Wave and nonwave regeneration processes in a subalpine Abies balsamea forest

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk A. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Wave Formation ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Regeneration Cycle ◽  
Whiteface Mountain ◽  
Regeneration Processes

An investigation was conducted on Whiteface Mountain, New York, to determine if the dynamics of the dominant tree species, Abies balsamea, were similar among two wave areas and one nonwave area of subalpine fir forest. Associated understory populations of vascular and bryophyte species were also studied to determine their response to changes in the organization of the Abies balsamea canopy. The regeneration cycles of the wave and nonwave areas exhibited strong parallels. However, some differences were noted, particularly with respect to the transition between generations of trees. Changes in understory populations were associated with changes in the organization of the Abies balsamea population, but to differing degrees dependent upon location. It is suggested that fir wave formation is the result of the interaction between an underlying demographic process common to both wave and nonwave regions (the Abies balsamea regeneration cycle) and a directional stress imposed on the canopy by prevailing winds. This implies that wave formation does not result from a major reorganization of the demographic structure of the Abies balsamea population, but from a reorganization of the spatial distribution of regeneration stages.

scholarly journals Site factors determining epiphytic lichen distribution in a dieback-affected spruce-fir forest on Whiteface Mountain, New York: stemflow chemistry

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Schmull ◽  
Markus Hauck ◽  
David R Vann ◽  
Arthur H Johnson ◽  
Michael Runge
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Precipitation Chemistry ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Forest Dieback ◽  
Lichen Cover ◽  
Whiteface Mountain

Epiphytic lichen diversity in a dieback-affected forest of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) on Whiteface Mountain, New York, U.S.A., was higher on dead compared with living trees and on fir compared with spruce. Diversity differed more between living and dead spruce than between living and dead fir. Cover of all lichen species that occurred on more than 50% of the sample trees, except for two species, decreased with increasing mean concentration of NO3– in stemflow. Concentrations of NO3– were higher on living spruce compared with dead spruce and with living and dead fir. The negative correlations between lichen cover and NO3– concentration may reflect either a decrease of lichen abundance caused by toxic effects of higher NO3– concentrations or a removal of NO3– from stemflow by epiphytic lichens. Experimental exposure of Hypogymnia physodes to NaNO3 reduced chlorophyll concentrations. This result, together with estimations of lichen and needle biomass, indicates that a dependence of lichen cover on NO3– concentrations in stemflow may be the cause for the negative correlations. The sulphur concentration in stemflow did not affect lichen abundance on Whiteface Mountain. The manganese concentration in stemflow may have an effect on single species.Key words: forest dieback, manganese, nitrate assimilation, nitrate toxicity, precipitation chemistry, sulphur.

Aluminum in Soil Solutions from a Subalpine Spruce‐Fir Forest at Whiteface Mountain, New York

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.K. Miller ◽  
T.G. Huntington ◽  
A.H. Johnson ◽  
A.J. Friedland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Whiteface Mountain

Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G McGee ◽  
Robin W Kimmerer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Host Tree Species

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha–1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community composition differed among host tree species and among stand types. Communities in partially cut and maturing stands were dominated by xerophytic bryophytes (Platygyrium repens, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Brachythecium reflexum, Ulota crispa), while old-growth stands contained a greater representation of calcicoles and mesophytic species (Brachythecium oxycladon, Anomodon rugelii, Porella platyphylloidea, Anomodon attenuatus, Leucodon brachypus, Neckera pennata). This mesophyte-calcicole assemblage occurred in all stand types but was limited by the abundance of large-diameter (>50 cm DBH), thick-barked, hardwood host trees (Acer saccharum Marsh., Tilia americana L., Fraxinus americana L.). This study suggested that epiphytic bryophyte diversity can be sustained and enhanced in managed northern hardwood forests by maintaining host tree species diversity and retaining large or old, thick-barked residual hardwood stems when applying even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture systems.

Red spruce decline on Whiteface Mountain, New York. II. Relationships between apical and radial growth decline

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. LeBlanc ◽  
Dudley J. Raynal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Spruce Decline ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Whiteface Mountain ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Crown Dieback ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between apical and radial growth decline can contribute toward the evaluation of hypotheses regarding causal mechanisms of red spruce decline. The etiology of red spruce decline in montane spruce-fir forests of the northeastern United States includes loss of foliage at branch apices, crown dieback, and unreversed radial growth decline since the 1960s. Demographic analyses of crown damage and radial growth decline for red spruce on Whiteface Mountain, New York, indicate that large, canopy-emergent trees with exposed crowns exhibit greater decline than codominant trees within an intact canopy. In this paper, radial growth decline is shown to have been coincident with decreased apical growth and increased incidence of injury to terminal leaders. Incidence of leader mortality is greatest for canopy-emergent red spruce or trees with exposed crowns, similar to patterns described for radial growth. This relationship suggests that the post-1960 decline of red spruce on Whiteface Mountain is caused, at least in part, by stresses that act directly on the crown.

Adelges piceae. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) [Dreyfusia piceae]. Hemiptera: Adelgidae. Hosts: balsam fir (Abies balsamea), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri), and other Abies spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy (Sicily), Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), Asia (Turkey), North America (Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec), USA (California, Idaho, Maine, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)), South America (Chile).

Effects of fenitrothion on the arthropod food of tree-foraging forest songbirds

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda L. Millikin
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Forest Songbirds ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fenitrothion on the arthropod food of songbirds was measured using white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) branch sample and drop trays. Following ground application of fenitrothion at 293 g active ingredient/ha, there was a significant decrease in the biomass of arthropods as determined using branch samples from both tree species, but not until 5 days after the application (29% reduction for balsam fir, 35% for white birch). Samples from drop trays indicated an immediate kill of arthropods not associated with the tree. Most remaining arthropods on treated balsam fir trees were dead. These dead arthropods would not be suitable food for birds that require movement to detect their prey. There was no significant relationship between amount of deposit (treated trees only) and the reduction of arthropods for either tree species.

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