A numerical analysis of major groupings in Medicago employing traditionally used characters

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1553-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Small
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Medicago Arborea ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Numerical Examination ◽  
Group 1

Numerical taxonomic analyses (particularly agglomerative clustering and ordination) were conducted on 55 species of Medicago, using 75 mostly vegetative and fruiting characters. The material studied represents all conservatively accepted species of the genus, as well as 14 "problematical" species of which many are often considered to belong to the genus Trigonella, rather than to Medicago. Although the characters employed are substantially the same as those used by recent monographers who evaluated the genus by traditional subjective procedures, the present numerical examination suggests many relationships not previously appreciated.As a result of the analyses, it was judged appropriate to recognize 12 groupings. These are group 1: M. sativa (alfalfa) and 11 allied species; group 2: M. lupulina and M. secundiflora; group 3: eight problematical species which have troubled taxonomists with respect to whether they should be placed in Medicago or Trigonella; groups 4–8: each made up of a single divergent species, respectively: M. carstiensis, M. radiata, M. orbicularis, M. heyniana, and M. arborea; groups 9–12 four subgroupings of a larger group of 28 annual species. In the main, the composition of the seven polytypic groups is similar to those of taxa accepted by recent monographers, although some realignments of particular species are suggested by the present study. Groups 1 and 2 are much more similar to each other than indicated in recent treatments. Medicago arborea was discovered to be much more dissimilar to all other species examined than thought previously. Medicago hybrida of group 1 was found to be a "master link" between species traditionally placed in Medicago, and many placed in Trigonella (group 3).The 12 groupings in turn fall into three assemblages that could be recognized as subgenera, or even as genera. These are A: groups 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, and 12; B: groups 3–7, inclusive; and C: M. arborea. Further research is suggested before formal categorization is undertaken.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Gingival Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations with Different Lining Techniques: An In Vitro Study

Scientifica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vedavathi Bore Gowda ◽  
B. V. Sreenivasa Murthy ◽  
Swaroop Hegde ◽  
Swapna Devarasanahalli Venkataramanaswamy ◽  
Veena Suresh Pai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Composite Liner ◽  
Flowable Composite ◽  
Composite Restorations ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To compare the microleakage in class II composite restorations without a liner/with resin modified glass ionomer and flowable composite liner.Method. Forty standardized MO cavities were prepared on human permanent mandibular molars extracted for periodontal reasons and then divided into 4 groups of ten specimens. The cavity preparations were etched, rinsed, blot dried, and light cured and Adper Single Bond 2 is applied. Group 1 is restored with Filtek P60 packable composite in 2 mm oblique increments. Group 2 is precure group where 1 mm Filtek Z350 flowable liner is applied and light cured for 20 sec. Group 3 is the same as Group 2, but the liner was cocured with packable composite. In Group 4, 1 mm RMGIC, Fuji Lining LC is applied and cured for 20 sec. All the teeth were restored as in Group 1. The specimens were coated with nail varnish leaving 1 mm around the restoration, subjected to thermocycling, basic fuchsin dye penetration, sectioned mesiodistally, and observed under a stereomicroscope.Results. The mean leakage scores of the individual study groups were Group 1 (33.40), Group 2 (7.85), Group 3 (16.40), and Group 4 (24.35). Group 1 without a liner showed maximum leakage. Flowable composite liner precured was the best.

scholarly journals Neuropeptide system parameters in acute herpes zoster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
S. V. Knysh ◽  
E. V. Markelova ◽  
A. I. Simakova ◽  
A. V. Karaulov
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Protein S100b ◽  
Group 1

The neuropeptides comprise an important part in the nervous system interacting with endocrine and immune systems. Peptide regulators are responsible for the continuity of communicating elements, which support homeostasis, however, despite abundant research examining neuropeptides, not all specific mechanisms and features of interacting proteins with cells and immune components have been uncovered. Objective: to perform a comprehensive assessment of neuropeptide system in patients with herpes zoster. Materials and methods: 106 in-hospital patients were examined diagnosed with herpes zoster within 2016–2019 period. Control group consisted of 30 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. Blood serum was collected after verifying diagnosis on day 1. After discharge, patients were monitored for signs of pain syndrome and overall state within 3 months. It allowed to divide patients into 3 groups retrospectively. Group 1 — patients with herpes zoster, accompanied by mild or moderate pain syndrome; group 2 — patients with herpes zoster, accompanied by severe pain; group 3 — patients with herpes zoster, complicated by postherpetic neuralgia. Level of serum protein s100B, myelin basic protein, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuron specific enolase was measured by using specific reagents purchased from “R&D Diagnostics Inc.” (США). Results. it was found that level of serum protein S100B in all groups was significantly increased compared to control group, showing no inter-group differences. Amount of myelin basic protein in all study groups vs. control was significantly higher. Moreover, level of these parameters in group 2 vs. group 1 and 3 was significantly elevated. In addition, level of nerve growth factor was significantly increased in group 1 vs. groups 2 and 3, whereas in group 3 it was significantly lower than in control and group 2. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was significantly decreased in all the study groups compared to control, showing no significant intergroup differences. Level of neuron-specific enolase was significantly increased in group 3 vs. control as well as group 1 and 2. The data obtained allowed to identify two parameters for assessing a risk of postherpetic neuralgia in acute herpes zoster, as well as provided deeper insights into the pathogenesis of neuroimmune disorders accompanying herpes zoster.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa with penetrating and non-penetrating cryoprotectants

