Treatment with various cytoskeleton-specific drugs revealed that the intact actomyosin motility system is required for trafficking of Hsp70h in cytosol and its targeting to PDs. In contrast, none of the drugs interfered with the PD localization of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein. Collectively, these findings suggest that Hsp70h is translocated and anchored to PDs in association with the actin cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals ASSEMBLY AND AGGREGATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS IN TOMATO LEAFLETS

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Shalla
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Particle Aggregates ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Individual Particles

Cells of tomato leaflets (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) were studied by phase and electron microscopy at various intervals after inoculation with a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Forty-eight hours after inoculation, prior to the development of assayable virus, individual TMV particles, and also particle aggregates, were observed in the ground cytoplasm of mesophyll cells. The most rapid synthesis of virus occurred between 80 and 300 hours after inoculation. Cytological changes during this time were characterized by an increased number of individual particles in the cytoplasm, growth of some aggregates, distortion and vacuolation of chloroplasts, and formation of filaments in the cytoplasm which were approximately four times the size of TMV. These filaments were interpreted as possible developmental forms of the TMV particle. Vacuoles in chloroplasts commonly contained virus particles. Evidence indicated that TMV was assembled in the ground cytoplasm and, in some cases, subsequently was enveloped by distorted chloroplasts.

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