STUDIES ON HEARTWOOD FORMATION AND STAINING IN SUGAR MAPLE, ACER SACCHARUM MARSH.

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Good ◽  
P. M. Murray ◽  
H. M. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Heartwood Formation ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Parenchyma cells of maple wood may live for more than a century though a considerable proportion die earlier. A few cells succumb each year making "heartwood" formation gradual. Post mortem deposits, primarily in the parenchyma cells, account for the deepened color of older maple wood. The pH, water content, and mineral content of the wood do not change appreciably with aging. Maple wood often becomes deeply stained. The stain is due to deposits in the parenchyma cells which, if killed before senescence sets in, produce a post mortem deposit which is darker and larger than that produced by cells dying of old age. Stained wood is distinctly alkaline and contains substantial amounts of minerals which accumulate in the stained region. These regions also have a higher moisture content than normal wood. The consistency with which stain is produced in advance of spreading decay fungi suggests that staining and the related chemical changes exert a considerable influence on decay in sugar maple.

Effects of heartwood formation on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) discoloured wood proportion

Trees ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad Kumar Baral ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Robert Schneider ◽  
David Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Heartwood Formation

Histological relationship of Phytobia setosa to Acer saccharum

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gregory ◽  
William Wallner
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Variation ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Relationship Of

The maple cambium miner, Phytobia setosa (Loew), attacks Acer spp., producing ray flecks which result in degrade in face veneer and furniture wood. Samples from infested sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marsh, trees demonstrated that while mines passed close to the vascular cambium the initial cells were not affected. Thus, although it is called a cambium miner it does not mine the cambium. Mines filled with parenchyma cells which proliferated from severed vascular rays. These cells, when mature, stored starch. In heavily infested trees the starch storage area in the xylem may thus be measurably increased. The zone of newly differentiating xylem provides the insect with the path of least resistance; variation in the condition of secondary xylem may account for the variability in host susceptibility.

STUDIES IN FOREST PATHOLOGY: XIII. DECAY IN SUGAR MAPLE IN THE OTTAWA–HURON AND ALGOMA EXTENSION FOREST REGION OF ONTARIO

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidar J. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Forest Pathology ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Decay Fungus ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Forest Region

Decay results in appreciable losses in sound wood volume in sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) timber in the Ottawa–Huron and Algoma Extension Forest region of Ontario. Seventy-four per cent of 606 sample trees had some measure of decay. Twenty-eight fungi were found to be associated with decay in living trees. The most important of these are Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quél., Polyporus glomeratus Peck, Ustulina vulgaris Tub, Fomes connatus (Weinm.) Gill., Hydnum septentrionale Fr., Corticium vellereum Ell. & Crag., Pholiota spectabilis Fr., and Fomes igniarius (L. ex. Fr.) Gill. Several species previously unreported in the literature were found to be associated with decay in sugar maple in Ontario. Armillaria mellea is the most serious butt-decay fungus and P. glomeratus is the most important trunk-rotting species. Frost cracks are the most important courts of entry for decay fungi. Various discolorations occur in sugar maple. The average extent of decay in living trees is estimated according to the occurrence of sporophores of F. connatus, F. igniarius, H. septentrionale, and U. vulgaris. The incidence and volume of decay increased progressively with age and diameter. One hundred and nine species of Basidiomycetes are tabulated as occurring on living and dead sugar maple in Ontario.

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

High light intensity stress as the limiting factor in micropropagation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal S. Singh ◽  
A. Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intensity Stress

American beech and sugar maple sapling relative abundance and growth are not modified by light availability following partial and total canopy disturbances

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Bannon ◽  
Sylvain Delagrange ◽  
Nicolas Bélanger ◽  
Christian Messier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Canopy Opening ◽  
Unmanaged Forest

Studies have reported divergent results on the effect of soil fertility and canopy opening on understory density and growth of sugar maple (AS; Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (FG; Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a gradient of canopy opening and soil fertility on the density and growth of AS and FG saplings in southwestern Quebec, Canada. We investigated 56 stands containing both AS and FG that were subjected to different disturbance history types (DHTs) (UF, unmanaged forest; PC, partial cut; and CC, clearcut) on various soil types. AS and FG absolute and relative sapling density varied greatly among the 56 stands; however, no significant effects of DHT, soil nutrient availability, or their interaction were found. Both species responded positively in terms of radial growth to canopy openings, with FG growth being slightly better than AS growth in PC stands compared with other canopy treatments. Contrary to our hypothesis, AS did not show significantly higher growth than FG following clear-cutting. These results do not support the idea that AS abundance and growth could be promoted by increasing the intensity of the canopy opening during harvest, at least on the generally acidic and base-poor soils that were investigated.

scholarly journals Three sympatrically occurring species of Metarhizium show plant rhizosphere specificity

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (10) ◽  
pp. 2904-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wyrebek ◽  
Cristina Huber ◽  
Ramanpreet Kaur Sasan ◽  
Michael J. Bidochka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Grass Roots

Here we tested the hypothesis that species of the soil-inhabiting insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium are not randomly distributed in soils but show plant-rhizosphere-specific associations. We isolated Metarhizium from plant roots at two sites in Ontario, Canada, sequenced the 5′ EF-1α gene to discern Metarhizium species, and developed an RFLP test for rapid species identification. Results indicated a non-random association of three Metarhizium species (Metarhizium robertsii, Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium guizhouense) with the rhizosphere of certain types of plant species (identified to species and categorized as grasses, wildflowers, shrubs and trees). M. robertsii was the only species that was found associated with grass roots, suggesting a possible exclusion of M. brunneum and M. guizhouense. Supporting this, in vitro experiments showed that M. robertsii conidia germinated significantly better in Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) root exudate than did M. brunneum or M. guizhouense. M. guizhouense and M. brunneum only associated with wildflower rhizosphere when co-occurring with M. robertsii. With the exception of these co-occurrences, M. guizhouense was found to associate exclusively with the rhizosphere of tree species, predominantly Acer saccharum (sugar maple), while M. brunneum was found to associate exclusively with the rhizosphere of shrubs and trees. These associations demonstrate that different species of Metarhizium associate with specific plant types.

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