Effects of 15% CO2 on germination, germ tube elongation, and sporulation in cultures of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1044-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Arnold ◽  
James E. Rahe
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Germination of conidia in cultures of the beta and gamma races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum growing on bean juice agar was delayed in 15% CO2, though the proportion of conidia that finally germinated under these conditions was similar to the proportion that germinated in cultures maintained in air. Germ tube elongation in CO2 was inhibited during the early stages of development, but vegetative growth was ultimately stimulated under these conditions. Sporulation of cultures maintained in CO2 was delayed and fewer conidia were formed than in cultures maintained in air.The results suggest that there is an interrelationship between vegetative growth and spore production. The implications of these results to previous work on the effects of 15% CO2 on the host–parasite interaction between C. lindemuthianum and Phaseolus vulgaris are discussed.

Injury-related phaseollin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris and its implications with regard to specificity of host–parasite interaction

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Rahe ◽  
Robert M. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Freezing Injuries ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Time Point

Phaseollin accumulated locally at point-freezing injuries on hypocotyls of intact etiolated seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris. Maximum amounts occurred within 24 to 30 h after injury. Smaller amounts accumulated at similar sites on hypocotyls excised at the time point-freezing injuries were made, and the accumulation was less localized. Increasing amounts of phaseollin occurred at sites increasingly distant from the cotyledonary nodes in both intact and excised hypocotyls. Much higher levels of phaseollin were elicited by excision per se than by point-freezing. Phaseollin was not detected after freezing of whole hypocotyls, indicating that living tissue adjacent to injuries is required for accumulation. The data are discussed in relation to host–parasite specificity, with particular reference to the interaction between P. vulgaris and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum.

Effects of 15% CO2 on the susceptibility of Phaseolus vulgaris to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Arnold ◽  
James E. Rahe
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Incompatible Interaction ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Complete Reversal

Changes in the nature of the interaction between Phaseolus vulgaris and a compatible race of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were obtained by treatment of inoculated plants with 15% CO2 in air. A shift towards resistance, manifested by the appearance of flecks similar to those which develop in a natural incompatible interaction, occurred on plants placed in CO2 during the early stages of fungal penetration and maintained there until symptoms appeared. With such treatment, almost complete reversal of the interaction was obtained when the density of infection sites was sufficiently great to give coalescent necrosis in controls that were not CO2-treated. A lesser effect occurred when CO2 treatment was begun at later stages of development of the interaction. Histological studies showed that the rate of colonization of host cells by hyphae of the fungus was reduced in the presence of 15% CO2. These results indicate that CO2 may change the nature of the interaction to one of resistance by selectively slowing down the growth of the fungus while allowing a defense response of the host to develop to a degree where it can prevent further spread of fungal hyphae.

Dynamics of the Dictyostelium discoideum mitochondrial proteome during vegetative growth, starvation and early stages of development

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Czarna ◽  
Gregory Mathy ◽  
Allan Mac'Cord ◽  
Rowan Dobson ◽  
Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteome ◽  
Early Stages

Comparative leaf development of aerial and aquatic growth forms of Myriophyllum aquaticum

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Shafiullah ◽  
Christian R. Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Myriophyllum Aquaticum ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Other Hand

Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. produces two morphologically different forms of leaves based on whether they are aerial or aquatic. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are any similarities or differences between these two growth forms during their early stages of development. A comparative developmental study of aerial and aquatic growth forms of M. aquaticum was conducted from a qualitative and quantitative perspective using a scanning electron microscope. The pattern of leaf and lobe initiation such as their origin and shape were similar in both growth forms until the fourth plastochron (stage P4). Differences between the two growth forms became evident from stage P5 onward, where a larger shoot apical meristem (SAM), elongated epidermal cells, shorter and slightly more numerous lobes, as well as the presence of appendage-like structures characterized aquatic growth forms. On the other hand, aerial growth forms had smaller SAM, bulb-like epidermal cells, and longer and slightly less numerous leaf lobes. Significant differences between growth forms were noted for parameters such as volume of SAM, length of terminal, first, and middle lobes, as well as the length from first to last lobes. The volume of the SAM of aquatic shoot tips was always greater than aerial forms. On the other hand, lobes of aerial forms were always longer than the aquatic counterpart during early stages of development. This study on the development of M. aquaticum shows that the aerial and aquatic growth forms diverge from their early stages of development.

XV. On the development of the parasitic isopoda

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Pair Of Antennae

The following paper contains an account of observations on the development of the species Cymothoa œstroides and C . parallela of Milne Edwards; but the forms of the young seem to show that several species are really included under these two names. In the early stages of development the only observable difference that exists between the embryos is one of size, but in the later stages they differ very markedly from each other in their external characters. From adult individuals answering the description of C . œstroides I have obtained four varieties of embryos: two with long antennae and two with short.* In the two former the first pair of antennae are but slightly longer than the head, while the second pair are longer than the body; the eyes are small. In one of the varieties thus characterised the abdominal appendages are fringed with long hairs (fig. 20), and in the other they are smooth.

Morphological variations of Phrosina semilunata Risso, 1822 juveniles (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), new evidence from the Gulf of Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4995 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-600
Author(s):  
MARCO VIOLANTE-HUERTA ◽  
LAURA SANVICENTE-AÑORVE ◽  
MARGARITA HERMOSO-SALAZAR ◽  
AURORA MARRÓN-BECERRA
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Lack of knowledge of morphological variations during growth of amphipod crustaceans can result in misidentification of species. In this study, we advance the knowledge of morphological variations of juveniles of the monotypic genus Phrosina Risso, 1822 collected in the oceanic province of the southern Gulf of Mexico. The juveniles differed from the adults mainly in the morphology of pereopods 3 & 4 in that the carpal process is parallel to the propodus, also the rami of the pleopoda consist of only four segments, uropoda 3 are more lanceolate, and the uropoda bear a large prominent spine terminally. These morphological variations have not been described for the species previously. Therefore, the current observations enrich the description of P. semilunata in the early stages of growth and support the need for further taxonomical studiest that could help identify species at different stages of development.  

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