Morphogenesis of protoplasts of Entomophthora egressa in simplified culture media

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (24) ◽  
pp. 3046-3053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Dunphy ◽  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Protoplast Regeneration ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Insect Tissue Culture ◽  
Hyphal Bodies ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mycelial Development

Protoplasts of Entomophthora egressa MacLeod and Tyrrell were grown in Grace's medium and in two simplified liquid media. These latter media contained reduced numbers of amino acids as compared with Grace's insect tissue culture medium. The pattern of protoplast regeneration was the same in all three media used, but additional stages in the morphogenetic sequence werefound. A spherical mesoprotoplast and an elliptical mesoprotoplast stage with actively moving filopodia were detected early in the growth cycle. The clumping of rod-shaped and spherical hyphal bodies was observed. Mycelial development was very pronounced by 89 h of incubation. The osmolarity and pH of the media were unchanged before this time. The individual hyphae were predominantly initiated by spherical hyphal bodies.All stages of regeneration produced spindle-shaped protoplasts when added to fresh media. The inoculation of spent media with spindle-shaped protoplasts favoured an accelerated morpho-genesis of the cells through the presently reported stages.

Biochemical markers for pregnancy in the spent culture medium of in vitro produced bovine embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Marcella Pecora Milazzotto ◽  
Andrei Antonioni Guedes Fidelis ◽  
Taynan Stonoga Kawamoto ◽  
Ligiane de Oliveira Leme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
The Media

Abstract The present study aimed to identify biomarkers to assess the quality of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos in the culture media. IVP embryos on Day (D) 5 of development were transferred to individual drops, where they were maintained for the last 48 h of culture. Thereafter, the medium was collected and the embryos were transferred to the recipients. After pregnancy diagnosis, the media were grouped into the pregnant and nonpregnant groups. The metabolic profiles of the media were analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the concentrations of pyruvate, lactate, and glutamate were assessed using fluorimetry. The spectrometric profile revealed that the media from embryos from the pregnant group presented a higher signal intensity compared to that of the nonpregnant group; the ions 156.13 Da [M + H]+, 444.33 Da [M + H]+, and 305.97 Da [M + H]+ were identified as biomarkers. Spent culture medium from expanded blastocysts (Bx) that established pregnancy had a greater concentration of pyruvate (p = 0.0174) and lesser concentration of lactate (p = 0.042) than spent culture medium from Bx that did not establish pregnancy. Moreover, pyruvate in the culture media of Bx can predict pregnancy with 90.9% sensitivity and 75% specificity. In conclusion, we identified markers in the culture media that helped in assessing the most viable IVP embryos with a greater potential to establish pregnancy.

scholarly journals Sorption of Zinc by exopolysaccharides produced by liquid media of phytopatogenic fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2312-2317
Author(s):  
JUAN DIEGO VALENZUELA-COBOS ◽  
ANA GRIJALVA-ENDARA
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Biomass ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium

Phytopathogenic fungi such as: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer were cultivated in three different liquid culture media: LCC (glucose 40 g L-1 , yeast extract 3 g L-1 ), LC2 (glucose 40 g L-1 , yeast extract 3 g L-1 and tryptone peptone 2 g L-1 ) and LC3 (glucose 40 g L-1 , yeast extract 3 g L-1 and tryptone peptone 10 g L-1 ) under pH of 5.5 for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides (EPS). The liquid culture medium (LC3) used in cultivation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed the highest production of biomass (15.40 g L-1 ) and exopolysaccharides (3.40 g L-1 ). Exopolysaccharides (EPS) obtained from the liquid culture medium (LC3) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides presented the highest absorption content of Zinc (56 mg g-1 ). The results presented that the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed the greatest biosorbent capacity of Zinc (Zn) using the culture medium with the highest amount of tryptone peptone.

scholarly journals The influence of the culture media composition on the white phosphorus biodegradation by Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Anton Z. Mindubaev ◽  
◽  
Elena K. Badeeva ◽  
Salima T. Minzanova ◽  
Lubov G. Mironova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
White Phosphorus ◽  
The Media ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
First Time

The biodegradation of white phosphorus is undoubtedly an amazing illustration of the adaptability of living organisms to adverse environmental factors. In addition, it is a potential basis for the creation of new, breakthrough methods for detoxifying substances of the first class danger. However, establishing the fact of biological destruction is only half the battle. It is essential to optimize the growth conditions of microbial cultures and P4 biodegradation for industrial cultivation. The presented study compared the growth of Aspergillus niger strain AM1 in culture media varying in composition but containing P4 as the sole source of phosphorus. Of the ten media, two in which Aspergillus grew the fastest were selected. These media were concluded to be optimal for growth. Comparing the compositions of the media and the growth rate of Aspergillus in them, we found a key component that is a favorable factor for the growth of AM1 and the biodegradation of white phosphorus. This component was sodium nitrate (NaNO3). It has also been shown that copper sulphate (CuSO4) has no effect on the growth of Aspergillus in media with white phosphorus, regardless of the composition of these media. This result is in harmony with our previous findings. Furthermore, in the present work, attempts to increase the concentration of white phosphorus in the culture medium to values above 1% are described for the first time. For this purpose, we added the following solvents to the culture media: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diesel, in which white phosphorus dissolves relatively well. Apparently, the presence of these substances adversely affects the growth of Aspergill. Therefore, the problem of further increasing the concentration of P4 remains an unanswered.

