Latitudinal trends in the responses of growth respiration and maintenance respiration to temperature in the beach pea, Lathyrus japonicus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 1521-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lechowicz ◽  
L. E. Hellens ◽  
J.-P. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Beach Pea ◽  
Respiratory Responses

The response of dark respiration to temperature was measured for populations of Lathyrus japonicus collected from 39–56° N latitude. Carbon loss in dark respiration increases with latitude at all temperatures. This increased respiratory activity is attributable to concomitant increases in both the growth and maintenance components of total dark respiration. The possible adaptive significance of these respiratory responses is discussed.

Low levels of ozone increase bean leaf maintenance respiration

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Amthor ◽  
Jonathan R. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Intermediates ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Growth Respiration Coefficient ◽  
Maintenance Respiration Coefficient

Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants were exposed to charcoal-filtered air with or without added low levels of ozone (90 nL∙L−1). Dark respiration (CO2 efflux) by expanding primary leaves of the plants was measured and mathematically partitioned into growth and maintenance components. The growth respiration coefficient was unaffected by ozone, whereas the maintenance respiration coefficient increased 15%. Such a relative increase in maintenance respiration results in a diversion of energy and metabolic intermediates from growth processes.

Thermal acclimation of respiration but not photosynthesis in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Fern Ow ◽  
David Whitehead ◽  
Adrian S. Walcroft ◽  
Matthew H. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Term Response ◽  
N Status ◽  
Respiratory Responses

Pinus radiata L. were grown in climate-controlled cabinets under three night/day temperature treatments, and transferred between treatments to mimic changes in growth temperature. The objective was to determine the extent to which dark respiration and photosynthesis in pre-existing and new needles acclimate to changes in growth temperatures. We also assessed whether needle nitrogen influenced the potential for photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation, and further assessed if short-term (instantaneous, measured over a few hours) respiratory responses are accurate predictors of long-term (acclimated, achieved in days–weeks) responses of respiration to changing temperature. Results show that respiration displayed considerable potential for acclimation. Cold and warm transfers resulted in some acclimation of respiration in pre-existing needles, but full acclimation was displayed only in new needles formed at the new growth temperature. Short-term respiratory responses were poor predictors of the long-term response of respiration due to acclimation. There was no evidence that photosynthesis in pre-existing or new needles acclimated to changes in growth temperature. N status of leaves had little impact on the extent of acclimation. Collectively, our results indicate that there is little likelihood that respiration would be significantly stimulated in this species as night temperatures increase over the range of 10–20°C, but that inclusion of temperature acclimation of respiration would in fact lead to a shift in the balance between photosynthesis and respiration in favour of carbon uptake.

The Effect of Palm Age and Planting Density on the Partitioning of Assimilates in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Breure
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation

SUMMARYYield and growth records from an oil palm planting density experiment, comparing 56, 110, 148 and 186 palms ha−1, and a progeny experiment, planted at 115 and 143 palms ha−1, were used to estimate the partitioning of assimilates into those used for structural dry matter (DM) production, and those used for growth and maintenance respiration.Gross photosynthetic assimilation (A) for closed canopies was estimated from absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), derived from actual sunshine hours, and the assimilation-light response curve, to be 128 t CH2O ha−1 year−1. A for non-closed canopies was calculated by correcting for the degree of light transmission, which in turn was estimated from recorded leaf area index values (L), i.e. the total leaf area per unit ground area.Forty-eight percent of gross assimilation was used for DM production, about half of this being lost in growth respiration. The remaining 52% was lost in maintenance respiration. These losses appeared to level off before crown expansion was completed, and since trunk biomass continued to increase, maintenance respiration per unit biomass (R) decreased with age.An increase in planting density reduced the assimilates available for bunch DM, had little effect on those for vegetative growth, but strongly reduced maintenance respiration and, since biomass was little affected, reduced R. Assimilates for bunch DM ha−1 reached a maximum at L = 5.6.The observed trends in R as a function of palm age and planting density merit further study.

scholarly journals Growth Respiration, Maintenance Respiration, and Carbon Fixation of Vinca: A Time Series Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. van Iersel ◽  
Lynne Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Respiration is important in the overall carbon balance of plants, and can be separated into growth (Rg) and maintenance respiration (Rm). Estimation of Rg and Rm throughout plant development is difficult with traditional approaches. Here, we describe a new method to determine ontogenic changes in Rg and Rm. The CO2 exchange rate of groups of 28 `Cooler Peppermint' vinca plants [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.] was measured at 20 min intervals for 2 weeks. These data were used to calculate daily carbon gain (DCG, a measure of growth rate) and cumulative carbon gain (CCG, a measure of plant size). Growth and maintenance respiration were estimated based on the assumption that they are functions of DCG and CCG, respectively. Results suggested a linear relationship between DCG and Rg. Initially, Rm was three times larger than Rg, but they were similar at the end of the experiment. The decrease in the fraction of total available carbohydrates that was used for Rm resulted in an increase in carbon use efficiency from 0.51 to 0.67 mol·mol-1 during the 2-week period. The glucose requirement of the plants was determined from Rg, DCG, and the carbon fraction of the plant material and estimated to be 1.39 g·g-1, while the maintenance coefficient was estimated to be 0.031 g·g-1·d-1 at the end of the experiment. These results are similar to values reported previously for other species. This suggests that the use of semicontinuous CO2 exchange measurements for estimating Rg and Rm yields reasonable results.

scholarly journals Light Effects on Wax Begonia: Photosynthesis, Growth Respiration, Maintenance Respiration, and Carbon Use Efficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna S. Nemali ◽  
M.W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Gas Exchange System

