Influence de la variété de Vigna unguiculata dans l'expression de trois associations endomycorhiziennes à vésicules et arbuscules

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ollivier ◽  
Y. Bertheau ◽  
H. G. Diem ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Va Mycorrhizas ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas formed by Glomus E3, G. mosseae, and G. epigaeus have been studied in two cultivars of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (58-185 and Bambey 30). Glomus mosseae and Glomus E3 stimulated the growth of both cultivars while G. epigaeus only gave a positive growth effect with the cultivar 58-185. With G. epigaeus, infection levels were lower and growth effects smaller than with the other VA fungi. Growth stimulations were accompanied by the appearance of additional soluble alkaline phosphatases in extracts of mycorrhizal roots. The number and the electrophoretic mobility of these enzymes varied depending on the VA fungus involved, suggesting that they were of fungal origin.

Soilless culture of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae of cereals: effects of nutrient concentration and nitrogen source

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2282-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

The best productions of mycorrhizal roots from cereals in sand culture treated with four ratios of NO3 to NH4 in three concentrations of a balanced nutrient solution (Hewitt's) were (i) maize – Glomus mosseae: 30–50% colonization and 120–150 m of colonized root per plant from full-strength solution with 95–100% NO3-N; (ii) wheat – G. mosseae: 80–90% colonization from 0.1-strength solution and 40–50 m from 0.25-strength solution with 50–100% NO3-N; (iii) maize – Glomus fasciculatum: 70% and 120 m from 0.25-strength solution with 50% NO3-N; and (iv) wheat – G. fasciculatum: 25 – 30% and 10–15 m from 0.1-strength solution with 50 – 100% NH4-N. The highest nutrient strengths eliminated colonization in wheat or reduced numbers of vesicles and arbuscules. Vesicles were predominant at the lowest nutrient strengths. Ammonium reduced mycorrhizosphere pH, colonization, and sporocarp and ectocarpic spore production. Multiple regression showed best colonization with (i) maize – G. mosseae, pH > 7.4, and best vesicle and arbuscule development with root P < 0.1%; (ii) wheat – G. mosseae, pH 7.2–7.7, root P < 0.055%, and root N > 1.07%; (iii) maize – G. fasciculatum, pH 5.6–6.2, root P < 0.08%, and root N > 1.44%; and (iv) wheat – G. fasciculatum, pH 6.7–6.9. Maize – G. mosseae was grown by the nutrient film technique in 0.1-strength solution with NO3 and rock phosphate. Improving the production of the inoculum from hydroponic culture of cereals is discussed.

Toxicity of soil-applied fungicides and gypsum to the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in groundnut

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Parvathi ◽  
K. Venkateswarlu ◽  
A. S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

The effects of four commonly used commercial formulations of contact fungicides (pentachloronitrobenzene, captan, captafol, and mancozeb) and gypsum on the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of Glomus mosseae (Nic. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe in groundnut were studied. Drenching the soil with pentachloronitrobenzene or gypsum at the time of seed sowing significantly inhibited the colonization and sporulation by the fungus; the other fungicides were less toxic. Captan, a widely used fungicide, was least inhibitory on development of the fungus. Pentachloronitrobenzene, gypsum, and captafol treatments significantly reduced the plant biomass.

The role of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture and the selection of fungi for inoculation

