Histological study of organogenesis in vitro from callus cultures of two Nicotiana species

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1969-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nuti Ronchi
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Nicotiana Langsdorffii ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The histological events leading to shoot formation in Nicotiana glauca and in the nontumorous Nicotiana glauca × Nicotiana langsdorffii hybrid have been studied. Organized development begins from a single vacuolated parenchyma cell which divides and precociously differentiates tracheidal cells, forming a growth center with nodular structures with xylem in the center and phloem outside. The vascular tissue is precociously separated from the surrounding callus by a layer of cells which are shown to be endodermal by position and by histochemical reactions. Further growth leads to the formation of a mound of meristematic tissue which later forms shoot apical meristems. The sequences of events are discussed in relation to other known systems of regeneration in calluses.The system described could be suitable for evaluating the effects of various physical and chemical agents on the different steps of differentiation.

scholarly journals Isolated culture of A. reptance L., its’ morphological and growth features

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Elen Poghosyan ◽  
Naira Sahakyan ◽  
Margarit Petrosyan ◽  
Irina Batlutskaya ◽  
Karen Trchounian
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A growing demand for the ecologically pure products brings us for searching novel biotechnological approaches for plant cultivation. One of these approaches is the in vitro cultivation and further acclimatization of valuable plant species. The object of our investigation was Ajugareptance L. ornamental plant which possesses high metabolic activity. In vitro cultivation was carried out applying Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium and its modifications. Acclimatization of in vitro plants was implemented according Hazarika. In the presence of twice higher concentration of cytokinins over auxins and 0.2 mg/ml gibberellins callus culture was formed from the leaf explants. Callus tissue was formed in the presence of 0.2 mg/ml kinetin and 2 mg/ml indole-3-acetic acid which has denser structure than the first one. The shoot formation was observed on callus cultures growing on the same medium approximately after 5th passage. Callus culture growth was supported also by the adding of 2 mg/ml 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For the micropropagation, the already formed shoots were transferred to the nutrient medium which contains only 0.1 mg/ml 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid as a phytohormone. A. reptans culture has high regenerative ability and the micro-propagation index was 104 – 105. In vitro regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the soil conditions during two-week period.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF SOMACLONAL VARIANTS IN VITRO TO PRODUCE INSECT RESISTANT PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1112e-1112
Author(s):  
Masood Hadi ◽  
Mark P. Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Torenia Fournieri ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Callus cultures of Torenia fournieri `Compacta Blue' were initiated on a modified Murashige and Skoog salt medium (MS) with 2.26 uM 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid. Shoots were regenerated from these cultures using the MS medium amended with 2.46 uM 3-indolebutyric acid and 8.88 uM 6-benzylaminopurine. These shoots were subjected to Tetranychus urticae Koch (twospotted spidermite) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (greenhouse whitefly) in vitro. Pests were allowed to feed until such time that the pest population started to decrease due to lack of food. Remaining shoot tissue was placed on MS medium amended with 2.28 uM zeatin to -induce shoot formation. Shoots were acclimated to greenhouse conditions and evaluated for resistance to the pest to which they were subjected in vitro. Highly significant differences in pest numbers were found in somaclones when compared to control plants. A wide range of variability was observed within the somaclonal population.

scholarly journals Characteristics of morphogenetic responses of Nicotiana langsdorffii on transformation with wild type strains of Agrobacterium in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana V Matveeva ◽  
Tatiana Yu Pigichka ◽  
Ludmila A Lutova
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Nicotiana Langsdorffii ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Morphogenetic Responses ◽  
Leaf Disks

Ability to transformation by wt strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (T37, C58, A6) and A. rhizogenes (15834, 8196, A4) was characterized for Nicotiana langsdorffii. It was shown that effectivity of transformation of this species by strains T37, A6,15834, 8196, A4 was lower comparing to the model object N. tabacum. Tumors induced by A. tumefaciens on leaf disks of N. langsdorffii, tend to shoot formation.

