A taxonomic study of Stipa nelsonii (Poaceae) with a key distinguishing it from related taxa in western North America

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 2539-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Barkworth ◽  
J. McNeill ◽  
Jack Maze
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Character Weighting ◽  
Intermountain Region

Stipa nelsonii, more commonly but incorrectly known as S. Columbiana, is a wide ranging species of western North America, characterized by a short, pubescent palea and a hirtellous awn. Initial numerical analyses, using unweighted morphological data, suggested that three infraspecific taxa existed but with different methods of analysis there was a disturbing instability in the placement of certain operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including those based on the holotype of S. williamsii. Because replicate OTUs were incorporated in the sample, a character weighting, based on the relative constancy of character states within replicate pairs, was applied. The particular weighting function adopted utilized the added component of variance between groups, i.e., between the replicate pairs. Numerical analyses based on the weighted data proved to be stable with respect to all the OTUs. They suggested recognition of three infraspecific taxa. Keys to these taxa were devised and applied to about 400 additional specimens allowing the geographical and ecological distributions of the suggested taxa to be examined. The combined morphological and distributional studies suggest that S. nelsonii comprises two subspecies: subsp. nelsonii and subsp. dorei. Two varieties can be recognized in subsp. nelsonii: var. nelsonii centered in the intermountain region of the United States and var. longiaristata centered in eastern Washington. The range of subsp. dorei extends from southern Yukon to California and eastward to the Saskatchewan–Manitoba border. A key to the infraspecific taxa of S. nelsonii and to related taxa of western North America is included, as well as descriptions and distribution maps of the infraspecific taxa recognized in S. nelsonii.

Taxonomy of the Carex lenticularis complex in eastern North America

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Standley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Components Analysis

The Carex lenticularis complex is a morphologically, anatomically, and cytologically distinct subgroup within Carex sect. Phacocystis Dumort. This complex consists of two taxa in eastern North America, C. lenticularis Michx. var. lenticularis and C. nigra (L.) Reich. Although previous treatments have recognized five infraspecific taxa within C. lenticularis var. lenticularis and two within C. nigra, analyses of morphological data using histograms, clustering techniques, and principal components analysis indicate that both species are variable but monotypic in eastern North America. Distribution maps and illustrations of both taxa are provided. A new chromosome count for C. lenticularis var. lenticularis (2n = 86) is reported, and previous records for C. nigra (2n = 84) are confirmed. Although these species are sympatric over most of the range of C. nigra, no natural hybrids are known.

scholarly journals Redescription of Arundel formation Ornithomimosaur material and a reinterpretation of Nedcolbertia justinhofmanni as an “Ostrich Dinosaur”: Biogeographic implications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase Doran Brownstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The Past

The fossil record of dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America is scant, and only a few sediments to the east of the continent are fossiliferous. Among them is the Arundel Formation of the east coast of the United States, which has produced among the best dinosaur faunas known from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America. The diverse dinosaur fauna of this formation has been thoroughly discussed previously, but few of the dinosaur species originally described from the Arundel are still regarded as valid genera. Much of the Arundel material is in need of review and redescription. Among the fossils of dinosaurs from this formation are those referred to ornithomimosaurs. Here, I redescribe ornithomimosaur remains from the Arundel Formation which may warrant the naming of a new taxon of dinosaur. These remains provide key information on the theropods of the Early Cretaceous of Eastern North America. The description of the Arundel material herein along with recent discoveries of basal ornithomimosaurs in the past 15 years has allowed for comparisons with the coelurosaur Nedcolbertia justinhofmanni, suggesting the latter animal was a basal ornithomimosaurian dinosaur rather than a “generalized” coelurosaur. Comparisons between the Arundel ornithomimosaur and similar southeast Asian ornithomimosaurian material as well as ornithomimosaur remains from western North America suggest that a lineage of ornithomimosaurs with a metatarsal condition intermediate between that of basal and derived ornithomimosaurs was present through southeast Asia into North America, in turn suggesting that such animals coexisted with genera having a more primitive metatarsal morphology as seen in N. justinhofmanni.

