Erratum: On the promotion of senescence in Brassica oleracea var. capitata by Alternaria brassicicola and by Botrytis cinerea

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120-1120
Author(s):  
P. A. Poapst ◽  
B. Anne Ramsoomair ◽  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

The caption to Table 5 should read "Carbon dioxide concentrations above cabbage leaf discs floated on distilled water, inoculated with Alternaria brassicicola, and retained in darkness at six temperatures."

On the promotion of senescence in Brassica oleracea var. capitata by Alternaria brassicicola and by Botrytis cinerea

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (21) ◽  
pp. 2378-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Poapst ◽  
B. Anne Ramsoomair ◽  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Floating Leaf

Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea stimulated ethylene production in closed culture with floating leaf discs from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Production with A. brassicicola had an observed maximum at 18 °C and was speeded by preculturing the fungus on media containing cabbage components, but which contained little or no methionine.In the absence of cabbage tissue, both organisms demonstrated a latent capacity to generate ethylene from closed shake cultures of Czapek's medium containing L-methionine. With A. brassicicola in a modified Czapek's medium (minus ferrous sulfate) containing 10−3 ML-methionine, there was a stimulation of ethylene production at 18 °C by the addition of Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, ca. 8% carbon dioxide, or the potassium salt of gibberellic acid (GA3). With B. cinerea, 4% carbon dioxide was stimulatory, 29% carbon dioxide was inhibitory, whereas less than 4% oxygen arrested the production of ethylene completely for 48 h.Results suggest that the nature of parasitism of A. brassicicola and B. cinerea on cabbage is characterized by a latent capability to cause the production of, and to produce, the plant-senescing hormone ethylene.

scholarly journals Snowfall-albedo feedbacks could have led to deglaciation of snowball Earth starting from mid-latitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp de Vrese ◽  
Tobias Stacke ◽  
Jeremy Caves Rugenstein ◽  
Jason Goodman ◽  
Victor Brovkin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Earth’S Climate

AbstractSimple and complex climate models suggest a hard snowball – a completely ice-covered planet – is one of the steady-states of Earth’s climate. However, a seemingly insurmountable challenge to the hard-snowball hypothesis lies in the difficulty in explaining how the planet could have exited the glaciated state within a realistic range of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Here, we use simulations with the Earth system model MPI-ESM to demonstrate that terminal deglaciation could have been triggered by high dust deposition fluxes. In these simulations, deglaciation is not initiated in the tropics, where a strong hydrological cycle constantly regenerates fresh snow at the surface, which limits the dust accumulation and snow aging, resulting in a high surface albedo. Instead, comparatively low precipitation rates in the mid-latitudes in combination with high maximum temperatures facilitate lower albedos and snow dynamics that – for extreme dust fluxes – trigger deglaciation even at present-day carbon dioxide levels.

Carbon Capture and the Aluminium Industry: Preliminary Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jones ◽  
Gargi Joshi ◽  
Malcolm Clark ◽  
David McConchie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Carbonate Alkalinity ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Bicarbonate Alkalinity

Environmental Context. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are rising every year by 1.5–3.0 ppm and there is now a general acceptance that increased efforts must be made to reduce industrial sources of this greenhouse gas. Carbonation of red mud wastes produced by aluminium refineries has been carried out to study the capacity of these wastes to capture carbon dioxide. Removal is very rapid, with the added carbon dioxide recorded as a large increase in bicarbonate alkalinity. Although these results can only be considered preliminary, the experiments indicate that these wastes can potentially remove up to 15 million tonnes of carbon dioxide produced in Australia per annum. Furthermore, the carbonated waste can be used in other industrial processes to add further value to these waste materials. Abstract. Carbonation of raw red mud produced by aluminium refineries and a chemically and physically neutralized red mud (Bauxsol™) has been carried out to study the capacity of these wastes to capture carbon dioxide. After only 5 min of carbonation of raw red mud, total alkalinity dropped 85%. Hydroxide alkalinity was almost totally consumed, carbonate alkalinity dropped by 88%, and bicarbonate alkalinity increased to 728 mg L–1. After 24 min carbonation, the bicarbonate alkalinity reached its maximum value of 2377 mg L–1, and hydroxide and carbonate alkalinity were virtually absent. After 30 and 60 min carbonation, bicarbonate alkalinity started to decrease slightly as the pH of the slurry increased. After 5 min carbonation of Bauxsol™, total and bicarbonate alkalinity dropped 89% and 9%, respectively. After 20 min carbonation, bicarbonate alkalinity dropped another 11%, but after 30 min carbonation bicarbonate alkalinity increased 26% to levels found in the original Bauxsol material, and pH was stable. Based on these experiments, a calculation of the amount of carbon dioxide that could be removed annually at aluminium refineries in Australia is potentially 15 million tonnes, and suggests that further studies are necessary to maximize this carbon removal process. Furthermore, carbonation produces a product, which can potentially be used in other industrial and agricultural activities to remove toxic metals and nutrients.

