Transmission characteristics and host range of the clover yellow edge agent

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Chiykowski
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Transmission Characteristics

A disease of clover, designated as clover yellow edge (CYE), was transmitted by Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank) but not by the leafhoppers Scaphytopius acutus (Say), Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), Agallia constricta Van Duzee, and Agallia quadripunctata Prov. or a Cercopid sp. Transmission by A. bicinctus, given various acquisition access periods on infected clover as nymphs, increased from 29% for 1 day to 67% for 14 days for females and from 42% for 1 day to 72% for 14 days for males. When leafhoppers were given similar acquisition access periods as adults, transmission ranged from 5% for 1 day to 24% for 14 days for females and from 25% for 1 day to 33% for 14 days for males. Inoculative female leafhoppers, given inoculation access periods ranging from 0.5 h to 96 h, began transmitting with 1-h feeds (29%) and reached a maximum with 96-h feeds (88%). Inoculative males began transmitting with 8-h feeds (50%) and reached a maximum with 48-h feeds (83%), the longest time tested. The average preinfective period for female and male leafhoppers tested individually was 42.2 days and 40.1 days, respectively. Once an insect became inoculative, it continued to transmit until death.Of the 31 plant species in 12 families tested as hosts of the clover yellow edge agent (CYEA). 15 species in 6 families developed symptoms. The most commonly observed symptoms were chlorosis or yellowing of leaf margins and reduction in the size of flowers and leaves. Aphrodes bicinctus transmitted CYEA to clover from eight of eight infected plant species tested as source hosts.

scholarly journals Biological and Host Range Characteristics of Lysathia flavipes (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Invasive Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) in the USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Angelica M. Reddy ◽  
Paul D. Pratt ◽  
Brenda J. Grewell ◽  
Nathan E. Harms ◽  
Ximena Cibils-Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Exotic water primroses (Ludwigia spp.) are aggressive invaders in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. To date, management of exotic Ludwigia spp. has been limited to physical and chemical control methods. Biological control provides an alternative approach for the management of invasive Ludwigia spp. but little is known regarding the natural enemies of these exotic plants. Herein the biology and host range of Lysathia flavipes (Boheman), a herbivorous beetle associated with Ludwigia spp. in Argentina and Uruguay, was studied to determine its suitability as a biocontrol agent for multiple closely related target weeds in the USA. The beetle matures from egg to adult in 19.9 ± 1.4 days at 25 °C; females lived 86.3 ± 35.6 days and laid 1510.6 ± 543.4 eggs over their lifespans. No-choice development and oviposition tests were conducted using four Ludwigia species and seven native plant species. Lysathia flavipes showed little discrimination between plant species: larvae aggressively fed and completed development, and the resulting females (F1 generation) oviposited viable eggs on most plant species regardless of origin. These results indicate that L. flavipes is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biocontrol agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the USA and further testing is not warranted.

Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Badii ◽  
M.K. Billah ◽  
K. Afreh-Nuamah ◽  
D. Obeng-Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Fruit Samples

An important aspect of fruit fly management is accurate information on the species and their host spectrum. Studies were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 to determine the host range and species diversity of pest fruit flies in the northern savannah ecology of Ghana. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants (wild and cultivated) were collected and incubated for fly emergence; 65 (81.5%) of the plant species were positive to fruit flies. From records in Africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the African invader fly,Bactrocera invadens(Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005). This study documented the first records ofDacus ciliatus(Loew) andTrirhithrum nigerrimum(Bezzi) in northern Ghana although both species have been previously reported in other parts of the country. Infestation byB. invadenswas higher in the cultivated fruits;Ceratitis cosyradominated in most wild fruits. Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by three species ofDacusandBactroceracucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among the commercial fruit species, the highest infestations were observed in mango, tomato, sweet pepper and watermelon, whereas marula plum, soursop, tropical almond, sycamore fig, African peach, shea nut, persimmon, icacina and albarillo dominated the wild host flora. The widespread availability of host plants and the incidence of diverse fly species in the ecology call for particular attention to their impact on commercial fruits and the development of sustainable management strategies against these economically important pests in Ghana.

scholarly journals Host Range Evolution of Potyviruses: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Moury ◽  
Cécile Desbiez
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Host Range Evolution ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms

Virus host range, i.e., the number and diversity of host species of viruses, is an important determinant of disease emergence and of the efficiency of disease control strategies. However, for plant viruses, little is known about the genetic or ecological factors involved in the evolution of host range. Using available genome sequences and host range data, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of host range evolution in the genus Potyvirus, a large group of plant RNA viruses that has undergone a radiative evolution circa 7000 years ago, contemporaneously with agriculture intensification in mid Holocene. Maximum likelihood inference based on a set of 59 potyviruses and 38 plant species showed frequent host range changes during potyvirus evolution, with 4.6 changes per plant species on average, including 3.1 host gains and 1.5 host loss. These changes were quite recent, 74% of them being inferred on the terminal branches of the potyvirus tree. The most striking result was the high frequency of correlated host gains occurring repeatedly in different branches of the potyvirus tree, which raises the question of the dependence of the molecular and/or ecological mechanisms involved in adaptation to different plant species.

scholarly journals Morphological and pathogenic variations in the isolates of Rhizoctonia solani in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Goswami ◽  
KA Bhuiyan ◽  
IH Mian
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Avirulent Isolate

