Endomycorrhizal colonization of glasshouse-grown wheat as influenced by fertilizer salts when banded or soil-mixed

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1196-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Anne Davis ◽  
J. L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
Take All

Seven different species from three genera of common vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi differed in the extent of their root colonization and in their effect on growth of winter wheat when applied in combination with different forms of nitrogen ([Formula: see text] vs. [Formula: see text]) and fertilizer anions (Cl−, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), treatments that influence other soil fungi such as the take-all disease organism, Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici. Banded fertilizer salts, singly and in combinations, were more inhibitory to root colonization by most VAM species than were incorporated salts. [Formula: see text] salts were more inhibitory to both wheat growth and VAM development than were [Formula: see text] salts. Two Glomus species, G. clarum and G. fasciculatum, appeared to be salt tolerant, developing abundant vesicles, hyphae, and colonizations to near 50% in the presence of incorporated (NH4)2SO4 or NH4Cl. However, colonizations often were not indicative of growth responses; e.g., colonizations of 10% by Gigaspora gilmorei or 20 to 40% by Glomus species often depressed growth, whereas 5 to 10% colonization by Acaulospora spinosa in the presence of NH4Cl + KCl stimulated growth significantly. The effect of Cl− (with [Formula: see text]) in suppressing the pathogenic take-all fungus did not occur with symbiotic VAM fungi. The results indicate the relative effectiveness of certain species in tolerating liberal fertilization as well as their potential for stimulating or depressing plant growth.

Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

scholarly journals The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and root colonization of ten strawberry cultivars

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vestberg
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Dependency Index ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Ten strawberry cultivars, four early maturing, three late maturing and three “special” cultivars, were inoculated with six strains of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in a pot experiment. Growth effects and colonization of the VAM fungi were studied. Three strains, Glomus macrocarpum V3, G. mosseae Rothamsted and G. sp. V4, were highly efficient, causing significant growth increases in most cultivars. ’Jonsok’ showed the highest mycorrhizal dependency index, 648, and ’Ostara’ the lowest, 269, for the mean response of all six fungi. The fungal strains which increased shoot growth the most also increased the runner plant formation the most. Early cultivars showed higher colonization percentages than late maturing cultivars. Sporulation of the introduced VAM fungi was on average more abundant in early and special cultivars than in late cultivars. Root colonization and strawberry shoot dry weight correlated significantly in most cultivars, but the correlation between colonization and runner formation was generally poor.

scholarly journals Effect of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Tissue Culture-derived Plantlets of Strawberry

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 903-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC.G. Chávez ◽  
R. Ferrera-Cerrato
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Glomus Versiforme ◽  
Glomus Macrocarpum ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Sp

The responses of four micropropagated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars (`Douglas', `Tioga', `Aiko', and `Pajaro') to colonization by three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were determined under nursery conditions. Species of VAM endophytes were Glomus sp. CPH-23, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul., and Glomus versiforme Berth & Trappe. Yield in VAM plants tended to exceed that of nonVAM plants during the latter part of the harvest, but VAM effects differed widely with host-endophyte combinations. Cultivar-endophyte combinations producing the best yield were `Douglas'-Glomus sp. CPH-23, `Tioga'- G. macrocarpum, and `Aiko'- G. versiforme. The number of strawberries per plant differed significantly (P < 0.01) for `Tioga', depending on the cndophytes used. Root colonization by the endophytes varied from 25% to 75%. Yield was not related to colonization.

scholarly journals Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation of sour orange seedlings in Barbados

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Stan Michelini ◽  
Stan Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
Vigorous Plant

A citrus seedbed was established August 1984 on the west coast of Barbados. Before being planted and inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, one-half the seedbed was fumigated with methyl bromide; the other half was untreated. Four weeks after fumigation, four treatments, Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae, indigenous VAM fungi, and a noninoculated control were established in each half of the test. Early vigorous plant growth in the nonfumigated half of the plot suggested that indigenous VAM may have colonized and stimulated plant growth earlier than the treatments in the fumigated portion. Three months after inoculation, plants in both portions of the plot were growing well. In the fumigated area, application of two Glomus species, which were introduced from Florida, resulted in a significant improvement in plant growth over the control. This occurred in spite of the fact that infection levels in control roots were similar to those in inoculated roots. This study suggests that, when possible, alternative pesticides not harmful to VAM fungi should be used in place of methyl bromide fumigation to conserve these fungi in agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Enhanced N-Transfer from a Soybean to Maize by Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi

1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 562-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher van Kessel ◽  
Paul W. Singleton ◽  
Heinz J. Hoben
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Field nursery inoculation of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. seedling rootstock with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi

1992 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ikram ◽  
A. W. Mahmud ◽  
M. N. Ghani ◽  
M. T. Ibrahim ◽  
A. B. Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Field Nursery

Method and time of alfalfa termination affects cereal growth and weed populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
M. J. Clapperton ◽  
A. L. Boswall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
N Content ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Experiments were established on irrigated land at Lethbridge, Alberta, to determine the effect of timing and method of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) termination on weed abundance, soil moisture and N content, cereal yield and colonization of roots by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Alfalfa growth was terminated using no, minimum, and conventional tillage in either late summer, early fall, or spring. Herbicide was applied or tillage was used to control volunteer alfalfa, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.), and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader] before seeding cereals. Dandelion and volunteer alfalfa density tended to be greatest after no-tillage treatments, and poor in-crop alfalfa control likely reduced cereal yields in no-tillage plots. In contrast, the major in-crop broadleaf weed, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), was most dense (7 plants m-2) in tilled plots. Both wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yields were reduced 9 to 12% after alfalfa termination with no-tillage treatments compared with minimum or conventional tillage. In spring, after seeding, available soil N content averaged 138, 101 and 79 kg ha-1 for conventional-, minimum-and no-tillage plots, respectively; however, fall no-tillage treatments seemed to supply sufficient N for wheat and barley. Soil moisture content tended to be similar after all termination treatments. Wheat and barley responded differently to time and method of termination in terms of seedling root length and colonization by VAM fungi. The percentage of root colonized by VAM fungi was greater on both barley and wheat in no-tillage compared to cultivated treatments. It may be possible to have similar wheat and barley yields after no tillage and tilled alfalfa termination if no-tillage termination is initiated in fall and effective incrop herbicides are used for volunteer alfalfa and dandelion control. Key words: Alfalfa termination, no-tillage, N, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, weed density

COLONIZATION OF PEACH ROOTSTOCKS BY INDIGENOUS VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (VAM) FUNGI

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TRAQUAIR ◽  
S. M. BERCH
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Peach Rootstocks ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Six-month-old seedling rootstocks of peach cultivars Siberian C, Bailey and Harrow Blood, and mature trees in a 4-yr-old orchard which was planted with rootstock cultivars Siberian C, Bailey, Harrow Blood, Chui Lum Tao, Tzim Pee Tao, Lovell, Halford, H7338013, H7338016 and H7338019 grafted with scion cultivar Redhaven, were rated for colonization by indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after growth in a local sandy soil. Feeder roots of all the rootstocks were heavily colonized. However, no significant differences between the cultivars were observed with respect to percentage of root lengths colonized under these field conditions. Fungi identified on the basis of spore extraction from soil around colonized roots included G. aggregatum, G. mosseae, G. tortuosum, Scutellospora aurigloba, and S. calospora.Key words: Intraspecific receptivity, endomycorrhizae, Prunus persica

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