Carbon Capture and the Aluminium Industry: Preliminary Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jones ◽  
Gargi Joshi ◽  
Malcolm Clark ◽  
David McConchie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Carbonate Alkalinity ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Bicarbonate Alkalinity

Environmental Context. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are rising every year by 1.5–3.0 ppm and there is now a general acceptance that increased efforts must be made to reduce industrial sources of this greenhouse gas. Carbonation of red mud wastes produced by aluminium refineries has been carried out to study the capacity of these wastes to capture carbon dioxide. Removal is very rapid, with the added carbon dioxide recorded as a large increase in bicarbonate alkalinity. Although these results can only be considered preliminary, the experiments indicate that these wastes can potentially remove up to 15 million tonnes of carbon dioxide produced in Australia per annum. Furthermore, the carbonated waste can be used in other industrial processes to add further value to these waste materials. Abstract. Carbonation of raw red mud produced by aluminium refineries and a chemically and physically neutralized red mud (Bauxsol™) has been carried out to study the capacity of these wastes to capture carbon dioxide. After only 5 min of carbonation of raw red mud, total alkalinity dropped 85%. Hydroxide alkalinity was almost totally consumed, carbonate alkalinity dropped by 88%, and bicarbonate alkalinity increased to 728 mg L–1. After 24 min carbonation, the bicarbonate alkalinity reached its maximum value of 2377 mg L–1, and hydroxide and carbonate alkalinity were virtually absent. After 30 and 60 min carbonation, bicarbonate alkalinity started to decrease slightly as the pH of the slurry increased. After 5 min carbonation of Bauxsol™, total and bicarbonate alkalinity dropped 89% and 9%, respectively. After 20 min carbonation, bicarbonate alkalinity dropped another 11%, but after 30 min carbonation bicarbonate alkalinity increased 26% to levels found in the original Bauxsol material, and pH was stable. Based on these experiments, a calculation of the amount of carbon dioxide that could be removed annually at aluminium refineries in Australia is potentially 15 million tonnes, and suggests that further studies are necessary to maximize this carbon removal process. Furthermore, carbonation produces a product, which can potentially be used in other industrial and agricultural activities to remove toxic metals and nutrients.

scholarly journals Contribution of non-carbonate anions to river alkalinity and overestimation of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5159-5177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Hunt ◽  
J. E. Salisbury ◽  
D. Vandemark
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
New England ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Carbonate Alkalinity ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Release ◽  
Northern New England

Abstract. Total alkalinity (TAlk) has long been used to evaluate the buffering capacity of aquatic systems. TAlk has also been used, together with measurements of either pH or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), to indirectly estimate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in inland waters, estuaries, and marine systems. These estimates typically assume that carbonate and bicarbonate ions comprise nearly all the species contributing to TAlk; however, other inorganic and organic acids have the potential to contribute significant non-carbonate alkalinity. To evaluate the potential for error in using TAlk to estimate pCO2, we measured pH, TAlk, and DIC in samples of river water. Estimates of pCO2 derived from TAlk and pH measurements were markedly higher than pCO2 estimates derived from DIC and pH. We infer that this overestimate is due to the presence of significant non-carbonate alkalinity (NC-Alk). This study also describes the relative proportions of carbonate- and non-carbonate alkalinity measured in 15 river systems located in northern New England and the Canadian Maritimes. NC-Alk represents a significant buffering component in these river systems, and failure to account for NC-Alk (which cannot directly contribute to pCO2) leads to the overestimation of carbon dioxide release to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Contribution of non-carbonate anions to total alkalinity and overestimation of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in New England and New Brunswick rivers

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3069-3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Hunt ◽  
J. E. Salisbury ◽  
D. Vandemark
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
New England ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Carbonate Alkalinity ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Release ◽  
Northern New England

