Occurrence of mycorrhizae on ericaceous and pyrolaceous plants in northern California

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (21) ◽  
pp. 2274-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Largent ◽  
Neil Sugihara ◽  
Carl Wishner
Keyword(s):  
Northern California ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbutus Menziesii ◽  
First Time

Four hundred and eighty plants in northern California from 27 taxa in the Ericaceae and 5 in the Pyrolaceae were surveyed for presence of ectomycorrhizae, arbutoid, or ericoid mycorrhizae between September 1977 and April 1978. Of these, 337 in the Ericaceae and 8 in the Pyrolaceae had one or more types of mycorrhizae.At least 88% of the plants of larger shrubs or trees (Arbutus menziesii or Arctostaphylos spp.) were mycorrhizal in various locations in northern California. Of the plants in the remaining twenty-two taxa that were mycorrhizal, 67–100% had ectomycorrhizae or arbutoid mycorrhizae. Twenty-three taxa of ericaceous or pyrolaceous plants in the genera Cassiope, Gaultheria, Kalmia, Ledum, Leucothoe, Phyllodoce, Rhododendron, Vaccinium, Pyrola, and Chimaphila were also mycorrhizal. The type and abundance of mycorrhizae appear to depend on as yet undefined ecological factors.Ectomycorrhizae (including the Cenococcum type) or ericoid mycorrhizae are reported for the first time in Arbutus, most Arctostaphylos spp., Gaultheria shallon, Kalmia polifolia, Ledum glandulosum var. columbianum, Leucothoe davisiae, Rhododendron macrophyllum, Vaccinium arbuscula, V. ovatum, V. scoparium, Chimaphila menziesii, and Pyrola picta f. picta.

Diversity and abundance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi of Gaultheria shallon on forest clearcuts

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Xiao ◽  
Shannon M. Berch
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acremonium Strictum ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Scanning Electron

Roots of salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh) collected from forest clearcuts were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy, and the ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were isolated and identified. Heavy colonization of typical ericoid mycorrhizae was present in and restricted to the first of the two layers of root cortical cells. Neither ectomycorrhizae nor arbutoid mycorrhizae were observed. In the field, over 85% of the roots and 90% of the cortical cells within colonized roots were colonized. One hundred and seventy-five of the 278 fungal isolates from salal roots formed ericoid mycorrhizae with salal in the laboratory, and these isolates were grouped into four species based on spore formation and cultural characteristics: Oidiodendron griseum Robak, Acremonium strictwn W. Gams, and two unidentified, nonsporulating fungal species. The association in the laboratory between A. strictum and salal was atypical in that the fungus improved the growth of salal seedlings but was slow to colonize roots and occasionally grew and even sporulated on the shoots. No differences in percent colonization or diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were found in salal growing on clearcuts from two different forest types. Keywords: Gaultheria shallon, Oidiodendron griseum, Acremonium strictum, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi.

Northeast Pacific Cretaceous record ofPyropsis(Neogastropoda: Pyropsidae) and paleobiogeography of the genus

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
New World ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks ◽  
First Time ◽  
Warm Temperate

The neogastropod genusPyropsisConrad, 1860 (family Pyropsidae Stephenson, 1941) is recognized for the first time from Upper Cretaceous shallow-marine siliciclastic rocks in the region extending from Vancouver Island, British Columbia southward to southern California. Four new species were detected:Pyropsis aldersoni(earliest Coniacian, southern California),Pyropsis californica(early Coniacian, northern California),Pyropsis louellae(late Coniacian or early Santonian, northern California), andPyropsis grahami(late early Campanian, Vancouver Island).A critical review of the global reports ofPyropsis, a genus that has been commonly confused with other genera (especiallyTudiclaRöding, 1798), establishes thatPyropsishad an amphitropical distribution and lived in warm-temperate waters adjacent to a broad tropical realm. It is rare to uncommon wherever found, and its geologic range is middle Cenomanian to an age near the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary (probably earliest Paleocene). It was moderately widespread before the Maastrichtian but was predominantly restricted to the New World during the Maastrichtian.