Taxonomic revision of the Carex stricta (Cyperaceae) complex in eastern North America

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Standley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Carex Stricta ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

Morphological studies of the Carex stricta complex confirm hypotheses based on chromosome numbers that there are three distinct species in eastern North America, Carex stricta, C. emoryi, and C. haydenii, but they do not indicate the existence of any distinct infraspecific taxa. These species are compared phenetically with all other North American species of section Phacocystis. Results indicate that the three species examined here do not form a closely related subgroup within the section as suggested by previous authors. Distribution maps, descriptions, and synonomy are provided for these species, and a complete key to the species of section Phacocystis in eastern North America is given.

scholarly journals Stakeholder Perceptions on the Need for Updated Tree Species Distribution Maps

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Pete Bettinger ◽  
Krista Merry ◽  
Alba Rocio Gutierrez Garzon ◽  
Taeyoon Lee ◽  
Jacek Siry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Current Range ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Plant Hardiness ◽  
Insight Into

Tree species distributions presented as range maps are powerful tools for forest-based decision-making processes. In the United States, Silvics of North America is a well-known reference for over 200 tree species. However, the current range maps are likely outdated due to changes in land use, advancements in technology, shifts in plant hardiness zones due to climate change, and shifting societal values that influence the development of these resources. Therefore, a survey was distributed to two stakeholder groups, registered foresters in four states and members of several professional organizations, to gain insight into whether Silvics of North America range maps should be updated. Although the survey delivery method varied between the two survey sampling frames, the opinions on updating species range maps between the two stakeholder groups were similar. Both groups indicated that updating the current range maps would be valuable and would best be informed by remote sensing, national field inventories, and expert insight, and by adding color and perhaps importance classes.

scholarly journals Xerocomellus (Boletaceae) in western North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-288
Author(s):  
J.L. Frank ◽  
N. Siegel ◽  
C.F. Schwarz ◽  
B. Araki ◽  
E.C. Vellinga
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Three New Species

Understanding diversity in the genus Xerocomellus in western North America has been obscured by morphological variability, widespread use of species epithets typified by specimens from Europe and eastern North America, misunderstood phylogenetic relationships, and species complexes. We collected extensively and used genetic and morphological data to establish the occurrence of ten Xerocomellus species in western North America. We generated ITS sequences from five type collections and from vouchered representative collections to clarify our understanding of existing species concepts. We describe three new species (Xerocomellus atropurpureus, X. diffractus, and X. salicicola) and propose two new combinations (X. amylosporus and X. mendocinensis), transfer Boletus coccyginus to Hortiboletus, and provide a dichotomous key to species of Xerocomellus in western North America.

Late Triassic dasycladacean alga from northeastern Oregon: significance of first reported occurrence in western North America

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Flügel ◽  
Baba Senowbari-Daryan ◽  
George D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Wallowa Terrane ◽  
Fossil Alga

An Upper Triassic metaspondyle dasycladacean alga,Diplopora oregonensisn. sp., is described from the Hurwal Formation, southern Wallowa Mountains, northeastern Oregon. It occurs in the accreted Wallowa terrane, which is interpreted as far-travelled relative to the craton of North America. The fossil alga is found in limestone clasts within a limestone–chert–volcanic clast conglomerate of the Hurwal Formation. The new species is related toDiploplora borzaiBystricky, known from the Upper Triassic of the Carpathian Mountains and Sicily, but is distinguished by very small branches and a distinct segmentation of the thalli.Diplopora oregonensisis the first Triassic dasycladacean alga known from the United States, and perhaps from all of North America. The absence of calcareous green algae from rocks of cratonal North America, as well as from most Triassic displaced terranes of the eastern and western Pacific, is in stark contrast to counterparts in the former Tethys region of central Europe, where dasycladacean algae were abundant and contributed significantly to the sediment. This paucity of algae may be related to differences in environment, but more likely is linked to the paleogeographic situation and dispersal abilities of the algae. The similarity of the Oregon dasyclads to species in western Europe, coupled with the lack of dasyclad algae in any other part of North America, is evidence in support of a far-travelled nature for the Wallowa terrane.

REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OFATHOUS(COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
European Species ◽  
Distribution Maps