Abstract. Total alkalinity (TAlk) has long been used to evaluate the buffering capacity of aquatic systems. TAlk has also been used, together with measurements of either pH or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), to indirectly estimate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in inland waters, estuaries, and marine systems. These estimates typically assume that carbonate and bicarbonate ions comprise nearly all the species contributing to TAlk; however, other inorganic and organic acids have the potential to contribute significant non-carbonate alkalinity. To evaluate the potential for error in using TAlk to estimate pCO2, we measured pH, TAlk, and DIC in samples of river water. Estimates of pCO2 derived from TAlk and pH measurements were higher than pCO2 estimates derived from DIC and pH by 13–66%. We infer that this overestimate is due to the presence of significant non-carbonate alkalinity (NC-Alk). This study also describes the relative proportions of carbonate- and non-carbonate alkalinity measured in 15 river systems located in northern New England (USA) and New Brunswick (Canada). NC-Alk represents a significant buffering component in these river systems (21–∼100% of TAlk), and failure to account for NC-Alk (which cannot directly contribute to pCO2) leads to the overestimation of carbon dioxide release to the atmosphere.

CO2 Reduction to Propanol by Copper Foams: A Pre- and Post-Catalysis Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Rudd ◽  
Ewa Kazimierska ◽  
Louise B. Hamdy ◽  
Odin Bain ◽  
Sunyhik Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Copper Electrode ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Electrodes

The utilization of carbon dioxide is a major incentive for the growing field of carbon capture. Carbon dioxide could be an abundant building block to generate higher value products. Herein, we describe the use of porous copper electrodes to catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide into higher value products such as ethylene, ethanol and, notably, propanol. For <i>n</i>-propanol production, faradaic efficiencies reach 4.93% at -0.83 V <i>vs</i> RHE, with a geometric partial current density of -1.85 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. We have documented the performance of the catalyst in both pristine and urea-modified foams pre- and post-electrolysis. Before electrolysis, the copper electrode consisted of a mixture of cuboctahedra and dendrites. After 35-minute electrolysis, the cuboctahedra and dendrites have undergone structural rearrangement. Changes in the interaction of urea with the catalyst surface have also been observed. These transformations were characterized <i>ex-situ</i> using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that alterations in the morphology, crystallinity, and surface composition of the catalyst led to the deactivation of the copper foams.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Re-Arrangement of Copper Foams Pre- and Post-CO2 Electrocatalysis

Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-703
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Rudd ◽  
Sandra Hernandez-Aldave ◽  
Ewa Kazimierska ◽  
Louise B. Hamdy ◽  
Odin J. E. Bain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Copper Electrode ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Co2 Electrolysis

The utilization of carbon dioxide is a major incentive for the growing field of carbon capture. Carbon dioxide could be an abundant building block to generate higher-value chemical products. Herein, we fabricated a porous copper electrode capable of catalyzing the reduction of carbon dioxide into higher-value products, such as ethylene, ethanol and propanol. We investigated the formation of the foams under different conditions, not only analyzing their morphological and crystal structure, but also documenting their performance as a catalyst. In particular, we studied the response of the foams to CO2 electrolysis, including the effect of urea as a potential additive to enhance CO2 catalysis. Before electrolysis, the pristine and urea-modified foam copper electrodes consisted of a mixture of cuboctahedra and dendrites. After 35 min of electrolysis, the cuboctahedra and dendrites underwent structural rearrangement affecting catalysis performance. We found that alterations in the morphology, crystallinity and surface composition of the catalyst were conducive to the deactivation of the copper foams.

scholarly journals Snowfall-albedo feedbacks could have led to deglaciation of snowball Earth starting from mid-latitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp de Vrese ◽  
Tobias Stacke ◽  
Jeremy Caves Rugenstein ◽  
Jason Goodman ◽  
Victor Brovkin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Earth’S Climate

AbstractSimple and complex climate models suggest a hard snowball – a completely ice-covered planet – is one of the steady-states of Earth’s climate. However, a seemingly insurmountable challenge to the hard-snowball hypothesis lies in the difficulty in explaining how the planet could have exited the glaciated state within a realistic range of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Here, we use simulations with the Earth system model MPI-ESM to demonstrate that terminal deglaciation could have been triggered by high dust deposition fluxes. In these simulations, deglaciation is not initiated in the tropics, where a strong hydrological cycle constantly regenerates fresh snow at the surface, which limits the dust accumulation and snow aging, resulting in a high surface albedo. Instead, comparatively low precipitation rates in the mid-latitudes in combination with high maximum temperatures facilitate lower albedos and snow dynamics that – for extreme dust fluxes – trigger deglaciation even at present-day carbon dioxide levels.

