Growth and metabolism of cells and tissue of jack pine (Pinus banksiana). 6. Free nitrogenous compounds in cell suspension cultures of jack pine as affected by light and darkness

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan ◽  
V. Chalupa
Keyword(s):  
Free Amino ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Final Weight

The increases of dry weights for cell suspensions of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) callus grown in light or darkness were near-exponential, but the final weight was 10% less for those grown in darkness. Per unit weight, free amino acid N accumulated in cells in light but was lost from cells in darkness. Composition was dominated by high levels of glutamine, arginine, and alanine N. Several compounds, not usually present in callus on agar, or in the donor seedlings, were detected in cells.The composition of cells in relation to the external medium altered markedly. Individual nitrogenous compounds correlated with overall growth rates. Correlations between rates and composition reflected the distribution of clump sizes, i.e. differential daughter cell adhesion. Moreover, depending on the type of N compound studied, the ratio of endogenous to exogenous N either remained constant or varied, to reflect the growth habit of the suspension. Ratios for free glutamine N and monosubstituted guanidines were responsive to light and darkness and complemented one another.

Growth and metabolism of cells and tissue of jack pine (Pinus banksiana). 5. Changes in free arginine and Sakaguchi-reactive compounds during callus growth and in germinating seedlings of similar genetic origin

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan ◽  
V. Chalupa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Friable Callus

In friable callus, grown on a defined medium with arginine, and in jack pine seedlings, from which callus was derived, at least 18 Sakaguchi-reactive compounds and two N-phosphoryl derivatives were detected. When final size of callus was reached, the N in these substances contributed 0.1% to the total gain in dry weight and less than 0.6% to the gain in N. This was equivalent to a loss of 3 to 7% of the arginine N in the medium. For each callus, the total content of Sakaguchi-reactive compounds increased as the relative growth rates for weight and volume decreased. The increase was more pronounced when daughter cells adhered to clumps than at earlier stages when cells separated from one another. On a unit weight basis and as the cultures reached final size, the total Sakaguchi-reactive substances fell as γ-guanidinobutyric acid increasingly dominated the guanidine fraction. Exogenously supplied γ-guanidinobutyric acid caused a decrease in the final size of the cultured calluses when compared with calluses supplied with arginine. Levels of some of the remaining unidentified guanidines correlated positively with growth rates of calluses. By contrast, during the first 10 days of seedling growth Sakaguchi-reactive compounds contributed 12% of the net gain in N. The sequence of dominance of guanidines during growth was similar in both callus types and in seedlings, although some differences were noted.

Growth and metabolism of cells and tissue of jack pine (Pinus banksiana). 3. Growth of cells in liquid suspension cultures in light and darkness

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 456-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan ◽  
V. Chalupa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Liquid Suspension

Friable, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) callus on agar plates with a defined nutrient medium was transferred to a liquid medium of the same composition to establish cell suspension cultures. Dry weights and patterns of growth for daughter cells were estimated in continuous light or darkness, with or without conditioned media and arginine supplement. In all treatments, growth was near-exponential. Greatest final size was obtained with basal medium under continuous light.The distribution of clump sizes at the later stages of growth fits a stochastic model reflecting two types of daughter cell behavior described by the probability of one type remaining with the clump as opposed to sloughing off into the medium. In light, cells contained many more chloroplasts, thicker cell walls, and more compacted clumps than in darkness: yet cellular clumping patterns both in light and darkness were largely similar. Nearly 20% of the clumps showed polarity and symmetry and contained actively streaming suspensor-like cells. The remaining clumps were spherical and produced unorganized growth patterns. The progress of growth was eventually dominated by the tendency of daughter cells to remain attached to clumps compared with the initial tendency for clumps to fragment and cells to be released into the medium.

scholarly journals Trade-Offs among Release Treatments in Jack Pine Plantations: Twenty-Five Year Responses

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Holly D. Deighton ◽  
Frederick Wayne Bell ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Eric B. Searle ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Forest Managers

