Ultrastructural effects and translocation of methyl-2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy)propanoate in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and wild oat (Avena fatua)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (17) ◽  
pp. 2038-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Brezeanu ◽  
D. G. Davis ◽  
R. H. Shimabukuro
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Ultrastructural Modifications ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Cellular Alterations

Ultrastructural effects, absorption, and translocation of the experimental compound methyl-2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propanoate (MPP), topically applied to resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and susceptible wild oat (Avena fatua L.), were studied.The two species were affected differently by MPP when greenhouse-grown seedlings were treated at the [Formula: see text]-leaf stage. The second leaf of both species was damaged, but wild oat leaves were affected much more than wheat leaves. Although tissues formed after treatment and the apical region of the second leaf of wheat did not appear to be injured, ultrastructural modifications occurred. In wild oat, both visible injury and ultrastructural modifications were seen. Chloroplasts were the organelles most affected by the compound in both species. Cellular alterations ranging from slight to complete destruction of the cytoplasm were observed in cells of treated leaves. Frequently cells with undamaged chloroplasts were located next to cells with damaged chloroplasts. The translocation patterns of [14C]MPP applied as a drop were similar in wheat and wild oat and could not account for the differences in their sensitivities. About 95% of the 14C was recovered in the region of application in both species.

CONTROL OF WILD OAT WITH TRIALLATE IN A SPRING WHEAT CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEM

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. CARLSON ◽  
L. A. MORROW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Triallate granules were applied at 2.8 kg/ha without incorporation either immediately before or after planting into standing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Fielder’ and ’Dirkwin’) stubble. The triallate granules controlled wild oat (Avena fatua L.), and resulted in increased spring wheat yield. Difenzoquat or diclofop-methyl application also increased wheat yields.Key words: Triallate, oat (wild), conservation tillage, minimum tillage, wheat (spring)

EFFECTS OF POST-EMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF WILD OATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Transpiration of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) plants was markedly reduced after foliar treatment with barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate), asulam (methyl sulfanylcarbamate), dichlorfop methyl (4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester), difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1 H-pyrazolium) or benzoylprop ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate). Suppression of transpiration increased with increasing herbicide rates. Difenzoquat and dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha reduced transpiration by more than 50% within 2 days after spraying. Barban, asulam and benzoylprop ethyl did not reduce transpiration to this level until about 12 days after spraying. When wild oats and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown together, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley and wheat plants with more tillers per plant than in the untreated control. The earlier removal of wild oat competition with dichlorfop methyl and difenzoquat treatments resulted in the production of more dry weight and culms per plant of barley and wheat than with the slower-acting barban and benzoylprop ethyl.

Selecting for triallate resistance in wild oat

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Sakti Jana
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat

Resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to triallate was monitored from 1996 to 1998 in plots of continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-fallow, with or without triallate applied from 1979 to 1997. Resistance in wild oat occurred after 18 yr where triallate was applied annually in continuous wheat, but not where triallate was applied 10 times in a wheat-fallow rotation over the same period. No resistance was detected in the continuous wheat or wheat-fallow plots where no herbicide was applied. Key words: Herbicide resistance, wild oat, triallate

CONTROL OF WILD OATS IN WHEAT WITH BARBAN, DICLOFOP METHYL, FLAMPROP METHYL AND DIFENZOQUAT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. KIRKLAND ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wild Oats

The efficacy of diclofop methyl, flamprop methyl, difenzoquat, and barban on wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was tested in the field at Scott and Lacombe from 1978 to 1982. The four herbicides were applied at recommended rates and growth stages. Diclofop methyl consistently caused the greatest reduction in wild oat culms and plant weights and resulted in the largest wheat yield increases. Diclofop methyl, flamprop methyl and difenzoquat consistently produced yield increases over the untreated control.Key words: Wild oats, wheat, barban, diclofop methyl, flamprop methyl, difenzoquat

Competitiveness of Canada prairie spring wheats with wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Kirkland ◽  
J. H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Actual Yield

Three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Neepawa, a hard red spring, and HY320 and HY355 both Canada Prairie Spring wheats) were subjected to four levels of wild oat density at two locations over 4 yr to assess the effects of wild oat competition on biomass production, culm formation and yield. Wheat biomass and culm production were reduced at all wild oat density levels in each of the three cultivars. There were no significant differences among cultivars. In general, yields of all cultivars were reduced as wild oat density levels increased. Actual yield reductions at comparable wild oat densities tended to be greater at Regina than at Scott. There was a significant cultivar-by-density interaction for yield with yield reductions in HY320 > HY355 > Neepawa. Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), wild oat density, competition, plant biomass, culms

FIELD CONFIRMATION OF AN INDEX FOR PREDICTING YIELD LOSS OF WHEAT AND BARLEY DUE TO WILD OAT COMPETITION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. HAMMAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Actual Yield

Indices of competition of 0.0339 for wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Thel.) and 0.0230 for wild oats in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as developed by Dew (1972) were confirmed. Actual yield loss determinations were made by utilizing data collected from herbicide-treated (considered wild oat-free) and non-treated areas on field-scale trials scattered across Western Canada.

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