Local variation in seeds of ponderosa pine

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Ager ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
South Central ◽  
Population Component

Variation in seed morphology among populations of ponderosa pine growing in south central Oregon was examined. A total of nine populations was sampled from a range of elevations within each of two distinct soil types: basalt residuals derived from Pliocene basalt flows and wind-deposited pumice originating from the eruption of Mt. Mazama 7600 years ago. Overall, an unusually diverse array of seed morphology was encountered. Slight but significant differences in seed shape and color were present between populations from the two soil types. Except for seed weight, no significant differences were found between populations within soils. Variation in seed weight was negatively correlated with seed source moisture as measured by elevation. For all traits studied, variance components for populations and soils were relatively minor, the within-population component accounting for a major portion of the total variation. Hypotheses are offered to explain the high levels of within-population diversity in seed traits as an adaptation to a spatially heterogeneous environment, as well as a defense against the foraging behavior of seed predators. Also, the possible adaptive significance of the observed variation in seed traits is discussed in relation to seedbed properties of the respective soils.

The seed morphology and anatomy of the allium anisopodium on the seed genebank

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Binderya G ◽  
Tumenjargal D
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Seed Type ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The paper presents the results of the study on seed morphology and anatomy of Allium anisopodium Ldb. The seed shape is elliptic, glossy-black in color. The seed surface is scaly and its hilum appears in white color. The seed size is 1.7-2.1 mm long, 1.2-1.4 wide, 0.5-2.1 mm in thick and one thousand seed weight is 1.9 g. The anatomical structure is endospermic one cotyledons seed type. The seed coat thin and cotyledon is emphasized apparently from longitudinal section. The embryo is curved, coiled and black colored embryonic roots are relatively thick. The endosperm is surrounded by seed coat moreover between the cotyledon and embryo.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Seed Traits Considering Some Genotypes of Wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sudip Mandal ◽  
Utpal Biswas ◽  
Prabir Chakraborti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Superior Genotype ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Heritability

To evaluate the superior genotype (s) with the authenticate selection procedure, twenty (20) various wheat genotypes were undertaken utilizing their qualitative seed attributes like morphology and biochemical action through studies on genetic variability. The statistical design CRD was followed to analyse those seed traits on collected seed from the farms. Considering the seed morphology, V14 (HD3218) genotype showed prominence effect though an inconsistent leaning was observed for biochemical activities considering diverse genotypes in addition to wide range of variable expression for all characters among genotypes. Coefficient of variation provided a relative measure on variance among different traits. GCV and PCV were found highest in thousand seed weight followed by seed volume, length-breadth ratio, seed breadth etc. In biochemical parameters, the GCV and PCV specified its maximum difference for certain characters like soluble protein, peroxidase etc. but the values were very near in other cases representing high heritability. Heritability played a vital role in deciding the aptness and approach for selection of the character. Water absorption potential at initiation and after 24 hours, thousand (1000) seed weight, seed volume, peroxidase activity of fresh seed had high heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean specified the multitude of additive gene action. These characters could be upgraded through selection procedure and these were most significant characteristic of seed. Hence, the assortment built on these traits would be very active for wheat genotype grown under West Bengal condition. 

Patterns of seed polymorphism and allozyme variation in the bladder campions, Silene vulgaris and Silene uniflora (Caryophyllaceae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1868-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Runyeon ◽  
Honor C. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Allozyme Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Population Component