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Va Mycorrhizas ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Vesicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas are roots infected with particular soil fungi which form symbiotic associations. It is often assumed that VA mycorrhizal fungi could be used to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture. Our principal concern is the question: 'Can the symbiosis be exploited on a large scale?'. VA mycorrhizas increase nutrient uptake, and hence plant growth, by shortening the distance that nutrients must diffuse through soil to the root. Mycorrhizal roots do not appear to have a lower threshold concentration of nutrients for absorption from solution than do non-mycorrhizal roots. Most soils contain VA mycorrhizas. Hence, for plant growth to respond to inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi, agricultural soils must have either a low incidence of indigenous VA mycorrhizal fungi or alternatively, species which are less effective than the inoculant fungi in their ability to stimulate nutrient uptake by plants. The distribution of species of VA mycorrhizal fungi varies with climatic and edaphic environment, as well as with land use. However, the factors which control their distribution are poorly understood. Differences among VA mycorrhizal fungi in their ability to increase nutrient uptake appear to be due to differences in their ability to form mycorrhizas rapidly and extensively. The importance of other differences among the fungi, such as in the absorption of nutrients from solution or in the distribution and amount of external mycelium, has yet to be clearly demonstrated. Inoculant VA mycorrhizal fungi must be capable of persisting in soils at a high inoculum potential, as well as being able to increase nutrient uptake. Until now, little attention has been paid to characteristics which enable the fungi to persist after inoculation. We are critical of many of the methods employed in experiments aimed at selecting 'efficient' VA mycorrhizal fungi. For practical purposes, selection can only be achieved by means of comparisons performed in untreated field soils, with phosphorus supply limiting plant growth. Because the form of inoculum can affect the relative abilities of VA mycorrhizal fungi to infect and improve plant growth, appropriate inocula are needed for each agricultural situation. The survival of many species of fungi in various types of inocula requires further study so that procedures can be developed for introducing particular fungi into agricultural soils. This review emphasizes many gaps in our knowledge. For example, we need more information on how and to what extent species or strains of VA mycorrhizal fungi differ in their ability to increase plant growth. We know even less about their beneficial effects in years following that of field inoculation. The ecology of indigenous VA mycorrhizal fungi in field soils has also been largely neglected. These and other deficiencies preclude any immediate recommendations for large-scale inoculation with selected VA mycorrhizal fungi.

Growth stimulation of subterranean clover with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

The growth of subterranean clover inoculated with two types of vesicular arbuscular endophytes was compared with that of uninoculated plants at five levels of applied superphosphate in a high phosphatefixing soil. Plants were grown in both untreated soil and soil steamed to eliminate the natural population of mycorrhizal fungi. Marked increases in the growth and phosphorus content of plants inoculated with a fungus isolated in Western Australia were apparent at intermediate levels of superphosphate in both soils. This fungus, which resembles Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, was more efficient at increasing growth and phosphorus content of subterranean clover than Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe. The greater growth response of plants inoculated with the fungus resembling G. mosseae was associated with a greater amount of mycorrhizal roots. Responses in nodulation closely paralleled responses in growth. Non-mycorrhizal plants produced more dry matter at a given phosphorus concentration in tops than did mycorrhizal plants.

scholarly journals Studies on Platelet Glycoproteins by Surface Labeling and SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hagen ◽  
N.O. Solum ◽  
M. Peterka
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Conformational State ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Release Reaction

Platelet surface (glyco)proteins, and alterations in these in connection with the thrombin-induced release reaction has been studied. Platelets were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, and examined by SDS gel electrophoresis in two different gel systems, one conventional(J. Biol. Chem.1969 244 4406), and the other containing urea and EDTA in the gels. In the conventional system the bulk of radioactivity coincided with a PAS band (GP III) of MW about 100, 000. In the other system, the main radioactive peak appeared in the GP II area (MW 120,000), and a shift in the PAS stain intensity from GP III to GP II was seen. Thrombasthenic platelets showed only traces of the GP II band in both systems. The bulk of radioactivity was associated with the surface glycopolypeptide GPS, which is present, but not labeled in normal platelets. In thrombin-released platelets, GPS in its unreduced state has an altered electrophoretic mobility compared to control platelets and platelets which have been incubated with metabolic inhibitors to prevent secretion. The findings indicate that the GP III band consists of two different polypeptides, one of which appears in the GP II area in gels containing urea and EDTA. Further, that thrombasthenic platelet membrane exists in a conformational state different from that of normal platelets. And finally, GPS is in some way involved in, or influenced by, the thrombin-induced release reaction.

scholarly journals Effect of phosphorus rate on growth, nodulation and biomass yield of green manure crops