scholarly journals Improving In Vitro Culture of Human Male Fetal Germ Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Myriam Martin-Inaraja ◽  
Monica Ferreira ◽  
Jasin Taelman ◽  
Cristina Eguizabal ◽  
Susana M. Chuva De Sousa Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Coated Substrate ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
The Media

Male human fetal germ cells (hFGCs) give rise to spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are the adult precursors of the male gametes. Human SSCs are a promising (autologous) source of cells for male fertility preservation; however, in contrast to mouse SSCs, we are still unable to culture them in the long term. Here, we investigated the effect of two different culture media and four substrates (laminin, gelatin, vitronectin and matrigel) in the culture of dissociated second trimester testes, enriched for hFGCs. After 6 days in culture, we quantified the presence of POU5F1 and DDX4 expressing hFGCs. We observed a pronounced difference in hFGC number in different substrates. The combination of gelatin-coated substrate and medium containing GDNF, LIF, FGF2 and EGF resulted in the highest percentage of hFGCs (10% of the total gonadal cells) after 6 days of culture. However, the vitronectin-coated substrate resulted in a comparable percentage of hFGCs regardless of the media used (3.3% of total cells in Zhou-medium and 4.8% of total cells in Shinohara-medium). We provide evidence that not only the choices of culture medium but also choices of the adequate substrate are crucial for optimizing culture protocols for male hFGCs. Optimizing culture conditions in order to improve the expansion of hFGCs will benefit the development of gametogenesis assays in vitro.

Regeneration of protoplasts of Entomophthora egressa, a fungal pathogen of the eastern hemlock looper

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Dunphy ◽  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Solid Substrates ◽  
Insect Tissue Culture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hemlock Looper

The regeneration patterns for protoplasts of Entomophthora egressa MacLeod and Tyrrell grown on modified Grace's insect tissue culture medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (a highly modified version of Grace's medium lacking serum and more closely approximating the hemolymph of the eastern hemlock looper), Müller-Kögler's coagulated egg yolk medium supplemented with Tristearin, and water agar are documented. Protoplasts on liquid and egg yolk media had varying degrees of common developmental patterns. On liquid media, development involving prophyphal spheres and fusion spheres predominated. Hyphae emerged from the prohyphal spheres; however, the fusion spheres did not develop further. On the coagulated egg yolk medium, the individual, non-chain, cells coalesced and developed into pleomorphs which later developed into osmotic shock-resistant postprotoplasts. A postprotoplast gave rise to a hypha which produced a terminal conidium. Later resting spores were detected. Water agar supported scant mycelial growth as compared with that on coagulated egg yolk but more than that on the liquid media. Solid substrates appeared to favor mycelial development. Regeneration could be avoided by the addition of fresh Grace's modified medium to either coagulated egg yolk plates or to cultures with Grace's modified medium. Obtaining protoplasts from hyphae and the reversion of these protoplasts to form hyphae appeared to be a fixed property of E. egressa.This report is believed to be the first for reversion of protoplasts initially produced by non-enzymic means.

scholarly journals Effects of Aeration Flow Rate in the Culture Medium on the Growth Performance and Egg Production of Copepod Oithona similis Fed with Fermented Organic Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Diana Chilmawati ◽  
Johannes Hutabarat ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Suminto Suminto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Oithona Similis ◽  
The Individual

The availability of copepod Oithona similis as live food organism for shrimp and marine fish larvae is strongly influenced by the optimum feed and environment conditions. Optimization of dissolved oxygen (DO) for O. similis can be carried out by providing proper aeration in culture media. Feeding with fermented organic diet besides phytoplankton is expected to support the individual growth, metabolism, and reproduction of O. similis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different aeration flow rates on the growth performance and egg production of O. similis and to determine the optimum aeration flow rate. Completely Randomized Design Experiment used in this study with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment was O. similis culture with different aeration flow rate of 0.00; 22.00; 45.67; 66.67 mL.second-1. The results showed that the difference aeration flow rate significantly affected (p <0.05) the growth performance and egg production of O. similis. The aeration flow rate of 45.67 mL.second-1 provided the best growth performance with total density of 81.25 ± 2.99 ind.mL-1; population specific growth rate 0.220 ± 0.002 day-1; and egg production28.40 ± 0.48 eggs.ind-1. Moreover, the optimum aeration flow rate culture medium for O. similis is 45.70 mL.second-1.

