Histological relationship of Phytobia setosa to Acer saccharum

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gregory ◽  
William Wallner
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Variation ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Relationship Of

The maple cambium miner, Phytobia setosa (Loew), attacks Acer spp., producing ray flecks which result in degrade in face veneer and furniture wood. Samples from infested sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marsh, trees demonstrated that while mines passed close to the vascular cambium the initial cells were not affected. Thus, although it is called a cambium miner it does not mine the cambium. Mines filled with parenchyma cells which proliferated from severed vascular rays. These cells, when mature, stored starch. In heavily infested trees the starch storage area in the xylem may thus be measurably increased. The zone of newly differentiating xylem provides the insect with the path of least resistance; variation in the condition of secondary xylem may account for the variability in host susceptibility.

STUDIES ON HEARTWOOD FORMATION AND STAINING IN SUGAR MAPLE, ACER SACCHARUM MARSH.

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Good ◽  
P. M. Murray ◽  
H. M. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Heartwood Formation ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Parenchyma cells of maple wood may live for more than a century though a considerable proportion die earlier. A few cells succumb each year making "heartwood" formation gradual. Post mortem deposits, primarily in the parenchyma cells, account for the deepened color of older maple wood. The pH, water content, and mineral content of the wood do not change appreciably with aging. Maple wood often becomes deeply stained. The stain is due to deposits in the parenchyma cells which, if killed before senescence sets in, produce a post mortem deposit which is darker and larger than that produced by cells dying of old age. Stained wood is distinctly alkaline and contains substantial amounts of minerals which accumulate in the stained region. These regions also have a higher moisture content than normal wood. The consistency with which stain is produced in advance of spreading decay fungi suggests that staining and the related chemical changes exert a considerable influence on decay in sugar maple.

Anatomical modification by 2,4-DB of vascular cambium and secondary xylem in soybean internodes

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2142-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thompson Demetrio Pizzolato
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Ray Initials

Anatomical changes in the vascular cambium and secondary xylem of the first internode of soybeans were observed 15 days after an aqueous spray of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB) was applied at 0.56 kg acid equivalent per hectare. The cambium became a meristem of initials, which were intermediate in morphology between normal ray and fusiform initials, and the system of ray initials was lost. The xylem lost its rays and became a tissue in which narrow vessel members abnormally outnumbered the axial parenchyma cells, libriform fibers, and gelatinous fibers which were common in normal wood. The herbicide inhibited the normal expansion of vessel-member primordia.

Initiation of adventitious root primordia in very young Pinusbanksiana seedling cuttings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Montain ◽  
Bruce E. Haissig ◽  
John D. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Resin Canals

The present work describes the anatomy of adventitious root initiation in 20-day-old Pinusbanksiana Lamb, seedling cuttings propagated under intermittent mist. Shortly after cuttings were made, basal necrosis occurred in all tissues (epidermis, periderm, cortex, primary and secondary phloem, and vascular cambium) that surrounded the central xylem cylinder. Thereafter, a relatively small "callus complex" composed of parenchyma cells, a few secondary xylem tracheids, and incompletely differentiated callus vascular cambium and periderm developed at the base of cuttings. One or sometimes two root primordia initiated in the transition zone between the lowermost cortical cells of the hypocotyl and the uppermost callus parenchyma cells. Primordia invariably arose just outside one of the four axial resin canals in the hypocotyl. Results suggested that adventitious root primordia may be initiated in P. banksiana cuttings only in association with differentiated or differentiating resin canals.

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

High light intensity stress as the limiting factor in micropropagation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal S. Singh ◽  
A. Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intensity Stress

American beech and sugar maple sapling relative abundance and growth are not modified by light availability following partial and total canopy disturbances

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Bannon ◽  
Sylvain Delagrange ◽  
Nicolas Bélanger ◽  
Christian Messier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Canopy Opening ◽  
Unmanaged Forest

Studies have reported divergent results on the effect of soil fertility and canopy opening on understory density and growth of sugar maple (AS; Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (FG; Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a gradient of canopy opening and soil fertility on the density and growth of AS and FG saplings in southwestern Quebec, Canada. We investigated 56 stands containing both AS and FG that were subjected to different disturbance history types (DHTs) (UF, unmanaged forest; PC, partial cut; and CC, clearcut) on various soil types. AS and FG absolute and relative sapling density varied greatly among the 56 stands; however, no significant effects of DHT, soil nutrient availability, or their interaction were found. Both species responded positively in terms of radial growth to canopy openings, with FG growth being slightly better than AS growth in PC stands compared with other canopy treatments. Contrary to our hypothesis, AS did not show significantly higher growth than FG following clear-cutting. These results do not support the idea that AS abundance and growth could be promoted by increasing the intensity of the canopy opening during harvest, at least on the generally acidic and base-poor soils that were investigated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document