Histogenèse et organogenèse de Picea pungens cultivé in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1318
Author(s):  
Louise Chrétien ◽  
Joachim Vieth
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Superficial Zone ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Needle Primordia

The histological events occurring both prior to and during the neoformation of adventitious buds on portions of vegetative buds of Picea pungens Engelmann are analysed. The formation of a superficial zone of meristematic tissue in needle primordia and needle primordium callus is followed by the differentiation of meristemoids and buds.

Néoformation de bourgeons adventifs sur des portions de bourgeons végétatifs de Picea pungens cv. Foliis aureis cultivées in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Chrétien ◽  
Joachim Vieth
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Portions of vegetative buds of Picea pungens were inoculated on an agar medium containing the following growth substances: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2-isopentenyladenine (2ip), and 2,3,5,-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). Bud neoformation and their subsequent development into shoots were obtained after 6 and 12 weeks of culture.

In vitro regeneration of plantlets of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with mycorrhizal roots from subcultured callus initiated from needle adventitious buds

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyanto ◽  
R. Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Hebeloma Cylindrosporum ◽  
Half Strength

Plantlets were regenerated from cultures established from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) meristematic tissue. Seedling explants were first stimulated to develop axillary buds. Developing axillary buds produced numerous new meristems that gave rise to globular adventitious buds located along the needles on half-strength modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with coconut milk and 6-benzylaminopurine. A histological study showed that these new buds originated from dedifferentiated mesophyll and epidermal tissues of the needles. Some of these buds were used for the regeneration of whole plantlets, others were excised and transferred to woody plant medium, on which calli developed at the bases of the microcuttings These calli were organogenic when subcultured on a hormone-free medium and initiated a large number of rooted plantlets that showed high potential to multiply themselves indefinitely. This is the first report of regeneration of Scots pine from a subculturable organogenic line. Mycorrhizae were initiated for both types of plantlets with Hebeloma cylindrosporum on a perlite substrate under fully controlled conditions. Mycorrhizae improved the transfer of the plantlets to ex vitro conditions. Key words: organogenesis, mycorrhizae, tissue culture, Pinus sylvestris.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of Wild Grapevine Populations (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) Grown Along the Danube River

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen F. POPESCU ◽  
Liviu C. DEJEU ◽  
Rafael R. OCETE
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
The Moment

The individuals belonging to three different groups of wild grapevines populations Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi harvested along, or near the Danube River, were described by means of usual ampelographic methods. The twenty standardized descriptors used for morphological analysis revealed obvious differentiation among analyzed populations. Out of 65 individuals, a half produced flowers with separate sex and a high proportion of them were males (70%). Pollen measurements on light microscope provided information on differences in pollen size among inside wild grapevine populations of V. sylvestris with the polar length varying between 15.3 and 23 μm and the equatorial length between 15.5 and 24.4μm. The in vitro regenerative potential from meristematic tissue tested with each phenotype showed that the moment of differentiation, the aspect of proliferative structures and the rate of multiplication varied inside these wild grapevine populations, without any correlation with the location of harvesting. Our results provided valuable information about these Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris populations, possible to be used as starting plant material for research in general and further breeding of cultivars and grapevine rootstocks.

scholarly journals Induction of callus and adventitious shoots on epicotyl and hypocotyl segments of cumaru (Dipteryx odorata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Paulo Tarso Barbosa Sampaio ◽  
Lyana Silva Jardim ◽  
Ariel Dotto Blind ◽  
Flavio Mauro Souza Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Clonal Multiplication ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata ◽  
Hypocotyl Segments

Somatic embryogenesis from callus induced in epicotyl and hypocotyl segments can be viable native species in order to better -benefit ratio costs, and rates of clonal multiplication. In this sense, two trials were established to induce callus and adventitious buds on hypocotyl and epicotyl segments of cumaru bean seedlings germinated in vitro in different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. At first, we used the MS medium supplementwith ANA (0.0, 1.5 mg.L-1) and TDZ (0.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg.L-1) distributed in factorial 2 x 3 x 2 (x auxin cytokinin x explant) with eight replications. In the second, it was used the WPM medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg L-1) and plus 2,4-D (2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) in a factorial 2 x 2 (auxin x explant) with 15 repetitions each. They were evaluating callus formation and the average number of adventitious shoots during the period of 90 days. The results indicated that the highest average for callus formation was observed when the explants were subjected to concentrations of 8.0 mg L-1 TDZ combined with 1.5 mg L-1 ANA in MS medium. For the formation of buds, the WPM medium plus 2.0 mg L-1 2,4-D in the second experiment, induced higher number of shoots, being significant the use of auxin, and its interaction with the type of explant.