Green Globular Body (GGB) Induction and Differentiation in the Medicinal fern Drynaria Roosii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Lateral Meristem ◽  
Globular Body ◽  
Rhizome Explants ◽  
Development Prospects

Abstract Background: The green globular body (GGB) of ferns is a special propagule induced in plant in vitro culture systems. Owing to its high proliferation efficiency, GGB is widely used in the in vitro propagation of important ornamental and medicinal ferns. In addition, propagation using GGB shows great development prospects in the conservation of rare or endangered ferns and the breeding of new fern varieties. However, due to the lack of systematic studies on GGB ontogenesis, the morphogenetic aspects of GGB during induction and differentiation remain unclear.Results: We characterized the response of five types of explants of Drynaria roosii to GGB inductive medium and further investigate morphological and anatomical changes of explants that developed GGBs. We found that the rhizome explants directly produced GGBs through cell proliferation of the shoot apical meristem and lateral meristem. The leaf and petiole explants produced GGBs indirectly through the proliferation of meristematic cells of somatic embryos derived from the epidermal cells of the explants. The root and gametophyte explants failed to produce GGB under our induction conditions. We further investigated the differentiation process of GGB. During GGB differentiation, shoot primordia and leaf primordia differentiate from meristematic cells on the epidermis, and the root primordia develop from an inner meristematic tissue with developing vascular tissue connecting all these primordia, which indicates the involvement of multiple organogenesis processes.Conclusions: Our results suggested that preexisting or reestablished meristematic cells were the direct source of GGB in D. roosii. Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis were involved in GGB induction and differentiation, respectively. The comparison with other common propagules revealed that GGB in D. roosii was largely different from somatic embryos, callus, and protocorm or protocorm-like bodies.

Nicotiana glauca × Nicotiana langsdorffii tumor hybrid: growth, morphology, polyamines and nucleic acids in vitro

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (21) ◽  
pp. 2285-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Serafini Fracassini ◽  
N. Bagni ◽  
P. Torrigiani
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Deceleration Phase ◽  
Hybrid Growth ◽  
Nicotiana Langsdorffii

Callus of the tumor hybrid of Nicotiana glauca × N. langsdorffii grew better on agar in flasks than on liquid medium in flasks or on agar medium in Petri dishes. Asymmetric callus without roots produced small leaves and parenchyma cells were the most common type of cell. Few meristematic clusters were present, but these were very active during exponential and deceleration growth phases. The volume of their nucleoli, which were large and stained intensely, was used as a marker of the cell cycle. Shortly after transplantation the tissue divided synchronously, but thereafter it became asynchronous. An investigation of nucleic acids and polyamines showed that subcultures initiated a rapid synthesis and accumulation of DNA; thereafter the levels of tRNA and rRNA increased, especially in the deceleration phase, the amount of tRNA always being higher than rRNA. The polyamines putrescine and spermidine are always in larger amounts than in the normal tissue, and spermine could be detected in trace amounts. Their metabolism is correlated with arginine levels, the most important precursor of putrescine. Polyamine levels increased several fold during the deceleration phase, their increase being positively correlated with increased levels of nucleic acids, mainly during the very beginning of the subculture and, then during the deceleration phase.

In vitro growth and differentiation of Gladiolus plants from callus cultures

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1817-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Simonsen ◽  
A. C. Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Callus Production

Callus was induced from isolated gladiolus cormel stem tips on modified Murashige and Skoog media. The callus was then induced to differentiate virus-symptomless plants with corms. Morphogenesis from the callus included meristematic zones on or within the callus, organoids with vascular tissue, stems, leaves, and plants with roots. Callus production and differentiation of plants were more frequent on agar than in liquid media.