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
E. Pavlovich ◽  
G. Gapon ◽  
T. Yurchuk ◽  
M. Petrushko
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cryopreservation Method ◽  
Group 1

Сryopreserved spermatozoa are widely used in infertility treatment by assisted reproductive technologies. However, the spermatozoa survival rate remains low in patients with oligoastenoteratozoospermia. Therefore the development of effective cryopreservation methods for spermatozoa from pathospermia is relevant. The effectiveness of cryopreservation spermatozoa from oligoastenoteratozoospermia man using penetrating and non-penetrating cryoprotectants was compared. Sperm motility, viability and morphological characteristics were evaluated after cryopreservation with glycerol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The average number of spermatozoa count in fresh ejaculate was (11.0±0.2) mln/ml. After isolation of active motile fraction the number of cells was (3.8±0.3) mln/ml and (84.3±8.4) % from them were motile (group 3). (78.8±6.6) % of spermatozoa cryopreserved with glycerol (group 1) and (41.4±8.1) % cryopreserved with polyvinylpyrrolidone (group 2) remained active motile. The spermatozoa viability after cryopreservation was (82.1±8.6) % and (89.6±8.6) % in group 1 and 2, respectively. Despite the high rate of spermatozoa survival in group 1 the number of motile cells decreased to (27.3±4.8) % after cryoprotectant removing stage. Morphological analysis revealed that the incidence of spermatozoa head abnormalities was (25.97±2.67), (19.21±2.67) and (20.57±1.19) % in group 1–3, respectively. The differences of spermatozoa midpiece and tail abnormalities in the study groups were statistically insignificant. The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a cryoprotectant allows preserving 90 % of survived spermatozoa from oligoastenoteratozoospermia men after freeze/thawing. The set of spermatozoa head, neck and midpiece abnormalities is significantly lower after cryopreservation with polyvinylpyrrolidone compared with routine method with glycerol. Two-stage spermatozoa cryopreservation method with polyvinylpyrrolidone is promising for assisted reproductive technologies since spermatozoa can be used immediately after warming for oocyte fertilization without cryoprotectant removing step.

scholarly journals Inadequate fine needle aspiration biopsy samples: Pathologists versus other specialists

CytoJournal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Gomez-Macías ◽  
R Garza-Guajardo ◽  
J Segura-Luna ◽  
O Barboza-Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a simple, sensitive, quick and inexpensive method in which operator experience is essential for obtaining the best results. Methods: A descriptive study in which the aspiration biopsy cases of the Pathology and Cytopathology Service of the University Hospital of the UANL (2003–2005) were analyzed. These were divided into three study groups: Group 1, FNAB performed by a pathologist; Group 2, FNAB performed by specialists who are not pathologists, Group 3, FNAB guided by an imaging study with immediate evaluation by a pathologist. The samples were classified as adequate and inadequate for diagnosis, the organ, the size and characteristics of the lesions were taken into consideration. Results: A total of 1905 FNAB were included. In Group 1: 1347 were performed of which 1242 (92.2%) were adequate and 105 (7.7%) were inadequate. Of the 237 from Group 2, 178 were adequate (75.1%) and 59 inadequate (24.8%); in Group 3 there were 321 of which 283 (88.1%) were adequate and 38 (11.8%) inadequate. A statistically significant difference was found between FNAB performed by Group 1 (p< 0.001) and the other groups. A multivariate analysis was done where the organ punctured, the study groups, the size and characteristics of the lesion by study group were compared, finding that the most important variable was the person who performed the procedure. Conclusion: The experience and training of the person performing the aspiration biopsy, as well as immediate evaluation of the material when it is guided, substantially reduces the number of inadequate samples, improving the sensitivity of the method as well as reducing the need for open biopsies to reach a diagnosis.

ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF SATYRUS

1880 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Species Group ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
The North ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Conclusion.—The North American species of this genus may be divided into three Groups, with several sub-groups. Group 1 comprises Pegala and all the larger species. Group 2 Silvestris and others. characterized by their small size, and the peculiar outline of the discal band on under side of hind wings, there being two long serrations against end of cell. This division will throw Meadii into Group 1, in which the band has a rounded prominence against cell. Group 3 comprises Sthenele only.

scholarly journals Circulating salusin-beta levels in the patients with age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-004
Author(s):  
Turgut Burak ◽  
Mercan Kadir ◽  
Demir Nesrin ◽  
Ilhan Nevin ◽  
Çatak Onur
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To evaluate the levels of salusin-beta (β-SAL) in the serum in patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods: Our study was designed as a controlled comparative clinical study. The β-SAL levels in serums of age and sex-matched 20 healthy volunteers as controls (Group 1), 20 patients with dry-age related macular degeneration (d-ARMD) (Group 2) and 20 patients with wet-age related macular degeneration (w-ARMD) (Group 3) were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: In our study, it was found that age and gender didn’t show a statistically significant difference among the study groups (p > 0. 05). The mean serum β-SAL levels in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were 1372,17 ± 1126.69 pg/mL; 1423,71 ± 1196.84 pg/mL and 940,57 ± 1092.05 pg/mL, respectively. Although the meanβ-SAL levels in w-ARMD seem numerically lower than both the control and d-ARMD groups, this difference among the study groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that β-SAL levels in the patients with ARMD and healthy controls were not different than each other. Further studies with large numbers may reveal possible relationships between β-SAL and ARMD.

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction and circulating endothelial cells in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
S A Sayganov ◽  
A M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To evaluate endothelial function in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease by determining the number of circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood. Material and methods. 71 patient with typical angina class I-III and presence of obstructive coronary artery disease according to coronary angiography were assessed, coronary anatomy was assessed on the SYNTAX Score scale and the number of CEC was determined by flow cytofluorimetry. Depending on the chosen treatment strategy patients were divided into the following groups: a group of medical therapy (group 1) - 22 patients; a group of patients requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (group 2) - 25 patients; a group of patients requiring surgical revascularization by coronary artery bypass surgery (group 3) - 24 patients. The control group consisted of 20 patients without atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries. Results. Study groups do not differ by sex, age, history of smoking, the presence of hypertension, MI history (р > 0.05). In the group of patients who are scheduled to perform CABG significantly more patients with diabetes mellitus (р < 0.05) (group 1 - 3 patients (13.6%), group 2 - 4 patients (16.0%), group 3 - 7 patients (29.1%), control group - 2 patients (11.8%)). Study groups reliably differ in the anatomy of coronary lesions (SYNTAX Score in group 1 - 9.4 ± 2.7, in group 2 - 19.7 ± 5.7, in group 3 - 23.5 ± 6.0), р < 0.05. The number of CECs in the study groups is significantly higher than the generally accepted norm (р < 0.05), (group 1 - 12 (10÷16), group 2 - 14 (10÷17), group 3 - 14 (11÷17), control group - 12 (10÷16)). There are no significant differences between the groups with coronary artery disease (р > 0.05). Conclusion. Study of endothelial function by flow cytometry using monoclonal fluorescently labeled antibodies to CD146 and CD45 can be considered as a criterion for noninvasive assessment of the severity of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary bed. (For citation: Sayganov SA, Kuzmina-Krutetskaya AM. Endothelial dysfunction and circulating endothelial cells in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):27-32. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810227-32).