Rhizoctonia solani isolates were collected from soil of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh and also from infected plant parts of different crops and grasses. Collected isolates were classified into five different cluster groups on the basis of morphological and cultural characters. Five isolates taking one from each of the five different cluster groups were selected to study their pathogenicity and host range on 35 different crops. Pathogenicity and host range of the isolates were determined by planting the seeds in water agar plate infested with R. solani isolates and incubated at 25°C temperatures. After analyzing the morphological and cultural characters of the isolates, it was found that there was no relations between the isolates with respect to their origin from where they were collected. It indicated that the diversity among the isolates was not correlated with their origin. In case of host range and pathogenicity among the five selected isolates of different cluster groups, the isolate JES-16 was an avirulent isolate. The isolate SYL-30 had narrow host range and a low virulent isolate. The isolates DIN-8 and GAZ-18 possessed wide host range and might be considered as virulent isolates. The isolate GAZ-9 was a highly virulent isolate with a wide host range. Keywords: Rhizoctonia solani; morphological and pathogenic variations; isolates. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6443Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 375-380

ADDITIONAL HOST PLANTS OF CLOVER PHYLLODY IN CANADA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. CHIYKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Source Plant ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Clover Phyllody

Symptoms were observed on 35 out of 74 plant species, in 15 families inoculated with clover phyllody by the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal)). Symptomatology for some of the hosts is described and illustrated. There were differences in numbers of plants infected, length of time for symptom development, and numbers of insects surviving on the various species of plants, but these were not correlated. Although the clover phyllody agent was transmitted to asters from 17 of 19 infected plant species the number of leafhoppers that became inoculative varied considerably depending on the source plant species.

scholarly journals An Experimental Host Range for Triticum mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1125-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas L. Seifers ◽  
T. J. Martin ◽  
J. P. Fellers
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Experimental Host ◽  
Experimental Host Range ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Growth Habits

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a newly discovered virus isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum). This study was conducted to determine an experimental host range for TriMV and identify species that could serve as differential hosts for isolating TriMV from Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Plants tested were mechanically inoculated with the 06-123 isolate of TriMV or the Sidney 81 isolate of WSMV. Some plants were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies of TriMV and WSMV. Plants infected with TriMV always produced mosaic symptoms and only extracts of symptomatic plants reacted with antibodies of TriMV. Maize is not a host for TriMV but barley, oat, rye, and triticale are hosts of TriMV. Certain barley and triticale accessions are hosts for TriMV but not WSMV. These plants can be used in combination with maize to separate WSMV and TriMV in plants infected by both viruses. We also showed that 8 wild grass species were susceptible to TriMV and 25 were not. All of the grasses susceptible to infection with TriMV have been reported as susceptible to infection with WSMV. Because of their growth habits, these plant species would be less desirable for use as differential hosts than maize, barley, and triticale.

scholarly journals KISARAN INANG DAN DINAMIKA POPULASI Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) DI PERTANAMAN CABAI MERAH

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Hendrival Hendrival ◽  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Abundant Population

The study of host range and population dynamic of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fiel dswas conducted in Sub-district of Pakem, District of Sleman, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta during dry season of May-October 2009. The study of host plants of B. tabaci from the red chili pepper fields revealed that there were 27 species of host plants belong to 22 genera of 13 families including crops and weeds. The host plants belong to families of Araceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papilionaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae and Sterculiaceae. The host plant families of Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae had the most abundant population of B. tabaci. Geminivirus-like symptoms were found in the weeds of A. conyzoides and A. boehmerioides. Population of B. tabaci adults correlated with abundance of host plant species found in the red chili pepper fields. The population of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fields was affected by natural enemy population. Population dynamic of the parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. correlated with population dynamic of the parasitized nymph of B. tabaci. Parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. was potentially good in controlling population of B. tabaci nymph in red chili pepper fields.

scholarly journals Twobandad Japanese Weevil, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus Roelofs (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamba Gyeltshen ◽  
Amanda Hodges
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Washington County ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Important Pest

The twobanded Japanese weevil, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus (Roelofs), first collected in the United States in 1914 near Philadelphia, was most likely introduced with infested nursery stock from Japan (Wheeler and Boyd 2005). With a host range of over 100 plant species, the twobanded Japanese weevil is recognized in the northeastern and midwestern United States as an important pest of landscape plantings (Wheeler and Boyd 2005). Although not a pest of major concern yet in the southeastern states, it is likely to extend its range due to movement of nursery stock. In July 2005, two specimens of the twobanded Japanese weevil were collected at Chipley, Florida, which is in Washington county (Thomas 2005). This document is EENY-361 (IN646), one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date December 2005. EENY361/IN646: Twobanded Japanese Weevil, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus Roelofs (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Evaluation of host testing by comparing ingestion and settling behaviours

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Host Testing

The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique is being developed for rapid assessment of host range of potential xylem feeding invaders in New Zealand Stylet penetration behaviours of adult spittle bug Carystoterpa fingens were monitored for 12 h on grape lemon apple and kiwifruit plants using EPG A multiplechoice test of all four plant species was conducted concurrently with the EPG tests for comparison In EPG tests the longest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on grape and lemon while the shortest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on apple Results for kiwifruit were intermediate and not significantly different from the other plant types In the multiplechoice tests more insects were found on grape and lemon than on apple and kiwifruit The similar ranking of the host plants in both multiplechoice and EPG tests suggests that EPG is a valid tool for rapidly assessing host feeding acceptance and preference

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