scholarly journals Mineral carbonation process of carbon dioxide using animal bone

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110196
Author(s):  
Brendon Mpofu ◽  
Hembe E Mukaya ◽  
Diakanua B Nkazi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cow Bone

Carbon dioxide has been identified as one of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Several carbon capture and storage technologies have been developed to mitigate the large quantities of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, but these are quite expensive and not easy to implement. Thus, this research analyses the technical and economic feasibility of using calcium leached from cow bone to capture and store carbon dioxide through the mineral carbonation process. The capturing process of carbon dioxide was successful using the proposed technique of leaching calcium from cow shinbone (the tibia) in the presence of HCl by reacting the calcium solution with gaseous carbon dioxide. AAS and XRF analysis were used to determine the concentration of calcium in leached solutions and the composition of calcium in cow bone respectively. The best leaching conditions were found to be 4 mole/L HCl and leaching time of 6 h. Under these conditions, a leaching efficiency of 91% and a calcium conversion of 83% in the carbonation reaction were obtained. Other factors such as carbonation time, agitation rate, and carbonation reaction temperature had little effect on the yield. A preliminary cost analysis showed that the cost to capture 1 ton of CO2 with the proposed technique is about US$ 268.32, which is in the acceptable range of the capturing process. However, the cost of material used and electricity should be reviewed to reduce the preliminary production cost.

Carbon Capture Performance of Amino-Modified MIL-101 at Room Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 637-640
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Zheng Ping Wang ◽  
Ling Meng ◽  
Lian Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption ◽  
Before And After

MIL-101, a metal-organic framework material, was synthesized by the high-temperature hydrothermal method. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) modification enabled the effective grafting of an amino group onto the surface of the materials and their pore structure. The crystal structure, micromorphology, specific surface area, and pore structure of the samples before and after modification were analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, specific surface and aperture tester, and infrared spectrometer. The carbon dioxide adsorption properties of the samples were determined by a thermal analyzer before and after TETA modification. Results show that moderate amino modification can effectively improve the microporous structure of MIL-101 and its carbon dioxide adsorption properties. After modification, the capacity of MIL-101 to adsorb carbon dioxide decreased only by 0.61 wt%, and a high adsorption capacity of 9.45 wt% was maintained after six cycles of adsorption testing at room temperature and ambient pressure.

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Monoethanolamine (MEA)–Impregnated Kenaf Core Fiber by Pressure Swing Adsorption System (PSA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Zaini ◽  
Khairul Sozana Nor Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Pressure Swing

Emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) becomes a major concern in combating issues of global warming. The strategy to reduce the concentration of CO2 could be achieved by executing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology such as adsorption. This study presents the used of kenaf as a green source for CO2 adsorption material. The modification of MEA on kenaf is a novelty work to enhance the capacity of adsorbent since MEA has been proved to have potential in separating CO2 in industrial applications. In this work, 10 wt % of MEA has been impregnated on kenaf via wet impregnation method. The adsorption of CO2 study was conducted by passing CO2/N2 mixture in a ratio of 30:70 in a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system with a pressure up to 1.5 bar at ambient temperature. Result obtained via SEM analysis shows that the morphology of kenaf was affected after modification with MEA. However, the presence of MEA on kenaf has improved the CO2 adsorption capacity by 16 %. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium data for kenaf and MEA modified kenaf are well fitted in Freundlich isotherm model at low pressure and well fitted in Langmuir model at higher pressure. This study indicates that the introduction of MEA on kenaf could enhance the CO2 adsorption process.  

Effect of prolonged exposure of rats to high carbon dioxide concentrations

1978 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1149-1151
Author(s):  
P. M. Gramenitskii ◽  
V. A. Galichii ◽  
N. V. Petrova ◽  
N. Yu. Leont'eva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide
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