Host resistance to the fir engraver beetle. 1. Monoterpene composition of Abies grandis pitch blisters and fungus-infected wounds

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Russell ◽  
Alan A. Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Resin System ◽  
Fungus Infection ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

The monoterpene hydrocarbons of the cortical blister oleoresin of Abies grandis were compared, using gas chromatography, with those obtained from lesions that formed as a response of the tree to inoculation with cultured Trichosporium symbioticum, a fungus which is transmitted by the fir engraver beetle Scolytus ventralis. The resins from each source differed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Three terpenic compounds (tricyclene, camphene, and bornyl acetate) that are normally present in primary resin were not found in secondary resin. However, resins that formed in response to the inoculation contained higher concentrations of myrcene in three quarters of the trees and delta3-carene in one quarter of the trees that were sampled than resin from pitch blisters, which contained only trace amounts of these two compounds. These results suggest that conifers respond to fungus infection by producing monoterpenes which are more toxic, repellent, and (or) inhibitory to bark beetles and their associated fungi (e.g. myrcene and delta3-carene) at the expense of attractive or less biologically active compounds (e.g. camphene) which are present in the preformed resin system.

Fast Method for the Determination of Residual Solvents in Radiopharmaceutical Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Mihon ◽  
Catalin Stelian Tuta ◽  
Alina Catrinel Ion ◽  
Dana Niculae ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Residual Solvents

The aim of this work was the development and validation of a fast analytical method to determine the residual solvents content in radiopharmaceuticals such as: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), 18F-Fluoroestradiol (18F-FES), 18F-Fluorothymidine (18F-FLT),18F-Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO). Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive preparations for medical purposes used in nuclear medicine as tracers in diagnostic imaging and treatment of certain diseases. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that consists in introducing into the body of a small amount of a biologically active chemical compound labelled with a short lived positron-emitting radioisotope (18F, 11C, 68Ga). Residual solvents are critical impurities in radiopharmaceuticals that can affect labelling, stability and physicochemical properties of drugs. Therefore, the determination of these solvents is essential for quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Validation of the control method for residual solvents by gas chromatography is referred by the European Pharmacopoeia using a special injection technique (head space). The parameters of the method, which comply with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, are: accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The proposed method (direct gas chromatography injection) proved to be linear, precise, accurate and robust. Good linearity was achieved for all the solvents and correlation coefficients (R2) for each residual solvent were found more than 0.99.

scholarly journals Drying Induced Impact on Composition and Oil Quality of Rosemary Herb, Rosmarinus Officinalis Linn

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen S. Al-Omar ◽  
Salman A. A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohamed S. A. Aly ◽  
Abdulmalik N. A. Alsuqub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
The One

The natural drying of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. herbs severely affects its volatile oil quality and yields, which is reported here for the first time. The oils obtained through hydrodistillation from fresh, one, two, and three-weeks dried herbs were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and the yields were 198 ± 3.45, 168.7 ± 5.11, and 97.8 ± 1.27 mg, respectively, as compared to the internal referral standard of 327 ± 5.91 mg yield of the one-week dried herbs’ oil. Camphor, the major constituent, significantly depleted from 20.96% to 13.84%, while bornyl acetate yields increased from 1.42% to 12.46% (p values < 0.0001) in three-weeks drying, reflecting the redox processes undergoing within the oil during drying. Several constituents (25) were found in one-week dried herbs’ oil as compared to the fresh, two-, and three-weeks oils, which consisted of 23, 19, and 14 constituents, respectively, leading to the recommendation of the one-week drying of the herb for maximum oil yield. The DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) reactivity was highest for the two- and three-weeks dried herb-based oils, followed by the one-week dried- and fresh-herb-based oils (p < 0.0001), again indicating major chemical changes during herbs’ dryings, affecting the free-radical scavenging capacity of these batches of oils obtained after different drying times.

scholarly journals Assessment of Monoterpene Components in Wild Rose Petals Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Koval Inna
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Rose Petals ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Active Substances

The content, component composition, and main directions of the use of monoterpenes of wild rose petals compounds are considered in the research. The study on six wild rose species was carried out in the collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Volatile organic compounds were isolated by steam distillation, and their determination was performed by means of gas chromatography. R. rugosa petals contained the highest number of monoterpenoids, while R. canina petals – the lowest. In our research twentyone different (acyclic, monocyclic, bicyclic) monoterpenoids were identified, including alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, and ketones. All groups of monoterpenoids are biologically active substances and have a significant effect on the aroma of the studied plants.

scholarly journals Contact Toxicity and Repellency of the Essential Oil from Bupleurum bicaule Helm against Two Stored Product Insects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao-Meng Wei ◽  
Shan-Shan Guo ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Xian-Long Cheng ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Lasioderma Serricorne ◽  
Stored Product Insects

Essential oils obtained from many plants showed various kinds of insecticidal properties; some of them have been considered as alternative insecticides for pest control. The present study was aimed at determining the chemical composition of the essential oil from the roots of Bupleurum bicaule Helm, as well as evaluating the contact and repellent activities of the oil and four identified compounds against Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila adults. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 26 components were determined and the main compounds included trans-2-isopropylbicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-en-8-one (25.9%), 4,5-dimethyl-1,2,3,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydrobiphenylene (23.5%), and 1,4-dimethoxy-2-tert-butylbenzene (4.3%). It was found that the essential oil exhibited contact toxicity against L. serricorne (LD50 = 11.91 μg/adult), but the contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila could not be observed. The essential oil also showed strong repellent activity against L. serricorne with percent repellency of 100% at 78.63 nl/cm2. Four chemical compounds, 1,4-dimethoxy-2-tert-butylbenzene, bornyl acetate, (2E,4E)-2,4-nonadienal, and β-bisabolene, exhibited various levels of bioactivities. The experimental results indicated that the essential oil of B. bicaule and its individual compounds could be used in insecticidal and repellent strategies for stored product insects.

