The taxonomic value of floral characters in tribe Trigonelleae (Leguminosae), with special reference to Medicago

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1578-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Small ◽  
C. W. Crompton ◽  
Brenda S. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Medicago Arborea ◽  
The One ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Wing Petal ◽  
Floral Syndrome

The legume tribe Trigonelleae comprises Medicago (with M. arborea sometimes segregated as the monotypic genus Rhodusia), Melilotus, Trigonella, and the monotypic Factorovskya. The wisdom of segregating the two monotypic genera may be questioned, and many species have been claimed to represent intergrading variation between Medicago and either Melilotus or Trigonella, or between the latter pair. Previous morphological studies have not provided a satisfactory means of resolving generic delimitation in the Trigonelleae. In the present investigation numerical taxonomic analysis (agglomerative clustering and ordination) of floral characters indicated that Medicago, Melilotus, and Trigonella could be distinguished on the basis of combinations of floral attributes, although no single characteristic was capable of separating them completely. Trigonella section Bucerates proved to be quite distinctive from the remaining species of Trigonella examined. Limited evidence was found for segregating Medicago arborea as a monotypic genus. Factorovskya aschersoniana proved distinctive, but its relationships remain enigmatic. Discriminant analysis was employed to test the affinities of "problematical" species allegedly intermediate between Medicago, Trigonella, and Melilotus. Most of the putatively intermediate species proved to be much closer to one of the genera than to the others. A syndrome of morphological features was discovered to separate the Trigonelleae into two classes of plants, the one group including Medicago, Factorovskya, and Trigonella section Bucerates, and the other comprising Melilotus and the remaining examined species of Trigonella. The former group contrasts with the latter by possessing interlocking wing and keel petals, relatively less apical fusion of the keel petals, and relatively well-developed wing petal horns; and by having a greater frequency of species with dilated filaments, with staminal tubes which are conical at the apex rather than blunt, and with standard petals having more than three clusters of veins. The latter three differences, however, are less frequent between the two groups than the first three. The floral syndrome could reflect adaptation of the former group of plants to outcrossing (perhaps relictual adaptation in the inbreeding species) by means of the "tripping" mechanism which is well-known in Medicago. If so, the taxonomic significance of the syndrome is difficult to ascertain, as it may have developed independently in the different genera in which it occurs.

A phenolic–taxometric study of Medicago (Leguminosae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2477-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Classen ◽  
C. Nozzolillo ◽  
E. Small
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
The One

Phenolics from dried leaf tissue of 47 species of Medicago were examined using two-dimensional chromatography on polyamide plates. A few samples from the closely related genera Melilotus and Trigonella were also studied. Compounds tentatively identified as cyanidin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin, chrysoeriol, tricin, and coumestrol were found. Proanthocyanidins were not detected in the leaf tissue of any of the species. Apigenin was found in all species of Medicago except M. cretacea but not in the one species of Melilotus or the two of Trigonella studied. Two additional compounds as yet unidentified were also restricted to Medicago. All of the phenolics were detected as aglycones with the possible exceptions of glucuronides and C-glycosides which are strongly resistant to hydrolysis. Data for the phenolic compounds were subjected to numerical taxonomic analysis. The single species of Melilotus and the two species of Trigonella were dramatically different from Medicago in their phenolic composition. A number of controversial species placed in Medicago by some taxonomists, and in Trigonella by others, proved to have phenolic profiles much like Medicago and quite unlike the species of Trigonella examined. The annual species comprising subgenus Spirocarpos, which are morphologically distinct from the remaining species of Medicago, were not clearly distinguishable from the other species collectively on the basis of phenolic chemistry. However, within subgenus Spirocarpos the most sharply distinguished subgroup on morphological criteria, section Pachyspirae, tended to be different chemically from the remaining species of the subgenus. When the species of Medicago except for subgenus Spirocarpos were analysed separately, it was found that the two major phylads of these tended to be distinguishable chemically. These included a group of perennials (subgenus Medicago section Falcago) and a group of peculiar species (subgenus Orbicularia) tending morphologically towards the genus Trigonella). Appreciable intraspecific diversity was found for phenolic chemistry but significantly less than interspecific variation. In a few cases species which are quite similar morphologically diverged chemically, most notably the two species of subgenus Lupularia.