The mycorrhizal status of boreal plants: additional species from northeastern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Malloch ◽  
B. Malloch
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Boreal Plants ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

Thirty-one species of vascular plants commonly occurring in the Boreal Forest Region of northeastern Ontario were examined for the presence of mycorrhizae. Two species were ectomycorrhizal, 3 both ecto- and endo-mycorrhizal, and 15 endomycorrhizal. Two species of Ericaceae had ericoid mycorrhizae and one had both ericoid and arbutoid mycorrhizae. Eight species, unexpectedly including three species of Rosaceae and two of Saxifragaceae, completely lacked mycorrhizae. The significance of the findings concerning the Betulaceae, Fraxinus, the Ericaceae, Rosaceae, and Saxifragaceae are discussed, as is occurrence of Cenococcum-type infections among the species.

scholarly journals Insects collected from wood infested with Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae) in the Piemonte region, Northwestern Italy

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bosio ◽  
Crystal Cooke-McEwen
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Thousand Cankers Disease ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
First Time ◽  
Accidental Introduction

The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae), and thousand cankers disease are documented in the Piemonte region of Northern Italy for the first time.  Northern California is found to be the likely origin of the Piemonte walnut twig beetles based on the comparison of CO1 haplotypes. Multiple species of parasitoids have been reared from black walnut wood infested with the invasive walnut twig beetle.  These rearings constitute the first record of the genus Neocalosoter Girault and Dodd (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae Cerocephalinae) in Europe and are likely due to accidental introduction along with the host beetle. Two specimens of Theocolax spp. are described as morphological anomalies with geographical origins unknown.   

Fungi on decaying leaves in marine habitats

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Anastasiou ◽  
L. M. Churchland
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Arbutus Menziesii ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prunus Laurocerasus

Fourteen species of fungi are reported on submerged leaves of Prunus laurocerasus and Arbutus menziesii. Nowakowskiella elegans (Nowak.) Schroeter is reported from the ocean for the first time. Phytophthora vesicula sp. nov. is described and is reported to be extremely common on leaves in the marine environment. The relationship of P. vesicula to other species of the genus is discussed.

The mycorrhizal status of boreal plants: species from northeastern Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2167-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Malloch ◽  
B. Malloch
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Boreal Plants ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

Twenty-nine species of vascular plants commonly occurring in the Boreal Forest Region of northeastern Ontario were examined for the presence of mycorrhizae. Four species were ectomycontiizal, 4 both endo- and ecto-mycorrhizal, and 15 endomycorrhizal. Among the Ericaceae, one had arbutoid mycorrhizae and five ericoid mycorrhizae. The distribution of Cenococcum geophilum among the ectomycorrhizal and arbutoid plants is compared. Selected findings are discussed in relation to reports in the literature.

scholarly journals Synthesis and ultrastructural observation of arbutoid mycorrhizae of black truffles (Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum)

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ori ◽  
Marco Leonardi ◽  
Antonella Faccio ◽  
Fabiano Sillo ◽  
Mirco Iotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cells ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Observation ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Tuber Borchii ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Black Truffles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Opening Up

Abstract Arbutus unedo (the strawberry tree) is a Mediterranean shrub which forms arbutoid mycorrhizae with a variety of Asco- and Basidiomycetes. After the discovery of the mycorrhizal symbiosis between A. unedo and Tuber borchii, in this study, arbutoid mycorrhizae were synthetized in greenhouse with Tuber aestivum and Tuber melanosporum. Six months after inoculation, both species colonized the roots of all inoculated A. unedo seedlings, but mature mycorrhizae were only observed after 12 months. Ultrastructure analysis of Tuber arbutoid mycorrhizae was described for the first time, showing, as observed in typical endosymbiosis, a rearrangement of host cells and the creation of an interface compartment with both truffle species. Immunolabelling experiments suggested that pectins are not present in the interface matrix surrounding the intracellular hyphae. Thus, the ability to establish symbiosis with A. unedo seems to be a common feature in the genus Tuber, opening up the possibility to use this plant for mycorrhization with valuable truffles. This could represent an important economic opportunity in Mediterranean areas by combining the production of truffles, edible fruits and valued honey.

Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽  
J. S. Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

Electron spectroscopic imaging and diffraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
M. Rühle ◽  
J. Mayer ◽  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
J. Bihr ◽  
W. Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Filter ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Fritz Haber ◽  
Koehler Illumination ◽  
First Time

A new Zeiss TEM with an imaging Omega filter is a fully digitized, side-entry, 120 kV TEM/STEM instrument for materials science. The machine possesses an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter (see Fig. 1) placed between the third and fourth projector lens. Lanio designed the filter and a prototype was built at the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin, Germany. The imaging magnetic filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient area detection. The energy dispersion at the exit slit (Fig. 1) results in ∼ 1.5 μm/eV which allows imaging with energy windows of ≤ 10 eV. The smallest probe size of the microscope is 1.6 nm and the Koehler illumination system is used for the first time in a TEM. Serial recording of EELS spectra with a resolution < 1 eV is possible. The digital control allows X,Y,Z coordinates and tilt settings to be stored and later recalled.

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