Monoterpene and morphological variation and hybridization of Pinus contorta and P. banksiana in Alberta

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Pollack ◽  
Bruce P. Dancik
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

Five xylem oleoresin monoterpenes and 17 morphological characters of trees in four pine stands in Alberta were measured to delineate pure lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) from jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.) in a region where hybridization commonly has been reported. Multivariate analysis determined α-pinene, β-phellandrene, and needle length best separated the taxa. The monoterpene composition of two putative hybrid stands at Onoway and Devon closely resembled that of jack pine. Analysis of the four major monoterpenes in an additional 10 stands allowed the identification of a transition zone between jack pine and lodgepole pine stands, which occurred farther west than previously reported and contained stands of highly variable monoterpene types. Trees in this region morphologically resembled lodgepole pine. The presence of variant monoterpene types in Front Range lodgepole pine stands and their absence from the Cypress Hills provide evidence for introgression of jack pine into lodgepole pine. No evidence of gene flow from lodgepole pine to jack pine was found. The two putative hybrid stands at Onoway and Devon probably consisted mostly of jack pine, with a small complement of hybrids.

Population structure of a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (P. banksiana) complex as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance Z Ye ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Francis C Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Putative Hybrid

We studied the population structure of a lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) complex in west central Alberta and neighboring areas by assessing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variability in 23 lodgepole pine, 9 jack pine, and 8 putative hybrid populations. Of 200 random primers screened, 10 that amplified 39 sharp and reproducible RAPDs were chosen for the study. None of the 39 RAPDs were unique to the parental species. RAPD diversity ranged from 0.085 to 0.190 among populations and averaged 0.143 for lodgepole pine, 0.156 for jack pine, 0.152 for hybrids, and 0.148 for all 40 populations. The estimated population differentiation based on GST was 0.168 for hybrids, 0.162 for lodgepole pine, 0.155 for jack pine, and 0.247 across all 40 populations. Cluster analysis of genetic distances generally separated jack pine from lodgepole pine and hybrids, but no division could be identified that further separated lodgepole pine from hybrids. The observed weak to mild trend of "introgression by distance" in the complex and neighbouring areas was consistent with the view that introgressive hybridization between lodgepole and jack pines within and outside the hybrid zone may have been through secondary contact and primary intergradation, respectively.Key words: introgression, lodgepole–jack pine complex, natural hybridization, random amplified polymorphic DNA.

Predicting survival of lodgepole pine stands infected with western gall rust

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Wolken ◽  
P V Blenis ◽  
I Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Pine Stands

The probability of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) having main-stem galls caused by western gall rust, Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka, surviving to rotation is unknown. To evaluate survival, 400 galled trees with at least one stem gall and 400 trees without stem galls were measured in 1992 in two precommercially thinned stands approximately 20 years old. The survival of trees was assessed in 2003. Nonlinear regression using iteratively reweighted least squares was employed to estimate the survival of galled trees as a function of the proportion of the main stem encircled by galls. Galls encircling >79% and >91% of the stem in the two stands increased the risk of mortality relative to non-galled trees, with the risk increasing steeply with percent gall encirclement; smaller stem galls did not cause tree mortality. The 11-year pattern of survival of galled trees was similar for infections that occurred on the main stem and those that had reached the stem from a nearby branch infection. Based on an earlier model of gall expansion, 38%–43% of stem-galled trees would be expected to survive until age 80. Scribing of stem galls to prevent their expansion does not appear to be a feasible management strategy.

Genetic variability among and within closely spaced populations of lodgepole pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Genetic Pattern ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Slight Deficiency ◽  
F Statistics

The genetic composition of Pinus contorta var. latifolia as determined by isozyme analysis was assessed and examined at two hierarchical levels; within closely spaced populations and within adjacent subpopulations. Four populations of lodgepole pine consisting of 125 trees each were sampled along an elevational gradient spanning a distance of approximately 2 km in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. Each population was further divided into five subpopulations. Four isozymes were electrophoretically resolved from needle tissue removed from each tree. Statistics characterizing the genetic structure were calculated including measures of genetic variability, tests of allelic heterogeneity, and F statistics. The results indicate that lodgepole pine has a relatively low level of genetic variation with 44% of its loci polymorphic, an average of 1.33 alleles per locus, heterozygous at 13.5% of their loci, and a polymorphic index of 0.144. Slightly less than 1% of the observed genetic variability resided among the four populations with the remainder residing among the individuals within populations. A slight deficiency of heterozygotes was indicated by the F statistics analysis. Allelic distributions at the subpopulation level indicated that clustering was evident although not a predominant characteristic of the genetic pattern. It is suggested that inbreeding and (or) the pooling of individuals from different breeding groups are likely phenomena contributing to the genetic pattern in lodgepole pine over microgeographical distances.Key words: genetic variability, lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia, isozyme.