scholarly journals A TEN-YEAR ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE SENSITIVITY OF THE LEADING UROPATHOGEN TO ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS IN CHILDREN WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN THE NEPHROLOGY DEPARTMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1360-1364
Author(s):  
Tetiana V. Budnik ◽  
Tetiana B. Bevzenko
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim: To study the prevalence of ABR among children with UTI over the past 10 years, with an assessment of the sensitivity of E. Coli to common antibiotics in dynamics. Materials and methods: The study involved 1,044 children with UTI aged from 1 month to 18 years. Examination of patients and interpretation of the results was performed in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki of Human Rights. According to the design, the study included 3 comparison groups: Group 1 — children of the 2009 follow-up year (n = 337), Group 2 — of 2014 (n = 328) and Group 3 — of 2019 (n = 379). Results: Escherichia coli is recognized as the leading uropathogen in all study groups: its percentage in Group 1 was 47 % (158/337), in Group 2 — 64 % (210/328) and in Group 3 — 66.5 % (252/379). The prevalence of antibacterial resistance of E. coli strains and the high dynamics of its growth are shown. So the level of resistance of E. Coli in 2019 was 70 ± 4.06 % (176/252). This was 11 % more compared to 2014 and 18.8 % more compared to 2009. The percentage of multiresistant strains tended to increase and amounted to 28 ± 9.97 % (70/252) among patients with UTI and 40 ± 9.12 % (70/176) in the structure of resistance in 2019. The relative risk of ABR increased by 1.6 times in 2019 compared to 2014 (RR2019 = 2.208 ± 0.207 [1.473;3.310], р < 0.05 vs RR2014 = 1.375 ± 0.209 [0.913;2.063]) and by 3 times compared to 2009 (RR2009 = 0.727 ± 0.209 [0.483;1.095]). Ampicillin and amoxicillin showed an equally low sensitivity level (3.5 ± 32.14 % (9/252)). Only every second child confirmed sensitivity to cefuroxime (53.6 ± 5.76 (135/252)). Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin showed a relatively high sensitivity level — 77.4 ± 3.34 (195/252) and 83 ± 2.81 (209/252), and at the same time the rapidly growing resistance rates — almost twice as high over the past 5 years. Furazidin K showed a high sensitivity level of 85.7 ± 2.53% (216/252), the lowest level of overall resistance of 14.3 ± 15.15 % (36/252) and a slow rate of its formation. An unfavourable prognosis of an increase in the relative risk of ABR by 2.9-3.7 times in the next 5–10 years was determined among patients with UTI, provided that the existing diagnostic and treatment approaches are maintained. Conclusions: The study results are important for understanding the clinical decision on the benefits of antibacterial therapy and optimizing its empirical choice for a patient with UTI.

Medication Compliance in Elderly Outpatients Using Twice-Daily Dosing and Unit-of-Use Packaging

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Stewart ◽  
Michael D. Murray ◽  
Julie A. Birt ◽  
Amita K. Manatunga ◽  
Jeffrey C. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Drug Packaging ◽  
Elderly Outpatients ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of unit-of-use drug packaging of medications on compliance among elderly outpatients treated with complex medication regimens. DESIGN: Nonblind, randomized, clinical trial. SETTING: Geriatric outreach health centers in urban public housing units for independent-living elderly people. PATIENTS: Thirty-one patients (aged ≥60 y), each taking three or more prescribed medications. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three study groups: Group 1 (n=12), no change in dosing or packaging; group 2 (n=10), conventional packaging with twice-daily dosing; group 3 (n=9), unit-of-use packaging with twice-daily dosing. INTERVENTION: A unit-of-use package consisting of a two-ounce plastic cup with a snap-on lid containing all medications to be taken at the time of dosing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medication compliance was assessed monthly for six months using tablet counts. RESULTS: Medication compliance was significantly better in group 3 (92.6 percent) using unit-of-use packaging compared with either group 1 (79 percent) or group 2 (82.6 percent) (p=0.017). Compliance did not differ between groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: In this small study of elderly outpatients taking three or more medications, unit-of-use packaging and twice-daily dosing improved medication compliance compared with conventional packaging.

scholarly journals CYP7A1 gene polymorphism and the characteristics of dyslipidemias in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease concurrent with hypothyroidism

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Zhaldak ◽  
O K Melekhovets ◽  
V F Orlovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To investigate the association of the polymorphic variants -204A > C (rs 3808607) in the CYP7A1 gene with the development of dyslipidemias in healthy individuals, in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in those with NAFLD concurrent with hypothyroidism. Subjects and methods. DNA samples and lipidograms were examined in 180 patients, including 60 healthy individuals (Group 1), 60 patients with hypothyroidism concurrent with NAFLD (Group 2), and 60 patients with NAFLD (Group 3). All the patients underwent ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland and abdominal cavity organs; FibroMax scores were calculated. Results. All the study groups most frequently showed a homozygous AA genotype (86.6% of cases in Group 1, 80% in Group 2, and 83.3% in Group 3). The development of NAFLD in CC genotype carriers is characterized by the most pronounced changes in lipid metabolism (atherogenic index (AI), 7.32 in Group 3) compared to the genotypes AA (AI, 4.56 in Group 2 and 1.73 in Group 1) and CC (AI, 6.43 in Group 2 and 2.52 in Group 1) in functional insufficiency of thyroid hormones and relative normal conditions. Conclusion. The analysis of the relationship of polymorphic variants CYP7A1 rs 38088607 to lipid metabolic disturbances in the study groups showed that the significantly higher levels of atherogenic cholesterol fractions were determined in the CC genotype compared to AA genotype carriers and they did not depend on the presence of NAFLD and hypothyroidism. The findings make it possible to consider the AA homozygous genotype of variant mutation CYP7A1 rs 38088607 as protective against dyslipidemia. However, in functional insufficiency of thyroid hormones, the level of triglycerides is significantly higher in both genotypes, which suggests that hypothyroidism plays an essential role in the development of dyslipidemia and NAFLD.

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