scholarly journals How Circular Are the European Economies? A Taxonomic Analysis Based on the INEC (Index of National Economies’ Circularity)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7613
Author(s):  
Armand Kasztelan
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Aggregate Index ◽  
The One ◽  
European Economies ◽  
National Economies

In this paper, the aggregate index of national economies’ circularity (INEC) was proposed and empirically verified. For this purpose, the taxonomic linear ordering method was used, which is a multi-criteria decision-making procedure. This method replaces the analysis of the phenomenon described by a set of indicators with an analysis using one aggregate indicator: the so-called ‘synthetic metric’. Based on 14 circular economy indicators that are available in the Eurostat database, the circularity indexes were constructed for 24 EU countries (including the United Kingdom). This allowed the author, on the one hand, to create a ranking of the countries, and on the other, to assign them to four groups, which were characterized by a similar level of circularity. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: how circular are the European economies? What are the main challenges in achieving circularity in Europe? Taking into account the INEC range [0,1], it should be noted that the level of circularity in the analysed European countries is low (an average of 0.3021). Therefore, the paper indicates the areas requiring improvement in this respect.

A new monotypic genus of ant-mimicking Coraebini (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae ) from Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1817 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. BELLAMY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The One ◽  
One New Species

Following the itemization of the described Madagascan Coraebini (Buprestidae: Agrilinae) (Bellamy 2001a), additional new genera and species of this large fauna have been described (Bellamy 2001b, 2003, 2006). After a preliminary study of the perceived ant-mimicking species I have accumulated in loans from, and during previous visits to, the vast collection of this fauna held by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, a new monotypic myrmecomorphic genus and species is described. All other putative ant-mimicking species amongst previously described and currently available specimens belong to the genus Entomogaster Saunders, 1871. The new genus is described now for the one new species found to not be congeneric with Entomogaster. In deference to the classification for the tribe Coraebini Bedel, 1921 presented by Kubáň, et al. (2001), the genus-group taxon described herein is provisionally placed in the subtribe Toxoscelina Majer, in Kubáň, et al., 2001.

A numerical analysis of major groupings in Medicago employing traditionally used characters

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1553-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Small
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Medicago Arborea ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Numerical Examination ◽  
Group 1

Numerical taxonomic analyses (particularly agglomerative clustering and ordination) were conducted on 55 species of Medicago, using 75 mostly vegetative and fruiting characters. The material studied represents all conservatively accepted species of the genus, as well as 14 "problematical" species of which many are often considered to belong to the genus Trigonella, rather than to Medicago. Although the characters employed are substantially the same as those used by recent monographers who evaluated the genus by traditional subjective procedures, the present numerical examination suggests many relationships not previously appreciated.As a result of the analyses, it was judged appropriate to recognize 12 groupings. These are group 1: M. sativa (alfalfa) and 11 allied species; group 2: M. lupulina and M. secundiflora; group 3: eight problematical species which have troubled taxonomists with respect to whether they should be placed in Medicago or Trigonella; groups 4–8: each made up of a single divergent species, respectively: M. carstiensis, M. radiata, M. orbicularis, M. heyniana, and M. arborea; groups 9–12 four subgroupings of a larger group of 28 annual species. In the main, the composition of the seven polytypic groups is similar to those of taxa accepted by recent monographers, although some realignments of particular species are suggested by the present study. Groups 1 and 2 are much more similar to each other than indicated in recent treatments. Medicago arborea was discovered to be much more dissimilar to all other species examined than thought previously. Medicago hybrida of group 1 was found to be a "master link" between species traditionally placed in Medicago, and many placed in Trigonella (group 3).The 12 groupings in turn fall into three assemblages that could be recognized as subgenera, or even as genera. These are A: groups 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, and 12; B: groups 3–7, inclusive; and C: M. arborea. Further research is suggested before formal categorization is undertaken.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Analysis of Voivodships Development in Terms of ICT Usage in Enterprises

