Developmental morphology of the gall of Urophora cardui (Diptera, Tephritidae) in the stems of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1372-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Lalonde ◽  
J. D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Nutritive Tissue ◽  
Callus Tissues

Urophora cardui (L.) induces a large multichambered gall in stem tissues of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Four phases in gall development are identified: initiation, growth, maturation, and dehiscence. Initiation begins when larvae tunnel from a shoot tip into the developing stem and change the polarity of pith and procambial tissues. These cells become gall parenchyma and proliferate during the growth phase. Procambial strands and gall laticifers appear among the gall parenchyma and the cells nearest the larvae differentiate into primary nutritive cells. In the maturation phase, gall tissues cease proliferating, procambial strands near the larvae give rise to secondary nutritive tissue, and all remaining gall parenchyma lignifies. Dehiscence occurs when callus tissues at the top of the gall degrade. Developmental studies utilizing insect-induced galls may increase our understanding of normal plant growth and development.

scholarly journals SGRL can regulate chlorophyll metabolism and contributes to normal plant growth and development in Pisum sativum L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bell ◽  
Carol Moreau ◽  
Catherine Chinoy ◽  
Rebecca Spanner ◽  
Marion Dalmais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

ROLE OF UROPHORA CARDUI (L.) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS GALL ON STEMS OF CANADA THISTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Shorthouse ◽  
Robert G. Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Nutritive Tissue ◽  
Maturation Phase ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Concentrated Solution

AbstractStems of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), with galls of Urophora cardui (L.) at various stages of development, were brushed with a concentrated solution of dimefhoate to kill the gall-inducing larvae. Tissues of untreated and treated galls were compared to study the influence of larvae on each phase of gall growth and development. Galls treated in the initiation phase stopped growing. Galls treated in the growth phase grew slightly, primary nutritive tissue was replaced by a thick layer of proliferating callus, and lignified tissue appeared in its normal location. Galls treated in the maturation phase retained the arrangement of their secondary nutritive tissue but it degraded and callus did not develop in the larval chambers. We concluded that active larvae were necessary for normal gall growth and for the retention of primary nutritive cells, but larvae were not necessary for the formation of lignified tissues or for the retention of secondary nutritive cells.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

Response of Poinsettia Growth and Development to Ratio of Radiant to Thermal Energy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 508e-508
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Highly Correlated

A concept of ratio of radiant to thermal energy (RRT) has been developed to deal with the interactive effect of light and temperature on plant growth and development. This study further confirms that RRT is a useful parameter for plant growth, development, and quality control. Based on greenhouse experiments conducted with 27 treatment combinations of temperature, light, and plant spacing, a model for poinsettia plant growth and development was constructed using the computer program STELLA II. Results from the model simulation with different levels of daily light integral, temperature, and plant spacing showed that the RRT significantly affects leaf unfolding rate when RRT is lower than 0.025 mol/degree-day per plant. Plant dry weight is highly correlated with RRT; it increases linearly as RRT increases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document