scholarly journals Growth capacity of thermotolerant campylobacters in culture media supplemented with pig and cow blood

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Tresierra-Ayala ◽  
Manuel Navas ◽  
Josué Flores ◽  
Ramsés Perea ◽  
Juan Huanaquiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Horse Blood ◽  
The Media

In this work 60 thermotolerant Campylobacter strains (37 C. jejuni and 23 C. coli) isolated from the cows, pigs, chickens and ducks (15 strains of each type of animal) were used to establish their growth capacity on media containing cow or swine blood as potential substitutes of sheep or horse blood. The growth capacity was assessed by viable counts on cow and swine blood media, using the modified Miles and Misra method. Campylobacter strains showed better growth in the media supplemented with pig or sheep blood than with cow blood. Thus, the use of pig blood could be a supplement for Campylobacter culture medium, when there was no availability of sheep or horse blood.

Haemoflagellates: commercially available liquid media for rapid cultivation

Parasitology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Hendricks ◽  
D. E. Wood ◽  
M. E. Hajduk
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Foetal Calf Serum ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Insect Tissue Culture ◽  
The Media

SummaryThe successful cultivation of a variety of haemoflagellates in three different liquid media is reported. These media include medium 199, Grace's insect tissue-culture medium and Schneider's drosophila medium, each in combination with 30% (v/v) foetal calf serum. These media were used to cultivate Old and New World species of visceral and cutaneous human Leishmania, as well as Leishmania species isolated from sandflies, rodents, and reptiles. Four strains of Trypanosoma cruzi, an isolate of T. rangeli and an isolate of T. lewisi have also been cultivated in these media. One or more of these media have been used to cultivate 121 strains of haemoflagellates, including at least 14 different species (11 Leishmania and 3 Trypanosoma) and many geographic isolates or strains. The Leishmania include L. braziliensis, L. peruviana, L. mexicana, L. tropica, L. donovani, L. chagasi, L. enriettii, L. hertigi, L. hoogstraali, L. adleri, and L. agamae. Using the Schneider's based medium, we have obtained primary isolates of both cutaneous and visceral Leishmania of man and of experimentally infected laboratory rodents and canines. Freeze-dried preparations of the Schneider's based medium that were reconstituted with distilled water after 24 months of storage at ambient temperature have proven to be suitable cultivation media. This feature makes the media valuable field tools.The various species of human Leishmania cultivated in these media have in our experience demonstrated no differences in growth rate, viability after liquid nitrogen preservation, or infectivity for laboratory animals and tissue-culture cells compared with promastigotes derived from blood-agar cultivation.

Study on Fungi Inhabiting Indoor Woods and their Eco-Friendly Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Ashwani Tapwal ◽  
Priya Kalyan ◽  
Shailendra Kumar ◽  
Suresh Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
The Media

Biodeterioration of indoor wood and microbial pollution inside buildings is one of important problem in humid areas. Number of fungi are associated with indoor wood and many of them are responsible for its deterioration by causing decay and stain. Some of them may release mycotoxins, which have hazardous impact on human health. In present study, fifteen fungi associated with wood surface were isolated and out of which genus Aspergillus dominate with four species. A. flavus was recorded from all locations. The potential of leaf extracts of nine tree species on the growth of A. flavus was evaluated by amending culture media. Considerable growth inhibition of A. flavus in the range of 1.14-45.45% was recorded on solid media and 9.37-86.66% in liquid media. Amendment of culture media @ 30% concentration of the leaf extract of Corymbia torelliana have recorded maximum growth inhibition irrespective of the media used.

Effects of 2, 3-iminosqualene on cultured cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 232 (1268) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Rat Hepatoma

2, 3-Iminosqualene (ISq) is a powerful inhibitor of squalene oxide: lanosterol cyclase (EC 5.4.99.7). When added to lipid-depleted culture media (LDM) of rat hepatoma (H-4-II-E-C3) or Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at a concentration of 10 μg ml -1 , it causes the cells to float off the substratum in a few days. Lipoproteins in the culture medium completely counteract this effect. Cells in lipoprotein-containing media (FGM) grow normally in the presence of ISq. Irrespective of the culture medium, ISq at 10 μg ml -1 causes an almost complete and apparently irreversible inactivation of the squalene oxide cyclase in CHO and H4 cells and the accumulation in the cells of squalene, of squalene 2, 3-oxide (mostly), and of squalene 2, 3-22, 23-dioxide when [ 14 C]acetate or [ 14 C]mevalonate is fed to the cells. Chronic treatment of H4 cells with ISq failed to elicit induction of the cyclase, but increased the conversion of mevalonate into squalene and squalene dioxide, and depressed the conversion of squalene oxide to the dioxide. Cells loaded with squalene and the squalene oxides from mevalonate in the presence of ISq get rid of these substances by rapidly secreting them into the media and by some unidentified metabolic processes.

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