scholarly journals Polyploidy in tissues of plants in vitro of grape somaclones

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Viktor Klimenko ◽  
Ekaterina Lushchay ◽  
Valeryi Zlenko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation

In vitro experimental plants obtained by clonal micropropagation of 9 grape somaclones of 5 original forms were the material for cytogenetic research. A biological microscope XSP-146TP was used for cytogenetic analysis. 823 cases of deviation from diploidy were observed in total. Significant tissue ploidy was observed in the meristematic tissue of in vitro plants of grape somaclones obtained by colchicine treatment of proembryogenic cells of various varieties. The significant direct correlation was found between the frequency of polyploidy in meristem tissues of in vitro plants and the number of chloroplasts in the stomata of grape somaclones. The reverse correlation was found between the frequency of polyploidy and the number of stomata on the leaf area. Somaclone No. 72, obtained as a result of regeneration from colchicinated proembryogenic cells of the Ruta grape variety and identified as a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 76), is recommended for use in the polyploid creation program.

scholarly journals Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to articular cartilage homeostasis through lubricin induction in the superficial zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjun Xuan ◽  
Fumiko Yano ◽  
Daisuke Mori ◽  
Ryota Chijimatsu ◽  
Yuji Maenohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Superficial Zone ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Signaling Activation ◽  
Signaling Activity

Abstract Background Both loss- and gain-of-function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes result in exacerbation of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we examined the activity and roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the superficial zone (SFZ) of articular cartilage. Methods Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity was analyzed using TOPGAL mice. We generated Prg4-CreERT2;Ctnnb1fl/fl and Prg4-CreERT2;Ctnnb1-ex3fl/wt mice for loss- and gain-of-function, respectively, of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the SFZ. Regulation of Prg4 expression by Wnt/β-catenin signaling was examined in vitro, as were upstream and downstream factors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SFZ cells. Results Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, as determined by the TOPGAL reporter, was high specifically in the SFZ of mouse adult articular cartilage, where Prg4 is abundantly expressed. In SFZ-specific β-catenin-knockout mice, OA development was significantly accelerated, which was accompanied by decreased Prg4 expression and SFZ destruction. In contrast, Prg4 expression was enhanced and cartilage degeneration was suppressed in SFZ-specific β-catenin-stabilized mice. In primary SFZ cells, Prg4 expression was downregulated by β-catenin knockout, while it was upregulated by β-catenin stabilization by exon 3 deletion or treatment with CHIR99021. Among Wnt ligands, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, and Wnt9a were highly expressed in SFZ cells, and recombinant human WNT5A and WNT5B stimulated Prg4 expression. Mechanical loading upregulated expression of these ligands and further promoted Prg4 transcription. Moreover, mechanical loading and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation increased mRNA levels of Creb1, a potent transcription factor for Prg4. Conclusions We demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates Prg4 expression in the SFZ of mouse adult articular cartilage, which plays essential roles in the homeostasis of articular cartilage.

Control of morphogenetic pathways in thin cell layers of tobacco by pH

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cousson ◽  
P. Toubart ◽  
K. Tran Thanh Van
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Thin cell layer explants of tobacco were floated in vitro on the surface of liquid culture media. The initial exogenous concentrations of indolyl-3-butyric acid, and kinetin, the initial medium pH, and the explant density were varied. Various patterns of de novo and direct differentiation without any intermediate callus (flower, vegetative bud, root) as well as the absence of morphogenesis and callus formation without any subsequent organogenesis were separately controlled on 100% of the explants. On the same exogenous combination of glucose, indolyl-3-butyric acid, and kinetin, changes in initial medium pH changed the pattern of morphogenesis. For a given initial exogenous indolyl-3-butyric acid concentration, vegetative buds were obtained at either pH 6.1 or 7.8, whereas a mixture of flowers and vegetative buds was obtained at pH 6.8. Furthermore, changes in explant density changed the morphogenetic response. It is suggested that the effects of the initial medium pH and explant density on morphogenesis may be related partially to modifications of the physicochemical properties of the cell wall and (or) plasmalemma.

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