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
MYA Pramanik ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
MS Uddin ◽  
GM Faruk
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The effect of phosphorus rate on plant height, biomass yield and nodulation of green manure crops was investigated. Seven green manure species viz. Sesbania rostrata, Sesbania aculeata, Crotalaria juncea, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus mungo, Vigna radiata and Glycine max and three phosphorus rates viz. 18, 27 and 36 kg P ha-1 were used. Plant height was different for each green manure crops during the growth period though phosphorus fertilization had no significant effect on plant height and biomass yield. On the other hand, phosphorus fertilization had significant effect on nodulation of green manure crops. The number of nodules plant-1 increased significantly with the age of the plants up to 60 days after sowing (DAS) and thereafter declined sharply at 75 DAS. The highest number of nodules plant-1 was produced at 36 kg P ha-1 followed by 27 kg P ha-1. The lowest number of nodules plant-1 was produced at 18 kg P ha-1. Keywords: Green manure crops; Phosphorus; Growth; Nodulation; Biomass yield DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4793 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 23-28, 2009

A fetal intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1615-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Higashino ◽  
R Otani ◽  
S Kudo ◽  
Y Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissue

Abstract We examined 19 hepatoma tissues for alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme and found that six have both the Kasahara isoenzyme and an alkaline phosphatase with a unique electrophoretic mobility, in addition to the liver-type enzyme. From two of six carcinoma tissues, the abnormal enzyme was partly purified and subjected to a detailed analysis, which clarified that the abnormal enzyme resembled a fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase in most of its enzymic and immunologic properties and also in properties that reflect enzyme structure. This fetal intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase was not found in 24 specimens of normal liver from adults. The relevance of fetal intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase to Kasahara isoenzyme and adult intestinal alkaline phosphatase is discussed. The fetal and adult intestinal alkaline phosphatases differ in electrophoretic mobility, heat stability, and reactivity with concanavalin A. The adult-type enzyme has two components; only the electrophoretically slower, neuraminidase-resistant one is described here.

Variability in the Proportion and Type of Subunits in Lupin Storage Globulins

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Gillespie ◽  
RJ Blagrove
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subunit Composition ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Conglutin Γ

The seeds of 12 species of lupin were examined and were found to contain two major globulins, conglutins α and β, while some contained a third minor globulin, conglutin �. There were considerable differences between species in the electrophoretic mobility and proportions of conglutins α and β, and in their subunit composition in terms of the number of components, their molecular weights and the importance of disulphide bonding between them. However, the electrophoretic behaviour and subunit composition of conglutins α and β did appear to be species-specific. Conglutin γ, on the other hand, did not seem to vary in molecular size or electrophoretic mobility within this genus. The 18 cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius examined appeared to be more closely related in terms of the number and size of subunits, although variations were apparent in the relative proportion of these subunits, especially with wild types. It is suggested that this variability in the protein structure of lupin globulins may provide evidence that substantial changes can be induced by genetic selection in the composition of these proteins without upsetting their structure-function relations.

Study On The Effect Of Ddavp On Factor VIII- Related Properties In Hemophilia And VWD

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ciavarella ◽  
S Solinas ◽  
D Pilolli ◽  
P Ranieri ◽  
D Corrao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
O 19

Twenty-one patients affected by mild and moderate Hemophilia A as well as 9 patients with the classic form of vonWillebrand’s disease (vWD) were given a total of 58 infusions of DDAVP. Concerning Hemophilia a three fold mean raise ( x = 3.0, sem O. 19; range of ratios post/preinfusion 1.35 - 5.55) of factor VIII : C levels was observed after the infusion of 0.3 μg/Kg b.w. A mean raise of 3.44 ( sem 0.48, range 2.20 - 6.7) after the infusion of 0.4/ug/Kg was found. The difference between the two regimens is not statistically significant (p < 0.5). As to the vWD 18 infusions were given. In 6 patients the changes of factor VI1I: C, VIIIR: Ag and VIII: vWF were roughly consensual ( ratios post/preinfusion ranging from 2.2 to 4.0 for VIII: C; from 1.8 to 3.5 for VIHR:Ag and from 3.1 to 6.2 for VIII: vWF). In the remaining 3 patients a very strong response of VIII : C ( ratios post/preinfusion 12.0, 15.1 and 6.5) was observed. Also the other properties related to factor VIII underwent to relevant increase. In one of these patients a modified electrophoretic mobility of factor VIII was found; the other two (father and doughter) had a normal factor VIII mobility after stimulation with DDAVP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document