Competitive interactions of ectomycorrhizal mycobionts under field conditions

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. McAfee ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

A rapid field method to evaluate the competitive performance of selected ectomycorrhizal isolates is presented. Ectomycorrhizal jack pine seedlings and noninoculated controls produced in growth pouches were outplanted in diverse stations 1 month after inoculation. Photographs taken prior to outplanting and at the time of excavation permitted comparative observations of mycorrhizal development along each lateral root of individual seedlings. Nonmycorrhizal control seedlings showed 0, 20, 20, and 76% mycorrhizal development at the sterilized denuded, unsterilized denuded, burned, and undisturbed jack pine stand stations, respectively. To evaluate the postplanting performance of each isolate tested, an index of colonization and an index of competition were established. Laccaria bicolor was the best colonizer at all stations except the undisturbed jack pine stand, where Rhizopogon rubescens was the best colonizer and also the most competitive. Pisolithus tinctorius was not competitive with the indigenous mycota at the burned or the undisturbed jack pine stand stations.

Production of ectomycorrhizae on container-grown jack pine seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Danielson ◽  
S. Visser ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Solid Carrier ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seedlings were grown for 20 weeks in a peat–vermiculite medium inoculated with solid carrier mycelial inoculum. The low fertilizer levels used resulted in seedling sizes below standard for outplanting but permitted mycorrhizal development by 9 of the 12 fungi tested. Greater than 90% of the short roots were infected when seedlings were inoculated with Thelephoraterrestris Ehrhart ex Fr., Laccariaproximo Boudier, Hebeloma sp., or E strain. About half the short roots were infected when Cenococcumgeophilum Fr., Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, and Astraeushygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan were used. Thirty-two and 17% of the short roots were infected by Lactariusparadoxus Beardslee & Burlingham and Sphaerosporellabrunnea (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Svrcek & Kubicka, respectively. Inoculation with Amphinemabyssoides (Fr.) J. Erikss., Hydnumimbricatum L. ex Fr., and Tricholomaflavovirens (Pers. ex Fr.) Lundell resulted in no infection.

The influence of pH on the competitive interactions of ectomycorrhizal mycobionts under field conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. McAfee ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Influence Of Ph

The effects of H2SO4 watering on the competitive interactions of outplanted mycobionts was studied in a jack pine plantation in Quebec. Ectomycorrhizal jack pine seedlings produced in growth pouches and inoculated with either Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch or Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton as well as noninoculated seedlings were exposed weekly to H2SO4 solutions adjusted to pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.2, or 2.5 for 14 weeks. Soil pH was significantly reduced in those plots where the pH was adjusted to 2.5. Seedling growth parameters were not affected by acid treatment. Indigenous colonization was not affected by acid treatment but was suppressed by inoculation, prior to outplanting, with either L. bicolor or P. tinctorius. Acid treatment significantly influenced the persistence of the inoculated mycobiont, P. tinctorius being more sensitive than L. bicolor to acid treatment. A competition index, used to evaluate postplanting competitivity, was higher for P. tinctorius in those plots where the watering solution was adjusted to pH 5.6 while in all other plots L. bicolor was more competitive with the indigenous mycota.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization and photoperiod on basidiome formation of Laccaria bicolor associated with container-grown jack pine seedlings

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Godbout ◽  
J. André Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Respective Host

Container-grown jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings were inoculated with a wild strain of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. Seedlings were raised for 24 weeks and were given various nitrogen fertilization levels as well as long and short day regimes. Basidiomes occurred from week 16 up to the end of the experiment (24 weeks) depending on the culture conditions. Frequency of fruiting reached a maximum with the addition of 5 – 6 mg of nitrogen per seedling. The response of fruiting to nitrogen was enhanced with a short photoperiod. The biomass of the basidiomes was positively correlated with the biomass of their respective host plants with proportions ranging from 10 to 35% and with a mean of 20%. Key words: basidiome, Laccaria bicolor, fertilization, photoperiod, ectomycorrhiza.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MYCORRHIZAL POTENTIAL OF FOUR OVERBURDEN TYPES USED IN THE RECLAMATION OF EXTRACTED OIL SANDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DANIELSON ◽  
S. VISSER ◽  
D. PARKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Slender wheatgrass and jack pine were grown in the greenhouse in cores containing a bottom layer of extracted oil sands with four overburdens individually layered over the sand. The overburdens included a muskeg peat, two shallow mineral overburdens and a deep overburden. Mycorrhizal development, microbial respiration and biomass and the degree of decomposition of slender wheatgrass roots in litter bags were determined in each plant species-overburden combination. Both ecto- and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal inoculum was present in all four overburdens. The symbionts of slender wheatgrass were the "fine endophyte" and Glomus aggregatum. VA development was very low in peat whereas plants in the shallow overburdens became heavily mycorrhizal. Infection did not spread from the overburden layer to roots in the tailing sand. Jack pine roots in the peat and two shallow overburdens were heavily infected after 4 months. The most common symbiont was an ascomycete known as the E-strain. Microbial respiration was highest in the peat and was not influenced by plant species. Microbial biomass was also highest in the peat and much lower in the mineral overburdens. Only in the peat was the amount of microbial biomass larger with slender wheatgrass than with jack pine. Slender wheatgrass roots decomposed most rapidly in the peat overburden and least rapidly in the deep overburden. Key words: Microbial activity, jack pine, slender wheatgrass, mycorrhizae, reclamation, oil sands

Applied gibberellin A4/7 increases ovulate strobili production in accelerated growth jack pine seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Cecich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Accelerated Growth

Jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seeds were sown in October, January, and March, and the seedlings were cultured under accelerated growth conditions in a greenhouse. At biweekly intervals, from May 15 to August 15, they were transplanted to a nearby nursery and sprayed with GA4/7 or GA4/7 + NAA. The following spring a fourfold increase in flowering was noted in trees receiving either of the GA4/7 treatments. Trees in the March sowing did not flower. The data suggest that the increased flowering was caused by GA4/7-mediated differentiation of lateral long-branch primordia into ovulate strobili.

Container Volume Affects Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine Seedlings: A Literature Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Craig Sutherland ◽  
Robert J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract This paper is the first general review of the affects of container volume on the survival and growth of containerized white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine seedlings. The review shows that the literature on this topic is fragmentary and inconsistent. Seedling growth in the greenhouse production phase has been more completely quantified than subsequent establishment and growth after out-planting in the field. In the greenhouse production phase, seedling growth increased from 72 to 360% when the container volume was tripled in size. After outplanting in the field, seedling growth trends were more variable. Seedling height growth increased from 34 to 84% when container volume was tripled in size. Seedling survival was more difficult to assess because of limited data. Only white spruce showed a 10% increase in survival with an increase in container volume. The indications from this literature review suggest that nursery managers and practicing foresters should become more aware of the limitations imposed on seedling survival and growth due to container volume. To maintain optional survival and growth for white spruce, black spruce and jack pine, the container volume should range from 90 to 120 cm3. North. J. Appl. For. 5:185-189, Sept. 1988.

MULTIPLE JACK PINE SEEDLINGS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Cayford ◽  
R. M. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings
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