Pure culture synthesis and host specificity of red alder mycorrhizae

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1223-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Pure Culture Synthesis

Cultures of 28 ectomycorrhizal fungi were tested in pure culture syntheses for mycorrhiza formation with red alder. Only 4 of the 28 fungi tested formed characteristic ectomycorrhizae: Alpova diplophloeus, Paxillus involutus, Aslraeus pteridis, and Scleroderma hypogaeum. These mycorrhizae are briefly described, and the specialization of alder mycorrhizae is discussed.

Effects of environmental stress factors on ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Willenborg ◽  
Doris Schmitz ◽  
Jan Lelley
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
Pure Culture Synthesis

The reaction of various ectomycorrhizal fungi to environmental stress factors was examinated in a screening program. Tolerance to acid and heavy metals, resistance to antagonists, and reactions to automobile exhaust fumes were tested. Differences in reaction between the several ectomycorrhizal species and strains were observed. These results confirm that the susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal fungi to environmental stress factors varies from species to species, but also from strain to strain within a species. Pure culture synthesis with Picea abies showed the symbiotic potential of the selected fungi. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, Picea abies.

scholarly journals Cadmium-Responsive Thiols in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Paxillus involutus

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7413-7417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Courbot ◽  
Laurent Diez ◽  
Roberta Ruotolo ◽  
Michel Chalot ◽  
Pierre Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

ABSTRACT Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the sustained metal tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi are largely unknown. Some of the main mechanisms involved in metal detoxification appear to involve the chelation of metal ions in the cytosol with thiol-containing compounds, such as glutathione, phytochelatins, or metallothioneins. We used an improved high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous measurement of thiol-containing compounds from cysteine and its derivatives (γ-glutamylcysteine, glutathione) to higher-molecular-mass compounds (phytochelatins). We found that glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine contents increased when the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus was exposed to cadmium. An additional compound with a 3-kDa molecular mass, most probably related to a metallothionein, increased drastically in mycelia exposed to cadmium. The relative lack of phytochelatins and the presence of a putative metallothionein suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungi may use a different means to tolerate heavy metals, such as Cd, than do their plant hosts.

scholarly journals Species richness and nitrogen supply regulate the productivity and respiration of ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wilkinson ◽  
Martin Solan ◽  
Ian Alexander ◽  
David Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Supply

Unlocking environmental keys to host specificity: differential tolerance of acidity and nitrate by Alnus-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Huggins ◽  
Jennifer Talbot ◽  
Monique Gardes ◽  
Peter G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Pure culture synthesis of ectomycorrhizae by Thelephora terrestris and Pisolithus tinctorius on different conifer hosts

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
W. Craig Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Pure Culture Synthesis

In a special plant-growth room, isolates of Thelephora terrestris produced basidiocarps and formed typical ectomycorrhizae with seedlings of bristlecone, jack, sand, lodgepole, shortleaf, slash, sugar, Austrian, longleaf, cluster, ponderosa, red, pitch, eastern white, Scots, loblolly, and Virginia pines and Douglas fir. Atypical mycorrhizae (lacking mantle) were formed on seedlings of Norway spruce and jack, Japanese red, and Himalayan pines. The formation of atypical mycorrhizae was considered a result of differences in the symbiotic–parasitic nature of the fungal symbionts on different hosts. Pisolithus tinctorius formed typical mycorrhizae with seedlings of jack, sand, Japanese red, shortleaf, slash, Austrian, longleaf, cluster, red, pitch, eastern white, Scots, loblolly, and Virginia pines. Reisolation of specific fungal symbionts from mycorrhizae of several pine hosts was successful.Mycorrhizae formed by T. terrestris were macroscopically and microscopically different from those of P. tinctorius, but mycorrhizae formed by different isolates of T. terrestris were indistinguishable from each other, regardless of host. These results suggest that the fungal symbiont determines color and morphology of ectomycorrhizae.

scholarly journals First Report of Phomopsis vexans on Apricot in the Americas

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-596
Author(s):  
G. Dal Bello ◽  
M. Sisterna
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Phomopsis Vexans

Prunus armeniaca L. plants with blight symptoms on leaves and twigs were observed near La Plata (Argentina) in 1999. On leaves, symptoms ranged from small (up to 4 mm diameter) and dispersed brown circular spots to irregular blighted areas with numerous pycnidia. Twig blight developed initially on buds as necrosis that expanded and caused shoots to wilt. A Phomopsis sp. was isolated from necrotic tissues. Pathogenicity was assessed by inoculating healthy mature leaves with a spore suspension (1 × 106 conidia per ml). Detached sterile twigs were placed in Roux tubes with water (1) and were infected by needle-stab inoculation. Controls were treated with sterile water. Inoculated leaves and controls were left in bags for 48 h. After 5 to 14 days, symptoms were similar to those described for field samples. The Phomopsis sp. was reisolated from necrotic lesions and characterized as identical to the original isolates. On potato dextrose agar, the fungus had white floccose mycelium and produced numerous black, globose to irregular pycnidia (up to 300 µm). Alpha-conidia were one-celled, hyaline, and ellipsoidal (4.5 to 10.3 µm long × 1.8 to 2.1 µm wide); beta-conidia were one-celled, hyaline, filiform, and straight or curved (16.8 to 27.5 µm long × 1.0 µm wide). A pure culture was identified as Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & Syd.) Harter based on morphology and host specificity. This is the second report of P. vexans on apricot since the disease was cited in Algeria (2). References: (1) T. A. Gally. Fitopatologia 10:87, 1975. (2) D. V. Narendra et al. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 27:132, 1979.

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