Effect of prolonged exposure of rats to high carbon dioxide concentrations

1978 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1149-1151
Author(s):  
P. M. Gramenitskii ◽  
V. A. Galichii ◽  
N. V. Petrova ◽  
N. Yu. Leont'eva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

Elevated air carbon dioxide concentrations increase dissolved carbon leaching from a cropland soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Siemens ◽  
Andreas Pacholski ◽  
Katia Heiduk ◽  
Anette Giesemann ◽  
Ulrike Schulte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

Measuring complex for monitoring carbon dioxide in air

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Igor M. Ageev ◽  
Yuri M. Rybin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Measuring Complex ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Term Monitoring

The advantages and disadvantages of infrared and electrochemical gas analyzers for carbon dioxide CO2 are described. The possibility of using conductometric sensors with distilled water for monitoring the CO2 content in the air has been investigated. Two identical measuring systems were manufactured, each containing two open-type conductometric cells, a matching device and a personal computer. With the help of these complexes, experiments were carried out on the simultaneous measurement of the CO2 content in the air in two places (a laboratory room and a building in a forest, located at a distance of 15 km from each other) with deliberately different daily dynamics of the CO2 level change. A special experiment was carried out, which made it possible to obtain an estimate of the inertia of conductometric cells and a conversion factor for the values of CO2 content into standard units of measurement. It is shown that the daily dynamics of changes in the electrical conductivity of distilled water in open cells corresponds to the expected dynamics of changes in the CO2 content in the rooms where the measurements were carried out. The operability of the measuring complex and the possibility of creating on its basis a device for long-term monitoring of the CO2 content in the air mixture of gases has been confirmed. The principal high selectivity of the measuring complex to CO2 in relation to other gases of the atmosphere has been established.

Why does the climate response to greenhouse warming and greenhouse cooling differ? 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kay ◽  
Jason Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Greenhouse Warming ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Cloud Feedbacks ◽  
Surface Climate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Radiative Feedbacks

<p>While the long-standing quest to constrain equilibrium climate sensitivity has resulted in intense scrutiny of the processes controlling idealized greenhouse warming, the processes controlling idealized greenhouse cooling have received less attention. Here, differences in the climate response to increased and decreased carbon dioxide concentrations are assessed in state-of-the-art fully coupled climate model experiments. One hundred and fifty years after an imposed instantaneous forcing change, surface global warming from a carbon dioxide doubling (abrupt-2xCO2, 2.43 K) is larger than the surface global cooling from a carbon dioxide halving (abrupt-0p5xCO2, 1.97 K). Both forcing and feedback differences explain these climate response differences. Multiple approaches show the radiative forcing for a carbon dioxide doubling is ~10% larger than for a carbon dioxide halving. In addition, radiative feedbacks are less negative in the doubling experiments than in the halving experiments. Specifically, less negative tropical shortwave cloud feedbacks and more positive subtropical cloud feedbacks lead to more greenhouse 2xCO2 warming than 0.5xCO2 greenhouse cooling. Motivated to directly isolate the influence of cloud feedbacks on these experiments, additional abrupt-2xCO2 and abrupt-0p5xCO2 experiments with disabled cloud-climate feedbacks were run. Comparison of these “cloud-locked” simulations with the original “cloud active” simulations shows cloud feedbacks help explain the nonlinear global surface temperature response to greenhouse warming and greenhouse cooling. Overall, these results demonstrate that both radiative forcing and radiative feedbacks are needed to explain differences in the surface climate response to increased and decreased carbon dioxide concentrations.</p>

scholarly journals The insecticidal potential of Foeniculum vulgareMill., Pimpinella anisum L. and Caryophillus aromaticus L. to control aphid on kale plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. R. LUCCA ◽  
L. H. P. NÓBREGA ◽  
L. F. A. ALVES ◽  
C. T. A. CRUZ-SILVA ◽  
F. P. PACHECO
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Pimpinella Anisum ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fennel Oil

ABSTRACTThe use of natural substances for pest control in agriculture is, economically, a viable option and has benefits for both the humanbeing and the environment, due to its low persistence and toxicity. Thus, this trial aimed on determining the insecticidal potential of the extracts and essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and clove (Caryophillus aromaticus L.) to control Brevicoryne brassicae L. in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.). The treatments were: fennel, anise, cloves extracts at 10%; fennel, anise, cloves oils at 1% and control with distilled water. The mortality tests were carried out with aphids in laboratory, with three replications, after 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. During laboratory trials , it was found out that fennel oil at 1% showed the best rate of mortality on aphid nymphs (70% at 72 h), followed by clove extract at 10% with 37% mortality. Tests in pots were only carried out only with cloves extracts at 10% and fennel oil at 1% treatment, in which such efficiency was alsoindicated on aphid nymphs.

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