Synthesis of a biologically active isomer of frontalin and some new products from acylative decarboxylation of 3-methyltricarballylic acid

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Strunz ◽  
Chao-Mei Yu ◽  
Li Ya ◽  
Peter S. White ◽  
E. A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
New Products ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Catalysed Reaction ◽  
Active Isomer ◽  
Pheromone Analogue ◽  
Simple Manipulation

2-Acetonyl-2-methylsuccinic anhydride, 3, the major product from base-catalysed reaction of 3-methyltricarballylic acid with acetic anhydride, was converted by simple manipulation of functional groups into 1,5-dimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane. This bicyclic ketal (6) is isomeric with frontalin, 7, an aggregation pheromone for Dendroctonus bark beetles. It elicited electroantennogram responses in D. ponderosae and D. rufipennis. Besides 3 and the known compounds, 4 and 5, two new minor products, 8 and 9, were identified from base-catalysed acylative decarboxylation of 3-methyltricarballylic acid. Keywords: pheromone analogue, Dendroctonus, bark beetles.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils from Magnolia grandiflora, Chrysactinia mexicana, and Schinus molle Found in Northeast Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Guerra-Boone ◽  
Rocío Álvarez-Román ◽  
Ricardo Salazar-Aranda ◽  
Anabel Torres-Cirio ◽  
Verónica Mayela Rivas-Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Schinus Molle ◽  
Main Component

The essential oils from Magnolia grandiflora and Chrysactinia mexicana leaves, and from Schinus molle leaves and fruit, were characterized by gas chromatography/flame-ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight compounds from M. grandiflora leaves were identified (representing 93.6% of the total area of the gas chromatogram), with the major component being bornyl acetate (20.9%). Colorless and yellow oils were obtained from the C. mexicana leaves with 18 (86.7%) and 11 (100%) compounds identified, respectively. In both fractions, the principal component was sylvestrene (36.8% and 41.1%, respectively). The essential oils of S. molle leaves and fruit were each separated into colorless and yellow fractions, in which 14 (98.2) and 20 (99.8%) compounds were identified. The main component was α-phellandrene in all fractions (between 32.8% and 45.0%). The M. grandiflora oil displayed antifungal activity against five dermatophyte strains. The oils from S. molle and M. grandiflora leaves had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, which cause skin infections that potentially may lead to sepsis. However, the antioxidant activities of all oils were small (half maximal effective concentration values >250 μg/mL).

ATTRACTION OF LASCONOTUS INTRICATUS KRAUS. (COLEOPTERA: COLYDIIDAE) TO THE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF THE FOUR-EYED SPRUCE BARK BEETLE, POLYGRAPHUS RUFIPENNIS (KIRBY) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.W. Bowers ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThe cylindrical bark beetle, Lasconotus intricatus Kraus., is attracted to multiple-funnel traps baited either with black spruce logs infested with male four-eyed spruce bark beetles, Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby), or the male-produced aggregation pheromone, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. The addition of the host terpenes, bornyl acetate and β-pinene, to 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol reduced the attraction of L. intricatus. 3-Carene, myrcene, and α-pinene appeared to have a partial inhibitory effect. Catches in spring and summer disclosed a high degree of temporal coincidence between the two species. We hypothesize that L. intricatus utilizes the aggregation pheromone of P. rufipennis as a host-finding kairomone.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition of Three Species of Thymus Growing Wild in Mazandaran, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghelichnia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Composition

Abstract The genus Thymus has a wide distributional range and chemical composition of the essential oils varies with geographical location of collection site, climate and other ecological factors. The essential oils of the aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty seven components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fedtschenkoi. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (69.04%), thymol (5.95%), borneol (5.21%), p-cymene (4.20%), bornyl acetate (2.97%) and 1,8- cineole (2.72%). Twenty two components were characterized in the essential oil of T. trauveterri. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (54.02%), thymol (9.29%), borneol (3.51%), p-cymene (18.64%) and γ- terpinene (2.97%). Twenty six components were characterized in the essential oil of T. pubescens. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (13.85%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), geraniol (9.48%), α-pinene (8.52%), p-cymene (7.66%), camphor (4.66%), γ-terpinene (3.15%) and myrcene (2.22%). Twenty four components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fallax. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (41.84%), p-cymene (12.18%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), γ-terpinene (8.68%), borneol (5.11%), geraniol (4.35%) and geranyl acetate (2.16%).

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