scholarly journals Winter Habitat Use by Moose, Alces alces, in Central Interior British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Proulx ◽  
Rhonda M. Kariz
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

In central British Columbia, recent epidemics of Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) have resulted in the use of expansive clearcut areas to remove infested mature and old Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) stands. This study aimed to determine if Moose (Alces alces) use late-successional Lodgepole Pine stands in mid- to late-winter. Moose activity and habitat use was determined during February-March track surveys in 2000 (60 km) and 2001 (55.7 km). In 2000 (69 tracks) and 2001 (313 tracks), Moose track distribution differed significantly (P < 0.05) from random. They were significantly more abundant than predicted in young stands (dominated by Picea spp.), or early seral stages; they were less abundant than predicted in mature and old Lodgepole Pine stands. It is unlikely that harvesting late-successional Lodgepole Pine stands would affect Moose winter habitat supply.

Plant community attributes 12 to 14 years following precommercial thinning in a young lodgepole pine forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M.F Lindgren ◽  
D B Ransome ◽  
D S Sullivan ◽  
T P Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Moss Layer ◽  
Pine Stands

We investigated plant community responses (abundance, species diversity, and structural diversity) to a range of precommercial thinning densities in young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands 12 to 14 years after thinning, with both unthinned and old-growth stands for comparison. Abundance of understory plants, especially herbs, appeared to increase dramatically in the thinned stands. The moss layer was significantly more abundant in old-growth stands than in the young pine stands. Of a total of 108 species sampled, only three were introduced species, all of which occurred more frequently in the low-density stands than in any of the other stands. Thinning treatments appeared to increase the abundance of late-seral species. Our results suggest that by disrupting canopy closure, thinning decreased the dominance of tall trees and increased the abundance of herbs, shrubs, and trees in the understory height classes. As a result, thinning to low densities significantly increased the structural richness of the tree layer and caused an increase in total structural diversity, which, although only marginally significant (p = 0.06), was likely biologically important. Our results suggest that thinning will enhance the abundance, species diversity, and structural diversity of the plant community 12 to 14 years postthinning.

Stability of resistance to western gall rust and needle cast in lodgepole pine provenances

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry X Wu ◽  
Cheng C Ying
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Site Evaluation

Stability of 76 interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia Engelm.) provenances in resistance to western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. More) Y. Hiratsuka) and needle cast (Lophodermella concolor (Dearn.) Darker) was investigated from 19 and 23 sites in the British Columbia interior, respectively. Provenances, sites, and provenance by site interaction had significant effects on severity level of infection of both diseases. Susceptible provenances contributed mainly to the interaction. The resistant provenances to both diseases were very stable and essentially homeostatic across sites (regression coefficient approaching 0). Resistant provenances were concentrated in the jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) - lodgepole pine hybrid zone and adjacent areas, and provenances from the low-elevation interior wetbelt were also very resistant to needle cast. Geographic patterns of provenance variation revealed that the closer a lodgepole pine provenance is to the limit of jack pine distribution, the higher and more stable is its resistance to western gall rust and needle cast. The current multiple-site evaluation supports for the hypothesis that jack pine introgression influences pest defence in lodgepole pine and suggests genetic selection can be effective.

Population differentiation of the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) complex in Alberta: growth, survival, and responses to climate

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratias M. Rweyongeza ◽  
Narinder K. Dhir ◽  
Leonard K. Barnhardt ◽  
Christine Hansen ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
High Elevations