Seed morphology (testa ornamentation and seed shape) and allozyme variation were investigated in three closely related and partially sympatric taxa of Silene in the Nordic region. Within this region, Silene vulgaris is a widespread weed of anthropogenic habitats. The two subspecies of Silene uniflora are restricted to naturally open habitats; ssp. uniflora has a coastal distribution, whereas the Swedish endemic, ssp. petraea, is restricted to limestone habitats on the islands of Öland and Gotland. All three taxa show a seed ornamentation polymorphism, with individuals producing either tubercled or smooth ("armadillo") seeds. Both seed morphology and allozymes show a separation between the two species Silene vulgaris and Silene uniflora and support the present taxonomic treatment of the endemic "petraea" as a subspecies of Silene uniflora. Tubercled seeds predominate in Silene vulgaris and armadillo seeds predominate in Silene uniflora. However, there is considerable between-population variation in seed morph frequencies within taxa. In contrast to the other two taxa, populations of Silene uniflora ssp. petraea consistently show intermediate frequencies of both seed morphs. Silene uniflora ssp. petraea has the lowest between-population component of diversity in both seed shape (18–46%) and allozymes (0.8%) and shows no significant geographic structure in any of the character sets. Both Silene uniflora ssp. uniflora and Silene vulgaris show significant geographic differentiation in allozymes and seed morphology. The highest between-population component of diversity was found in Silene uniflora ssp. uniflora, where 17% of the total allozyme diversity and 39–82% of the seed shape diversity are accounted for by differences between populations. Key words: allozymes, geographic differentiation, diversity, seed shape, elliptic Fourier coefficients, Landmark characters.

Detection and Mapping of RAPD Markers Associated with QTL Affecting Seed Size and Shape in Common Bean

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 547b-547
Author(s):  
Soon O. Park ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne ◽  
Geunhwa Jung ◽  
E. Arnaud-Santana ◽  
H. Ariyarathne
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Ri Lines

Seed size is an important trait in common bean. The objective was to identify RAPD markers associated with QTL for seed weight, seed length, and seed height in a molecular marker-based linkage map in a recombinant inbred (RI) population from the common bean cross of the larger seeded (100 seed/39 to 47 g) PC-50 (ovate seed shape) × smaller seeded (100 seed/26 to 35 g) XAN-159 (flat rhomboidal seed shape). The parents and RI lines were grown in two separate greenhouse and two field (Wisconsin, Dominican Republic) experiments using a RCBD. Continuous distributions for seed weight, seed length, and seed height were observed for RI lines indicating quantitative inheritance. One to three QTLs affecting seed weight explained 17% to 41% of the phenotypic variation. Two to three QTLs for seed length explained 23% to 45% of the phenotypic variation. One to four QTL associated with seed height explained 17% to 39% of the phenotypic variation. A RAPD marker M5.850 in linkage group 3 was consistently associated with seed weight, seed length, and seed height in all experiments and explained 7% to 13% of the phenotypic variation for these traits. A seedcoat pattern morphological marker (C) in linkage group 1 was associated with seed weight and seed height in two greenhouse experiments.

Ectomycorrhizal communities of ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine in the south-central Oregon pumice zone

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria O. Garcia ◽  
Jane E. Smith ◽  
Daniel L. Luoma ◽  
Melanie D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
The South ◽  
South Central ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Communities

scholarly journals Inoculum Reduction Measures to Manage Armillaria Root Disease in a Severely Infected Stand of Ponderosa Pine in South-Central Washington: 35-Year Results

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Shaw ◽  
D.W. Omdal ◽  
A. Ramsey-Kroll ◽  
L.F. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
No Removal ◽  
South Central ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract A stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) severely affected by Armillaria root disease was treated with five different levels of sanitation by root removal to reduce root disease losses in the regenerating stand. Treatments included the following: (1) all trees pushed over by machine, maximum removal of roots by machine ripping, and visible remaining roots removed by hand; (2) all trees pushed over by machine and maximum removal of roots by machine ripping; (3) all trees pushed over by machine with no further removal of roots; (4) smaller trees pushed over by machine but large stumps left, otherwise maximum removal of roots by machine ripping; and (5) all trees felled and removed by skidding, area cleared of slash, sod scalped, and no removal of roots. After 35 years, we found that the more intense and thorough root-removal treatments were generally more effective in reducing the occurrence of Armillaria root disease. However, even the most intensive treatment (treatment 1), which experienced significantly less disease than most other treatments, had 23% of the area expressing mortality. The only operationally feasible treatment (treatment 3) also reduced levels of mortality, but not significantly (40% mortality versus 52% in the control, treatment 5). Although these results support the concept that inoculum removal can reduce root disease levels, the treatment necessary to provide a meaningful reduction in disease loss does not seem to warrant its cost.