We assessed 27 indicators of plant diversity, stand yield and individual crop tree responses 25 years post-treatment to determine long-term trade-offs among conifer release treatments in boreal and sub-boreal forests. This research addresses the lack of longer-term data needed by forest managers to implement more integrated vegetation management programs, supporting more informed decisions about release treatment choice. Four treatments (untreated control, motor-manual brushsaw, single aerial spray, and complete competition removal) were established at two jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites in Ontario, Canada. Our results suggest that plant diversity and productivity in boreal jack pine forests are significantly influenced by vegetation management treatments. Overall, release treatments did not cause a loss of diversity but benefitted stand-scale yield and individual crop tree growth, with maximum benefits occurring in more intensive release treatments. However, none of the treatments maximized all 27 indicators studied; thus, forest managers are faced with trade-offs when choosing treatments. Research on longer term effects, ideally through at least one rotation, is essential to fully understand outcomes of different vegetation management on forest diversity, stand yield, and individual crop tree responses.

Jack pine cone quality and cache sizes of red squirrels in southern New Brunswick, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Setterington ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Relationships between external cone characteristics (length, width, wet and dry mass), cone quality (total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass, total number of seeds per cone, total seed mass per cone), and number of cones in caches were evaluated for caches of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) cones belonging to red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in two plantations in southern New Brunswick. Cone length and mass were good predictors of the total number of seeds per cone and total seed mass per cone. Length accounted for a small proportion of the variance of total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass. There was no relationship between the number of seeds or total seed mass per cone and the number of cones per cache.

scholarly journals Genetically based resistance to the white pine weevil in jack pine and eastern white pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Thibaut Leinekugel Le Cocq ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) damage was evaluated in one white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and four jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb) half-sib family test sites to determine the role of tree genotype in resistance to the weevil. Halfsibfamily explained a significant proportion of the variation in weevil attack at all sites. Estimates of family (0.16-0.54)and individual (0.09-0.24) heritabilities of jack pine resistance to white pine weevil were moderate. Estimates of family(0.37) and individual (0.22) heritability of resistance of white pine to the weevil were also moderate when the percentageof test trees damaged by the weevil was relatively low, but were insignificant four years later when more than three-quartersof trees were damaged. Significant positive correlations between mean tree height and mean incidence of trees damagedby the weevil were observed for four of seven site-years but relationships were weak, suggesting that any cost, withrespect to height growth, to breeding weevil resistant trees may be small.Key words: Pinus, Pissodes strobi, trade-offs, tree improvement, tree resistance, white pine weevil.

Spatial genetic substructure within natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yi Xie ◽  
Peggy Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Genetic Substructure ◽  
Good Agreement

Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to investigate the geographic distribution of allozyme genotypes within three natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Results indicate that genetic substructuring within these populations is very weak and the extent differs among populations. These results are in good agreement with those inferred from mating-system studies. Factors such as the species' predominantly outbreeding system, high mortality of selfs and inbreds prior to reproduction, long-distance pollen dispersal, and the absence of strong microhabitat selection may be responsible for the observed weak genetic substructuring. Key words: jack pine, Pinus banksiana, genetic substructure, allozyme, spatial autocorrelation analysis.

Alternate Strip Clearcutting in Upland Black Spruce: III. Regeneration Options for Leave Strips

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Wood ◽  
Richard Raper
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Biological Criteria ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Topographic Positions

In the alternate strip clearcutting system, first-cut strips are regenerated by seed produced by black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) in the forested leave strips. However, after the second cut, such a seed source is not available for regenerating the leave strips. Therefore, the forest manager must consider a number of alternative regeneration options. The selection of the most appropriate regeneration option is dependent upon several economic and biological criteria. These include future costs of delivered wood, site productivity, post-harvest site condition, future alternative sources of supply, and future demand for industrial wood. Regeneration options such as preservation of advance growth and direct seeding are recommended for sites on which the manager is concerned primarily with regenerating first cut strips and is willing to accept a lower level of stocking in leave strips. Planting, the most intensive option discussed, should be reserved for sites offering the highest potential return or greatest future cost savings. Direct seeding of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) should be considered on the upland portions of this patterned site type. Mixing jack pine and black spruce is a suggested regeneration option if the site contains both upland and lowland topographic positions. Other seeding options include the use of semi-transparent plastic seed shelters. The manager might consider combining two or more of these options to meet management objectives.

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