Growth and survival of 33 populations from a species complex involving interior lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) and jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and their natural hybrids in Alberta were evaluated at ages 5, 10, and 15 years in eight test sites across Alberta. We determined population differentiations by estimating Mahalanobis distances between populations from the canonical discriminant analysis of the total variability and by calculating dissimilarity indexes between populations from the quadratic regression of overall growth and survival on the overall climate. The grouping of the populations based on the Mahalanobis distances showed that most jack pine populations could be separated from lodgepole and hybrid populations, but no further subdivision was possible to distinguish lodgepole from hybrid populations. This clustering pattern was remarkably similar to the grouping based on molecular markers as shown in our earlier study. This pattern of grouping is best explained by a clear elevational demarcation between jack pine at low elevations and lodgepole pine and hybrids at midrange and high elevations. The grouping of the populations based on the dissimilarity indexes revealed a somewhat contrasting pattern; most lodgepole pine populations were in one group, whereas jack pine and hybrid populations were mixed up in the other group. The two contrasting patterns of grouping suggest that nonclimatic factors such as edaphic preference and habitat disturbances are also important in determining population distributions and niche spaces in the lodgepole – jack pine complex.

scholarly journals Commercial thinning effects on growth, yield and mortality in natural lodgepole pine stands in Alberta

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Sanatan Das Gupta ◽  
Bradley D. Pinno ◽  
Tim McCready
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Individual Trees

There is an expected decrease in the short to mid-term timber supply of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in Alberta, Canada due to the impacts of past fires and the mountain pine beetle outbreak. Commercial thinning is a potential option for increasing mid-term sawlog timber supply by decreasing the time needed for individual trees to reach merchantable size, through providing access to fiber earlier in the rotation, and from the ability to keep mature stands on the stump longer. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of commercial thinning in stands of different ages. Stands less than 70 years old at thinning were classified as commercial thinning (CT), whereas stands greater than 70 years at thinning were classified as salvage thinning (ST). Tree growth and survival were measured every five years from 1996 to 2016 in both thinned and unthinned stands. Fifteen years post-thinning, stand volume was less in the thinned stands relative to the unthinned controls. However, when volume removed at thinning was considered, volume gain from thinned stands was greater than that from the controls in both thinning treatments. Individual tree DBH and live crown ratio were also greater in thinned stands relative to controls. Thinning favored diameter gain mostly in the medium-sized trees in CT but both small to medium-sized trees in ST. Thinning reduced mortality in all stands relative to the controls and a maximum of 50% reduction in mortality was observed in CT. Overall, the findings suggest that natural lodgepole pine stands may respond to commercial thinning with a net gain in cumulative volume at final harvest.

scholarly journals Representatives of thePine Family (Pinaceae Lindl.) of the North American Flora in the Collection of the Dendrological Garden named after V.N. Nilov (NRIF)

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
Natalia Demidova ◽  
◽  
Tatiana Durkina ◽  
Liudmila Gogoleva ◽  
Natalia Vasiljeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Natural Range

The article presents the results of the introduction of the North American flora woody species of the pine family (Pinaceae Lindl.) to the European North of Russia. The research purpose is to select the most valuable specimens for introduction into northern conditions from the tree species collection. The research has involved experimental, calculation, analytical, and comparative methods. The conclusion on the result of the introduction of a particular plant was based on the materials of long-term phenological observations, which were carried out according to the method of botanical gardens improved for the conditions of the European North of Russia. As a result of the introduction of North American species of the Pinaceae Lindl. family to the region, a large-scale test of foreign conifers was carried out for the first time; a collection of 2 species of fir, 4 species and 3 forms of spruce, 2 species of pine, and 1 species of Douglas fir was created. Most attention was paid to the introduction of species of the genus Pinus. Positive results of cultivation of Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats. in the Dendrological garden allowed us to select it for further introduction testing in experimental plantations of the region. On plantations located in the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions and the Komi Republic, 104.2 ths seedlings were grown from the seed samples, mostly from the northern natural range of this pine. Unfortunately, not all of the breeding material for the North American pine species tested was derived from natural growth sites, which puts into question some of the unsatisfactory results. Therefore, for Jack pine and Weymouth pine, it is advisable to use in testing additional samples from the most northern regions of their natural ranges in Canada. Many of these species are of both scientific and practical interest for forestry. To assess the economic value of those introduced species, adaptive capabilities of which in the conditions of the European North according to the results of studies are not in doubt, it is advisable to lay out pilot plantations in the region, similar to the already created plantings of North American lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats.). The concentration of different species like balsam fir (Abies balsamea Mill.), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursch.) Poir.), American larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch.), Canadian spruce (Picea glauca Voss.), Engelmann’s spruce (Picea engelmannii Engelm.), black spruce (Picea mariana Britt.), Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats.), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.), involving several seed origins from the most northern regions of its natural range for each, in 2-3 forest areas will allow creating a valuable introduction object; scientific and practical importance of those mentioned cannot be overestimated.

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