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Taxonomic Methods

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse the development of voivodships in terms of ICT usage in enterprises by means of taxonomic methods. The theoretical part of the paper has been devoted to the role of modern information and communication technologies in post-industrial enterprises, in particular to the meaning of these technologies for new management concepts (e-business, online marketing, CRM, network management, X-engineering). The research methodology has been carried out, with special attention being paid to the agglomerative clustering method and optimization clustering method.The empirical part of the paper presents a taxonomic analysis of voivodships with respect to the employment of ICT in enterprises. Data from the years 2014–2015, published by the Central Statistical Office of Poland, have been used. Seventeen potential diagnostic variables have been identified. In the end, variables with the highest discriminative possibilities were selected. The rankings of the voivodships were thus created. Then, voivodships were clustered by means of Ward’s method and thek-means method. The obtained results were evaluated regarding their conformity.

scholarly journals Eufemisme dan Disfemisme dalam Karangan Emha Ainun Nadjib: “Hidup Itu Harus Pintar Ngegas dan Ngerem”

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Habib Rois
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Changes in the meaning of words with refinement (euphemism) and refinement (dysfemism) occur at the level of a sentence marked by words, phrases and clauses. The purpose of this research is to describe the forms of euphemisms and dysphemisms in the essay of Emha Ainun Nadjib (Cak Nun) with the title "Life Must Be Clever Ngegas and Ngerem" through a component analysis. The paradigm in research uses qualitative by referring to the natural axioms of reality, the relationship between the researcher and the one being studied, the possibility of generalization, and the causal relationship. The data in this study are in the form of sentences in Cak Nun's essay which are included in the process of changing the meaning of euphemisms and dysfemisms. The data is taken from a book entitled "Life Must Be Smart and Ngerem", an article that contains motivation and teachings of life based on Islamic law. The data analysis process in this study includes four stages, namely domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, component analysis, and cultural theme analysis. The results in this study contain a form of euphemism with two modes of use, namely protection and motivation. Meanwhile, dysphemism has two modes of use which include negative evaluation and satire. The four modes are then combined with the equivalent words in accordance with the context of the sentence, giving rise to comparisons based on the meaning components contained. Comparison of meaning components aims to determine the level of meaning change which refers to refinement and roughing. There is one word without comparing the meaning component with its equivalent, namely the word pramonyet. The term pramonyet is used as a form of curbing which refers to the process of comparing human needs with a monkey.

scholarly journals Morphological studies on the seasonal changes in the epididymal duct of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Zuhry Zayed ◽  
Khaled Hamdy Aly ◽  
Ismael Abdel-Aziz Ibrahim ◽  
Fatma Mohammed Abd El-maksoud
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Terminal Segment ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Muscular Coat ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
The One ◽  
Epididymal Duct