The effect of increasing daily light integral (DLI; 5.3, 9.5, 14.4, and 19.4 mol·m-2·d-1) on photosynthesis and respiration of wax begonia (Begonia semperflorens-cultorum Hort.) was examined by measuring CO2 exchange rates (CER) for a period of 25 d in a whole-plant gas exchange system. Although plant growth rate (GR, increase in dry weight per day) increased linearly with increasing DLI, plants grown at low DLI (5.3 or 9.5 mol·m-2·d-1) respired more carbohydrates than were fixed in photosynthesis during the early growth period (13 and 4 d, respectively), resulting in a negative daily carbon gain (DCG) and GR. Carbon use efficiency [CUE, the ratio of carbon incorporated into the plant to C fixed in gross photosynthesis (Pg)] of plants grown at low DLI was low, since these plants used most of the C fixed in Pg for maintenance respiration (Rm), leaving few, if any, C for growth and growth respiration (Rg). Maintenance respiration accounted for a smaller fraction of the total respiration with increasing DLI. In addition, the importance of Rm in the carbon balance of the plants decreased over time, resulting in an increase in CUE. At harvest, crop dry weight (DWCROP) increased linearly with increasing DLI, due to the increased photosynthesis and CUE at high PPF.

Dark Respiration and Organic Carbon Loss

2016 ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Raven ◽  
John Beardall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Carbon Loss

Respiratory depression produced by activation of GABA receptors in hindbrain of cat

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1278-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Yamada ◽  
P. Hamosh ◽  
R. A. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Respiratory Responses

Respiratory responses to activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the hindbrain were measured in chloralose-anesthetized cats using a Fleisch pneumotachograph. GABA receptors were activated by intracisternal injections of muscimol and GABA. Muscimol (0.05--6.65 micrograms) administered to seven animals caused a depression of respiratory activity with apnea occurring in each animal. Before apnea occurred, a decrease in tidal volume was observed (from 25.7 +/- 0.9 to 14.7 +/- 1.1 ml). Respiratory rate and inspiratory and expiratory durations were unchanged. GABA (0.05--12.15 mg) administered to five animals produced the same effect as muscimol on respiratory activity. Apnea produced by both agents was reversed by intracisternal administration of the GABA-receptor antagonist drug, bicuculline. Administration of bicuculline to four naive animals increased tidal volume (from 31.3 +/- 1.7 to 36.5 +/- 0.7 ml) but had no effect on either respiratory rate or inspiratory duration. These results indicate that activation of GABA receptors causes respiratory depression and suggest that GABA may be an important neurotransmitter in CNS neural pathways involved in regulating respiratory activity.

Respiratory cost of leaf growth and maintenance in white oak saplings exposed to atmospheric CO2 enrichment

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1717-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan D. Wullschleger ◽  
Richard J. Norby
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Maintenance Coefficients ◽  
Respiratory Cost

Atmospheric CO2 enrichment reportedly reduces respiration of mature leaves in a number of woody and herbaceous perennials. It has yet to be determined, however, whether these reductions reflect changes in maintenance respiration alone or whether CO2 might affect growth respiration as well. This possibility was examined in white oak (Quercusalba L.) seedlings that had been planted directly into the ground within open-top chambers and exposed to ambient, ambient +150 μL•L−1, and ambient +300 μL•L−1 CO2 concentrations over a 3-year period. In the spring of 1992, respiration rates were measured repeatedly during leaf expansion, and the growth and maintenance coefficients were determined using a two-component model. Specific respiration rates (mg CO2•g−1•h−1) were consistently lower for leaves of CO2-enriched saplings than for leaves of ambient-grown saplings. Partitioning these reductions in leaf respiration to either the growth or maintenance coefficients indicated a strong effect of CO2 on both components. The growth coefficient for leaves exposed to the ambient CO2 treatment was 964 mg CO2•g−1 compared with 849 and 664 mg CO2•g−1•for leaves from the two elevated CO2 concentrations, respectively. The maintenance coefficient was similarly reduced from a control rate of 114 mg CO2•g−1•d−1 to below 65 mg CO2•g−1•d−1 for leaves exposed to CO2 enrichment. Our results quantitatively describe the magnitude by which growth and maintenance respiration are affected by CO2 enrichment and as such should provide useful information for the future modeling of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals The Oxygen Uptake of Suspensions and Cultures of a Free-living Bacterium

1937 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-170
Author(s):  
JANE MEIKLEJOHN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Temperature Liquid

1. The oxygen uptake of pure cultures and suspensions of a free-living bacterial species has been measured at 26° C. 2. At this temperature, liquid cultures reach the maximum stationary phase of growth about 96 hours after inoculation. 3. The greatest total oxygen uptake was observed in samples taken from cultures 72 hours after inoculation, and the greatest uptake per cell at 48 hours after inoculation. The oxygen uptake in cultures which have reached the stationary state falls off rapidly, at each successive sampling, to a very low value. 4. In suspensions deprived of nitrogen, and showing no growth, and in cultures in the stationary phase, oxygen uptake proceeds at a constant rate. 5. In both suspensions and cultures, where active growth is taking place, the rate of oxygen uptake rises continuously; after a preliminary period of adjustment this rise is logarithmic. 6. The rise in oxygen uptake in a growing suspension is proportionately greater than the rise in bacterial numbers. 7. It is suggested that the oxygen uptake of a growing culture can be divided into two parts; "maintenance" respiration and "growth" respiration, and a technique is outlined for estimating the amount of oxygen uptake due to each factor.

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