scholarly journals Seed micromorphological study on endemic and subendemic species of Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae Juss.) in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Soghra Ramzi ◽  
Shahryar Saedi-Mehrvarz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Seed morphology of 12 Iranian endemic and subendemic species of Veronica was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seven qualitative and quantitative characters were measured using SEM micrographs and stereomicroscopy. The seed shape of most species is ovate and plano-convex. The size of seeds ranges from 1.25 x 0.75 mm in V. khorassanica to 2.5 x 1.75 mm in V. viscosa Boiss. The ornamentation of seed coat is reticulate-verrucate in V. khorassanica, V. czerniakowskiana, V. mazanderanae and V. rubrifolia, reticulate-rugate in V. acrotheca, V. aucheri, V. viscosa and V. intercedens, rugose in V. microcarpa, V. chionantha and V. rechingeri, and reticulate-porate in V. gaubae. The testa cells are polygonal in ten species and irregular in two species. Micromorphological characters of seeds are useful in specific and subspecific delimitations of Iranian Veronica.

Seed Shape Diversity in families of the Order Ranunculales

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 425 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÈ JAVIER MARTÍN-GÓMEZ ◽  
AGNIESZKA REWICZ ◽  
EMILIO CERVANTES
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
The Third ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Seed shape in the order Ranunculales is described with the objective of characterizing the morphological seed types in the families of this order and to establish a correlation between seed shape, plant structure and life style.         Based on previous work in model plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula), we have used the J index to estimate the percentage of similarity of the image of a seed with a geometric shape. The images of seeds of model plants resemble cardioid or cardioid-derived models, while seeds from other species with rapid life cycles resemble other, also simple geometrical figures. In general, seed shape may help establishing the relationships between taxonomic groups.         Three types of seed morphology are distinguished in the Ranunculales based on values of J index. In the first type, seeds in the Berberidaceae, Euptelaceae and Lardizabalaceae, adjust well to an oval. The second type, seeds in the Papaveraceae, adjust well to the cardioid model, and the third type, seeds in the Ranunculaceae, adjust well to diverse geometric shapes, including the oval, truncated cardioid, Fibonacci spiral and ellipse. In the Ranunculales, seed shape is varied and often related to geometrical figures.                The presence of cardioid derived models in the Papaveraceae supports our hypothesis that seeds resembling the cardioid are frequent in plants with rapid life cycles.Ranunculales

Flexibility in foraging and roosting behaviour by the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Brigham
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Eptesicus Fuscus ◽  
Foraging Area ◽  
South Central ◽  
Big Brown Bats ◽  
Big Brown Bat ◽  
Pine Trees

I used radiotelemetry to study the roosting and foraging behaviour of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in south central British Columbia. Maternity colonies were found in hollows of dead ponderosa pine trees (Pinus ponderosa) and colony members were not loyal to specific trees. Individuals consistently foraged above a 300-m stretch of the Okanagan River, travelling 1.8 km on average from day roosts to the foraging area. There were significant differences in the duration of foraging bouts among different sex and age-classes. The results are compared with data collected in a similar manner for a population in Ontario, where, in contrast to British Columbia, E. fuscus were highly loyal to man-made roost structures and on average travelled less than 1 km to foraging sites that varied nightly. I suggest that the marked difference in both roosting and foraging behaviour is due to differences in the availability and structure of roosts and in the distribution of insect prey.

Seed morphology of perennial taxa of Euphorbia section Pithyusa (Euphorbiaceae) in Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 336 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
İLKER GENÇ ◽  
ŞÜKRAN KÜLTÜR
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study based on seed morphology of perennial Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) sect. Pithyusa species occurring in Turkey is presented. A total of 14 species were studied. Seed characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as dissecting light microscopy. Significant features are: seed size, seed shape, shape of caruncle and seed surface ornamentation. Three different seed surface types (smooth, pitted, and wrinkled) were observed. Four main seed shapes (ovoid, oblong, quadrangular, and globose), as well as seven types of seed coat ornamentation (reticulate-areolate, areolate, alveolate, falsifoveate, pusticulate, colliculate and smooth) were found. The number of testa cells per 100 µm2 and also its range, from 8–12 to 57–63, are given.

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