The present work was carried out on 20 testes and epididymis of sexually mature camels to elucidate the gross anatomical, morphometerical, light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical features of the epididymis in different seasons. Anatomically, the epididymal duct of a camel consists of three parts head, body and tail. Histomorphologically, the epididymal duct is subdivided into initial, middle and terminal segments, of which the middle segment is further subdivided into proximal, intermediate and distal parts. There is a gradual decrease in the epithelial height of the epididymal duct from the initial to the terminal segments. This mechanically facilities passage of the sperms toward the terminal segment. High epithelium in the initial segment may indicate a more absorptive power of the epithelium in this segment. The seasonal reproductivety of the epididymal duct in the camel expressed by variations in the weight and volume of the epididymis, total diameter of the epididymal duct, epithelial height, length of the stereocilia, thickness of the muscular coat and cellular distributions in different segments. The spring months offer ideal circumstances for maximal reproductive activity in this species. The cellular components of the epididymal duct epithelium of the camel displays important morphological changes from season to another showing signs of increasing activity during spring in comparison to decreasing activity in other seasons. PAS positive granules are demonstrated in different segments of the epididymal duct and intraepithelial glands in different seasons. These granules are relatively more numerous in spring. The lamina propria surrounding the epididymal duct contains a layer of the elastic fibers which is very thick in winter, thick in spring and thin in other seasons. This increase in thickness of the elastic fibers predisposes for the increase in the total diameter of the epididymal duct in spring. It was conclude that the muscular coat of the middle and terminal segments is the thickest in spring that may be helpful for powerful ejaculation.

scholarly journals Resistance & Permanence of Green Urban Systems in the Globalization Age

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Occhiuto
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Rita Occhiuto Faculté d’Architecture. Université de Liège, ULG. 1, Rue Courtois 4000 Liège (BE) Tél. +3242217900   e-mail : [email protected] Keywords: public space, park system, green and water infrastructure, morphological green writings, landscape memory The rapid transformation and the trivialization of landscapes in Wallonia (BE), require reformulating tools and objectives of morphological studies. Built fabrics and landscapes show the effects of abandoning or losing interest in the interrelations between natural and human actions. This contribution focuses on studies of cities and territories that have ceased to be the object of spatial policies attentive to the relationship between the need to live, maintain or care for green or natural spaces. After the systematic reduction of urban environments to simple green covers, morphological reading allows the recognition of traces of park systems or green infrastructures, whose communities often do not remember. The research's focus has shifted from the building to the green space structure. This displacement of interest makes it possible to find commons cultures that have acted on the territory of Liège (industrial city) on the one hand, through the building’s extension and on the other hand, through the project of forests, walks, squares, parks and public gardens. Now, these fragmented places become the main resource for reorganizing natural and human systems in order to offer new - social and spatial - coherence for tomorrow. Thus the historical green systems become a strong structuring link which serves to seek new dialectics of balance between existing fabrics and green systems. This system’s regeneration stands, on the one hand, to the hybridization of materials - water, green and buildings - and, on the other hand, to the physical and mental memory of the inhabited environments that populations keep. Green systems impose themselves as powerful vectors for the construction of new socio-spatial balances of cities and territories of globalization, as in the study case for the landscape systems in Liège and for the water and landscapes infrastructure in Chaudfontaine.References Foxley, A. (2010), Distance & engagement. Walking, thinking and making landscape. Vogt landscape architects, Lars Müller Publishers Cronon,W., Coll., Uncommon ground. Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. W.W.Norton & Company New York/London McHarg, I.(1969), Design with Nature, 1th, New York Spirn, A.W. (1994), The granite garden. Urban Nature and Human Design, ed. Basic Book Ravagnati, C. (2012), L’invenzione del Territorio. L’atlante inedito di Saverio Muratori, ed. Franco Angeli, Milano 

scholarly journals Xochiquetzallia (Asparagaceae, Brodiaeoideae), a new genus segregated from the paraphyletic Dandya

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez ◽  
Teresa Terrazas
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Floral Tube ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis

A new genus, Xochiquetzallia, for the Brodiaeoideae, Asparagaceae family is here proposed. A taxonomic analysis based on morphology highlights its synapomorphies. The characters that distinguish Xochiquetzallia are the absence of a pith in the gynophore and the presence of an entire stigma. The recognition of Dandya purpusii as a monotypic genus is supported by the development of a short floral tube (< 2 mm) and a pith in the gynophore, as well as a divided stigma shared with the other genera of the Milla clade, Bessera, Jaimehintonia, Petronymphe and Milla. A key to its taxonomic determination is given for both the Xochiquetzallia species and the Milla clade genera.

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