Seasonal changes in mesophyll ultrastructure of needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 1932-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirkka Soikkeli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Mesophyll Ultrastructure

Seasonal changes in the ultrastructure of the mesophyll of needles of Norway spruce are described. During the growing season, the tannin is in the form of a ribbon along the margin of the vacuole or in the form of small, more or less scattered particles. The cytoplasm is dark and its organelles are along the cell wall; only the chloroplasts with large starch grains and the nucleus can be clearly resolved. During and after September, the cytoplasm is very netlike, all of the cytoplasmic organelles clump together, the amount of lipid droplets increases, and ribosomes are clearly visible. The tannin is in the form of rather large granules and it increases over its growing-season amount. The shape of chloroplasts changes. Chloroplasts lose their starch and the stroma becomes sparsely granular and rich in ribosomes. This structure is maintained throughout the winter. During spring activation, the cell structure is reorganized and reassumes the condition typical of the growing season. At this time, the needles have some collapsed cells and cells in which some chloroplasts are not quite intact. The injuries were probably caused by weather conditions (a warm period in March followed by a frost).

Developmental and seasonal patterns of mesophyll ultrastructure in Abies balsamea

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Fincher Chabot ◽  
Brian F. Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Structure ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Mesophyll Ultrastructure ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids

Changes in mesophyll ultrastructure with development and season are described for Abies balsamea. Cells mature sequentially during expansion of the needles. Most cells appear to be fully mature and actively photosynthesizing at the time of budbreak. Tannins appear early and accumulate throughout the growing season. Winter dormancy is marked by an accumulation of lipids throughout the cell, an aggregation of organelles around the nucleus, some loss of chloroplast structure, and a failure of chloroplasts to form starch grains. Reorganization of cell structure and resumption of synthetic activity in the spring occurs about 2 months before budbreak.

scholarly journals Astringency in ʻGiomboʼ persimmon and its relationship with the harvest time

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-652
Author(s):  
Magda Andréia Tessmer ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória ◽  
Ricardo Alfredo Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cell Wall

ABSTRACT ʻGiomboʼ is one of most cultivated persimmon cultivars in Brazil. It is a late-harvest cultivar and requires treatment for astringency removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ethanol and the effect of harvest time on reducing astringency, physicochemical and anatomical characteristics of 'Giombo' persimmon. Two experiments were carried out, one in each growing season, with five treatments corresponding to exposure to 1.70 mL kg-1ethanol for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. At the end of the growing season (2011) the fruits achieved the astringency index and levels of soluble tannins suitable for consumption in 24 hours, and at the beginning of the growing season (2012) in 36 hours, indicating that the efficiency of the treatment is related to harvest time and ethanol exposure time. Astringency removal with ethanol affects the cell structure with accumulation of substances inside the cells and in intercellular spaces, resulting in the degradation of the parenchyma cell wall. To avoid such damage and maintain fruit quality, it is recommended the combination of low ethanol doses with less ethanol exposure time.

Effects of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Resin on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane ofStaphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Sipponen ◽  
Rainer Peltola ◽  
Janne J. Jokinen ◽  
Kirsi Laitinen ◽  
Jouni Lohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Ofstaphylococcus Aureus

Cell wall-bound phenolics from norway spruce (picea abies) needles

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Strack ◽  
Jürgen Heilemann ◽  
Eva-Susan Klinkott ◽  
Victor Wray
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Bound Phenolics

Insoluble phenolics have been isolated and identified from Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] KARST.) needles as cell wall-bound astragalin (kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside) and p-coumaric acid as major components, and ferulic acid as a minor one. They probably mainly occur as lignincarbohydrate complexes

scholarly journals Genetic control of tracheid properties in Norway spruce wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baison ◽  
Linghua Zhou ◽  
Nils Forsberg ◽  
Tommy Mörling ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Selection Probability

Abstract Through the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mapping it is possible to establish the genetic basis of phenotypic trait variation. Our GWAS study presents the first such effort in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L). Karst.) for the traits related to wood tracheid characteristics. The study employed an exome capture genotyping approach that generated 178 101 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from 40 018 probes within a population of 517 Norway spruce mother trees. We applied a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) based association mapping method using a functional multi-locus mapping approach, with a stability selection probability method as the hypothesis testing approach to determine significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). The analysis has provided 30 significant associations, the majority of which show specific expression in wood-forming tissues or high ubiquitous expression, potentially controlling tracheids dimensions, their cell wall thickness and microfibril angle. Among the most promising candidates based on our results and prior information for other species are: Picea abies BIG GRAIN 2 (PabBG2) with a predicted function in auxin transport and sensitivity, and MA_373300g0010 encoding a protein similar to wall-associated receptor kinases, which were both associated with cell wall thickness. The results demonstrate feasibility of GWAS to identify novel candidate genes controlling industrially-relevant tracheid traits in Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on phloemogenesis in Norway spruce: influence of age and selected environmental factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vichrová ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
V. Gryc ◽  
L. Menšík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Old Trees

The process of phloem formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was analysed during the growing season 2009 in Rájec-Němčice locality (Czech Republic). The research series consisted of research plots with 34 and 105 years old spruce monocultures. The formation of phloem cells was determined by the examination of small increment cores taken once a week. Cross-sections of tissues were studied under a light microscope. Cambium activation was observed on 9 April both in young and old trees. On the same date the first newly formed cells of early phloem were observed in old trees but in young trees one week later. Although the time of early phloem formation was 14 days longer in old trees, there were no large differences in the numbers of formed cells. The beginning of the longitudinal axial parenchyma formation was determined in young trees on May 14. In old trees this activity was seen a week later. The influence of air temperature and soil moisture was also analysed in relation to phloemogenesis.

scholarly journals Decline of Norway spruce in the Krkonoše Mts.

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mauer ◽  
E. Palátová
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
National Park ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Humus Horizons

The paper summarizes results from the analyses of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands managed by the Forest Administration in Horní Maršov, Krkonoše National Park (KRNAP), which are affected by decline and by yellowing of the assimilatory apparatus. Forest stands included in the analyses were aged 10–80 years and originated from both artificial and natural regeneration. Analyses of root systems were combined with analyses of soil chemical properties and assimilatory organs, weather conditions and emissions. The analyses showed that affected trees had small and malformed anchoring root systems with a lower number of horizontal roots and a lower number of fine roots of lower vitality (high proportion of dead fine roots), which penetrated only through the uppermost humus horizons. Root systems of affected trees are infested by the honey fungus (Armillaria sp.), which colonizes anchor roots. Neither root nor bole rots were detected so far.

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