Differentiation of Secondary Xylem After Girdling

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhengli ◽  
Cui Keming
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Under favourable growth season and by suitable technical means, regeneration and continuous growth of new bark after girdling has been observed in many trees. Differentiation of the secondary xylem varies after arteficial treatment. Thus , the authors consider that (1) under appropriate conditions most trees could be girdled on a large scale with subsequent new bark regeneration and continued growth, (2) after removal of the phloem the living cells of the secondary xylem, i.e., wood parenchyma cells, may function in transporting nutrients from the treecrown downwards, and (3) finally, after girdling or when cultured in vitro, both immature xylem and phloem can dedifferentiate into meristematic tissue that further develops vascular tissue.

In vitro regeneration of plantlets of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with mycorrhizal roots from subcultured callus initiated from needle adventitious buds

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyanto ◽  
R. Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Hebeloma Cylindrosporum ◽  
Half Strength

Plantlets were regenerated from cultures established from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) meristematic tissue. Seedling explants were first stimulated to develop axillary buds. Developing axillary buds produced numerous new meristems that gave rise to globular adventitious buds located along the needles on half-strength modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with coconut milk and 6-benzylaminopurine. A histological study showed that these new buds originated from dedifferentiated mesophyll and epidermal tissues of the needles. Some of these buds were used for the regeneration of whole plantlets, others were excised and transferred to woody plant medium, on which calli developed at the bases of the microcuttings These calli were organogenic when subcultured on a hormone-free medium and initiated a large number of rooted plantlets that showed high potential to multiply themselves indefinitely. This is the first report of regeneration of Scots pine from a subculturable organogenic line. Mycorrhizae were initiated for both types of plantlets with Hebeloma cylindrosporum on a perlite substrate under fully controlled conditions. Mycorrhizae improved the transfer of the plantlets to ex vitro conditions. Key words: organogenesis, mycorrhizae, tissue culture, Pinus sylvestris.

In Vitro Establishment of Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera pulchra) on Microshoots of Flowering Dogwood

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506a-506
Author(s):  
L.A. Klein ◽  
M.T. Windham ◽  
R.N. Trigiano
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Plant Parasite ◽  
In Vitro Establishment

Microshoot and callus cultures of Cornus florida (flowering dogwood), which were grown on woody plant medium amended with BA, were inoculated with Microsphaera pulchra (an obligate plant parasite) by gently shaking infected leaves bearing numerous conidia over the tissue. Culture dishes were sealed with parafilm and incubated at 24 °C with 25 mol·m–2·s–1 provided by cool fluorescent bulbs for 15 h. Cultures were examined with a dissecting scope every 24 h and cultures transferred when contaminating fungi were present. Specimens were prepared light microscopy and SEM. The fungus infected individual callus cells, but did not sporulate. In contrast, powdery mildew was well-established (both primary and secondary hyphae) in 70% of the microshoot cultures after 6 days and sporulated on 20% by 7 to 8 days. The cellular relationship between host and pathogen in vitro was similar to that found in greenhouse-grown plants. This technique has possible applications in maintaining fungal culture collections and studying host–pathogen relationships under more stringently controlled conditions.

Surface Modification by Nanobiomaterials for Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1634-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Shan Hung ◽  
Shan-hui Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Vascular Biomaterials

Treatment of cardiovascular disease has achieved great success using artificial implants, particularly synthetic-polymer made grafts. However, thrombus formation and restenosis are the current clinical problems need to be conquered. New biomaterials, modifying the surface of synthetic vascular grafts, have been created to improve long-term patency for the better hemocompatibility. The vascular biomaterials can be fabricated from synthetic or natural polymers for vascular tissue engineering. Stem cells can be seeded by different techniques into tissue-engineered vascular grafts in vitro and implanted in vivo to repair the vascular tissues. To overcome the thrombogenesis and promote the endothelialization effect, vascular biomaterials employing nanotopography are more bio-mimic to the native tissue made and have been engineered by various approaches such as prepared as a simple surface coating on the vascular biomaterials. It has now become an important and interesting field to find novel approaches to better endothelization of vascular biomaterials. In this article, we focus to review the techniques with better potential improving endothelization and summarize for vascular biomaterial application. This review article will enable the development of biomaterials with a high degree of originality, innovative research on novel techniques for surface fabrication for vascular biomaterials application.

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