Reproductive incompatibility barriers in crosses between Vaccinium corymbosum and V. elliottii

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1987-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Munoz ◽  
P. M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Reproductive Incompatibility

A study was made of barriers to hybridization between tetraploid V. corymbosum L., the cultivated highbush blueberry, and V. elliottii Chapm., a wild diploid blueberry which may be useful in breeding cultivars adapted to the southeastern United States. Both prefertilization and postfertilization barriers were detected. Prefertilization barriers were mainly observed when V. elliottii was the male parent and were manifested as an arrest of pollen tube growth at the base of the style. In cases where fertilization did take place, regardless of which species was used as the female, a strong postfertilization barrier usually prevented development of hybrid zygotes. Zygotes remained in a resting state after fertilization and usually aborted before dividing. Meanwhile, the endosperm underwent four to six cycles of cell division before it started to degenerate. A causal relationship between embryo abortion and endosperm malfunction was not clearly established. Endosperm malfunction and embryo abortion were delayed when V. corymbosum was the female parent.

scholarly journals First Report of Vaccinium arboreum Hybrids with Cultivated Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Pollen Shed

Over several years, we obtained no hybrids after pollinating thousands of flowers of cultivated tetraploid highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. hybrids, section Cyanococcus) with pollen from diploid V. arboreum Marshall (section Batodendron, sparkleberry), a drought-tolerant blueberry relative native in the southeastern United States. In an effort to produce tetraploid V. arboreum that could be crossed with highbush blueberry, more than 30,000 seeds were soaked in aqueous colchicine (0.1% to 0.2%) for 24 h or more. The seeds were germinated, and putative tetraploid plants (selected based on morphological characteristics) were grown long enough to obtain pollen for microscopic examination. Twelve selected seedlings that produced unusually large pollen tetrads were used as pollen parents in crosses with more than 40 different tetraploid highbush cultivars and advanced selections. Eighty-six crosses, in which a total of 17,968 flowers were pollinated, gave 1,569 plants that were verified as hybrids after one growing season in the field. Hybrids varied from very weak to quite vigorous, some equaling highbush cultivars in vigor. A few vigorous hybrids were male-sterile, but most had at least some pollen fertility. Of the most vigorous F1 hybrids, 12 of the most fertile, based on the amount of pollen shed and on the microscopic appearance of the pollen, were backcrossed to highbush cultivars, and 3919 backcross seedlings were obtained. These varied widely in vigor but averaged higher in vigor than their F1 interspecific hybrid parents.

scholarly journals The Genetic Composition and Tetrasomic Inbreeding Coefficients of Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1342-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K. Ehlenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Tetrasomic Inheritance ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Inheritance Model ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Per Se

Inbreeding coefficients were calculated for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars based on a tetrasomic inheritance model. This model yielded lower inbreeding coefficients than previous calculations based on a disomic tetraploid inheritance model. Recent trends in breeding have resulted in significant use of V. darrowi Camp as a source of low-chilling germplasm for use in the southern United States. There is also a trend toward increased inbreeding in several crosses from which recently released cultivars have been derived. Increased inbreeding coefficients do not represent a detrimental situation in blueberry per se.

scholarly journals Infection of Blueberry Cultivar ‘Emerald’ with a California Pierce’s Disease Strain of Xylella fastidiosa and Acquisition by Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Lindsey P. Burbank ◽  
Mark S. Sisterson ◽  
Michael L. O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Fastidiosa Strain ◽  
Southern Highbush

Bacterial leaf scorch disease caused by Xylella fastidiosa occurs in southern highbush blueberry varieties in the southeastern United States. Susceptibility to X. fastidiosa varies by blueberry cultivar, and these interactions are often strain-specific. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa is the causal agent of Pierce’s disease in grapevines, and it has been problematic in the San Joaquin Valley of California since the introduction of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis). The glassy-winged sharpshooter is known to feed on blueberry, a crop that is expanding in the San Joaquin Valley. Currently, little is known about the potential for the spread of X. fastidiosa between grape and blueberry in this region. The ability of a Pierce’s disease strain of X. fastidiosa from the San Joaquin Valley to cause disease in southern highbush blueberry and the potential for the glassy-winged sharpshooter to transmit X. fastidiosa between blueberry and grapevine were investigated. Experimental inoculations showed that the X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa strain Bakersfield-1 can cause disease in blueberry cv. Emerald, and that the glassy-winged sharpshooter can acquire X. fastidiosa from artificially inoculated blueberry plants under laboratory conditions. Understanding the possibility for X. fastidiosa strains from the San Joaquin Valley to infect multiple crops grown in proximity is important for area-wide pest and disease management.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness of Floral Buds in Three Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium coymbosum × V. Darrowi) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 898E-898
Author(s):  
Gena R. Silva ◽  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
Tissue Browning

Late spring frosts are a major concern to blueberry growers in the southeastern United States. Cold hardiness of flower buds (stages 4 to 6) was evaluated in three southern highbush blueberry cultivars (`Cooper', `O'Neal', and `Gulfcoast'). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and tissue browning tests revealed that the critical temperature and ovary damage occurred at –11C in `Cooper', –12C in `O'Neal', and –13C in `Gulfcoast'.

scholarly journals Xylella fastidiosa Isolates from Both subsp. multiplex and fastidiosa Cause Disease on Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) Under Greenhouse Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Oliver ◽  
P. A. Cobine ◽  
L. De La Fuente
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Southern Highbush

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited gram-negative plant pathogen that affects numerous crop species, including grape, citrus, peach, pecan, and almond. Recently, X. fastidiosa has also been found to be the cause of bacterial leaf scorch on blueberry in the southeastern United States. Thus far, all X. fastidiosa isolates obtained from infected blueberry have been classified as X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex; however, X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa isolates are also present in the southeastern United States and commonly cause Pierce’s disease of grapevines. In this study, seven southeastern U.S. isolates of X. fastidiosa, including three X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa isolates from grape, one X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa isolate from elderberry, and three X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex isolates from blueberry, were used to infect the southern highbush blueberry ‘Rebel’. Following inoculation, all isolates colonized blueberry, and isolates from both X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex and X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa caused symptoms, including characteristic stem yellowing and leaf scorch symptoms as well as dieback of the stem tips. Two X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex isolates from blueberry caused more severe symptoms than the other isolates examined, and infection with these two isolates also had a significant impact on host mineral nutrient content in sap and leaves. These findings have potential implications for understanding X. fastidiosa host adaptation and expansion and the development of emerging diseases caused by this bacterium.

Does Enhancing Mind Perception Affect Conspiracy Belief?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Noguera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Mind Perception ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
The Mind

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a novel mind perception manipulation. Mind perception is currently theorized to be an essential aspect of a number of human social psychological processes. Thus, a successful manipulation would allow for the causal study of those processes. This manipulation was created in an attempt to explore the downstream impact of mind perception on the endorsement of conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories are steadily becoming more and more prominent in social discourse. Endorsement of conspiracy theories are beginning to show real world ramifications such as a danger to human health (e.g., in the anti-vaccination movement). A sample of college students (valid N = 53) from a large rural institution in the southeastern United States participated for course credit. These participants completed a mind perception pretest, were randomly assigned to either the manipulation in question (in which participants are asked to consider the ‘mind’ of several targets and write their thoughts about them) or the control condition, and then they completed a posttest. The mixed ANOVA revealed that the interaction term between Time and Condition was not significant. Because the manipulation did not work, other analyses were aborted, in accord with the pre-registration. My Discussion focuses on the procedures and potential shortcomings of this manipulation, in an effort to lay the groundwork for a successful one.

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