Glomus epigaeus sp.nov., a useful fungus for vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal research

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Daniels ◽  
James M. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Simple Technique ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Transmitted Light ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Pot Culture ◽  
Glass Chips

A new endomycorrhizal species, Glomus epigaeus, produces abundant chlamydospores in sporocarps on the soil surface. This species has been maintained for more than 1 year in pot culture on various hosts and produces 8–15 sporocarps monthly from each pot. A simple technique of shaking sporocarps in water with broken glass chips is described for the separation of spores from sporocarps.The epigeous habit, narrow, thin-walled, inserted hyphal attachment, and bright yellow to yellow–brown wall color in transmitted light separate G. epigaeus from Glomus macrocarpus, which normally does not fruit epigeously and has a much broader, thick-walled, noninserted hyphal attachment and brown wall color in transmitted light.

scholarly journals Prairie Remnant Soil as a Source of Mycorrhizal Inoculum

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky D. Kemery ◽  
Michael N. Dana
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Soil Mix ◽  
Prairie Plant ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
Pot Culture ◽  
Better Than

Soil from four native prairie remnant sites was used as inoculum in pot culture to achieve vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection of Sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf]. The prairie sites varied in their management histories and degradation levels. Sudangrass plants that became infected with VAM grew better than those grown in standard pasteurized greenhouse mix or those grown in a pasteurized greenhouse–prairie soil mix. Soil from prairie remnants may serve as a beginning source of inoculum that can be increased via Sudangrass pot culture for inoculation of prairie plant seedlings in nursery production.

Orchidaceous rhizoctonias in pot cultures of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Sebacina Vermifera ◽  
Pot Culture

The paper reports that previously undescribed, sterile, septate fungi (Rhizoctonia) with affinity to and attributes of orchid mycorrhizal fungi, commonly occur in pot cultures of vesicular–arbuscular (V–A) mycorrhizal fungi. Seventeen pot cultures of V–A endophytes from several sources were studied. The endophytes included unidentified organisms as well as species of Glomus, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora. A Rhizoctonia was present in every pot culture. In different cases, Rhizoctonia isolates were obtained from sporelike cells in intramatrical vesicles, extramatrical hyphae, and chlamydospores or roots of pot culture plants. In pure culture, the rhizoctonias formed pale or yellow–brown, submerged colonies composed of narrow, irregularly septate hyphae. Monilioid hyphae and terminal or intercalary, spherical chlamydospores about 12 μm in diameter developed in older mycelia. Fruiting experiments by J. H. Warcup indicated that the teleomorph of three Rhizoctonia isolates is related to Sebacina vermifera Oberwinkler, a mycorrhizal endophyte of certain Australian terrestrial orchids. Positive tests for symbiotic germination of orchid seed with one isolate are described. Pasture legumes and ryegrass plants were inoculated with mycelia of Rhizoctonia strains in the presence or absence of V–A mycorrhizal fungi. Inoculation affected plant growth only when V–A mycorrhizal fungi were present: in steamed soil containing residual inoculum of a V–A endophyte, the growth response following infection by the V–A endophyte occurred in inoculated plants several weeks earlier than in uninoculated plants; in different natural soils, inoculation increased, decreased, or had no effect on growth, depending on the strain of Rhizoctonia used.

Association of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with the moss Funaria hygrometrica

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (17) ◽  
pp. 1898-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Parke ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Funaria Hygrometrica ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Hyphal Coils ◽  
Companion Plants

Reports on the mycorrhizal status of mosses have been scanty and inconclusive. We observed hyphae and vesicles resembling structures of vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi within the moss Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. growing on the soil surface of asparagus – Glomus epigaeus pot cultures. Controlled-environment experiments to determine whether moss is a potential host for VA fungi were conducted by inoculating moss cultures, asparagus plants, or combinations of moss and asparagus plants with chlamydospores of G. epigaeus. Examination of cleared and stained asparagus roots and moss plants 10 weeks after addition of G. epigaeus spores revealed typical arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphal coils in roots of asparagus grown alone or in combination with moss; hyphae, vesicles, and spores were seen in moss plants, but only in those grown with asparagus "companion" plants. Glomus epigaeus colonization was widespread in moss stem and leaf tissue, and spore production was most prolific in senescent tissues. Similar endophytic structures and abundant sporulation occurred in the moss layer of G. mosseae and G. fasciculalus moss-companion plant pot cultures. Although the Funaria–VA fungus association is apparently not a mutualistic one, the system may have ecological significance as well as potential for production of VA inoculum.

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

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