AbstractThe Nearctic species of the elaterid genusAthouseast of the Rocky Mountains are revised. Of the 16 included species, two are described as new (neacanthusknown from southern Quebec to northern Georgia andorvusknown from Nova Scotia to Michigan to Virginia) and two species are transferred fromDenticollis, namely,productus(Randall) andquadrosaBecker (as a new junior synonym ofA.appalachiusVan Dyke). Other new synonymies are:carolinusVan Dyke as a junior synonym ofacanthus(Say),erebusVan Dyke ofposticus(Melsheimer), andbipunctatusProvancher ofproductus(Randall). The European speciescampyloidesis known from North America from near Quebec City and in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Neotypes are designated for the five species described by Say and Randall and for one described by Melsheimer; lectotypes, when needed, are designated for LeConte’s, Melsheimer’s, and Candèze’s species. A key to the species is presented and the salient features and distribution maps for each species are included. Brief notes are given on three western species ofAthous: two common species (rufiventris(Eschscholtz) andnigropilisMotschulsky) that are occasionally found east of the Rockies andorophilusHarold, which is known only by the type from the Bitter Root Mountains. Brief discussions are included of two European species,vittatus(Fabricius) andsubfuscus(Müller), which have been intercepted at various eastern ports in Canada and the United States, but which have not become established in North America.

Revision, distribution, and extinction of the Middle and early Late Devonian archaeogastropod genera Floyda and Turbonopsis

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Day
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Rhenish Slate Mountains ◽  
Oceanic Currents ◽  
Early Late

Large palaeotrochid gastropods of the genera Floyda Webster (1905a) and Turbonopsis Grabau and Shimer (1909) occur in the late Frasnian Lime Creek Formation of Iowa. Floyda concentrica was designated as the type species of Floyda by earlier workers (Webster, 1905a; Knight, 1941), but is a junior synonym of F. gigantea (Hall and Whitfield, 1873). Three of five species and subspecies of Floyda described from the Lime Creek (Floyda concentrica, F. concentrica multisinuata, and F. gigantea depressa) are considered synonyms of the type species F. gigantea; the fifth species, F. gigantea hackberryensis, is here reassigned to the closely related genus Turbonopsis. Both F. gigantea and T. hackberryensis are redescribed using the original types and additional hypotype material from the collections of Charles Belanski.Floyda, first known from late Givetian rocks of the Rhenish Slate Mountains in Germany, is widespread in the United States Midcontinent and western North America by early Late Devonian time. Turbonopsis was endemic to the Appohimchi Subregion of the Eastern Americas Realm prior to the Taghanic Onlap, and appears to have remained so until late Frasnian time when it migrated to western North America.Eustatic sea-level highstands during the Middle and Late Devonian are thought to have breached barriers to migration, allowing both Floyda and Turbonopsis to disperse by prevailing oceanic currents from the United States Midcontinent into western North America during the late Frasnian. The expected oceanic current patterns of the Middle and Late Devonian paleogeographic reconstructions of Heckel and Witzke (1979, figs. 3, 5) adequately account for the known distribution and dispersal of Devonian palaeotrochid gastropods.The Palaeotrochidae underwent extinction prior to the latest Frasnian. Floyda, Turbonopsis, and Westerna became extinct during the onset of the last eustatic deepening event prior to the close of the Frasnian. The extinction of the palaeotrochid gastropods as well as other invertebrate groups may have been the result of restriction or near elimination of shallow warm-water, well-oxygenated shelf habitats by the onlap of cold anoxic bottom waters prior to latest Frasnian time.

Circumscription of species of Hodophilus (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) in North America with naphthalene odours

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 941-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavomír Adamčík ◽  
Brian P. Looney ◽  
Joshua M. Birkebak ◽  
Soňa Jančovičová ◽  
Katarína Adamčíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Previously Treated

Five North American Hodophilus species with naphthalene-like odours are now recognized based on sequence and (or) morphological data and molecular annotation of type collections. Two well-supported eastern North American species do not match any of the studied types and are described here as new: Hodophilus hesleri and Hodophilus smithii. The previously described Hodophilus paupertinus is found to represent an autonomous species and appears restricted to western North America. Hodophilus subfuscescens is found to be an independent lineage in eastern North America. A morphological type study of Hodophilus peckianus shows that it is a distinct species and not represented among recent collections. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of European and North American material of species with naphthalene odours reveal no species with transatlantic distributions. Overall, Hodophilus comprises two superclades (the Hodophilus foetens superclade and the Hodophilus micaceus superclade) and 16 terminal clades that correspond to phylogenetic species. This study introduces a new approach for morphological delimitation of agaricoid Clavariaceae combining shape and dimensions of particular elements in the pileipellis and caulocystidia. All previously described taxa included in this study, which were previously treated in the genera Hygrophorus, Camarophyllopsis, or Hygrotrama, are formally transferred to Hodophilus.

Ecology of plant dioecy in the intermountain region of Western North America and California

Oecologia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carl Freeman ◽  
K. T. Harper ◽  
W. Kent Ostler
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Intermountain Region
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