The effect of heat shock on differentiation of germinating conidia of Trichoderma viride

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 2274-2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Spiegel ◽  
Y. Henis ◽  
I. Chet ◽  
Glenda Messer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Resistance To Heat

Studies on the germination of Trichoderma viride spores indicate that they lose their resistance to heat at an early stage of germination. Whereas dormant conidia were resistant to 46 °C, the same treatment given 4 h after the onset of germination was lethal to the germinating spores. A milder thermal treatment (45 °C for 10 min) given during the first 2 h of incubation caused a delay both of swelling of conidia and appearance of germ tubes.Sensitivity of spores to heat was dependent on the temperature, duration of treatment, and incubation in a nutrient medium before application of the thermal treatment.Increase in oxygen uptake, rate of protein synthesis, and RNA synthesis were observed 2–3 h after the onset of germination. Ultrastructural changes were first observed after 4 h of germination. Application of the mild thermal treatment during the first 2 h of germination resulted in a delay in the observed increase in oxygen uptake, protein synthesis, swelling, and ultrastructural development, as well as emergence of germ tubes.

FEMALE ENDOCRINE CONTROL MECHANISMS DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-D. Schulz ◽  
H. Haarmann ◽  
A. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Physiological Dose

ABSTRACT The present investigation deals with the oestrogen-sensitivity of the female reproductive system during the neonatal period. Newborn female guinea pigs were used as test animals. At different times after a single subcutaneous injection of a physiological dose of 0.1 μg or an unphysiologically high dose of 10 μg 17β-oestradiol/100 g body weight, the RNA- and protein-synthesis was examined in the hypothalamic region, pituitary, cerebral cortex, liver, adrenal gland, ovary and uterus. With a physiological dose an increase in organ weight, protein content, RNA-and protein-synthesis was found only in the uterus. These alterations turned out to be dose-dependent. In addition to the findings in the uterus an inhibition of the aminoacid incorporation rate occurred in the liver following the injection of the high oestradiol dose. As early as 1 hour after the administration of 0.1 μg 17β-oestradiol an almost 100% increase in uterine protein synthesis was detectable. This result demonstrates a high oestrogen-sensitivity of this organ during the neonatal period. All the other organs of the female reproductive system such as the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary did not show any oestrogen response. Therefore the functional immaturity of the uterus during post partem life is not the result of a deficient hormone sensitivity but is correlated with the absence of a sufficient hormonal stimulus at this time. The investigation on the effects of actinomycin resulted in different reactions in the uterus and liver. In contrast to the liver a paradoxical actinomycin effect was found in the uterus after treatment with actinomycin alone. This effect is characterized by a small inhibition of RNA-synthesis and a 50% increase in protein synthesis. The treatment of the newborn test animals with actinomycin and 17β-oestradiol together abolished the oestrogen-induced stimulation of the uterine RNA-and protein-synthesis. Consequently, the effect of oestrogens during the neonatal period is also connected with the formation of new proteins via an increased DNA-directed RNA-synthesis.

scholarly journals Fate of Diclofenac and Its Transformation and Inorganic By-Products in Different Water Matrices during Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Heim ◽  
Mohamad Rajab ◽  
Giorgia Greco ◽  
Sylvia Grosse ◽  
Jörg E. Drewes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
By Products

The focus of this study was to investigate the efficacy of applying boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in an electrochemical advanced oxidation process, for the removal of the target compound diclofenac (DCF) in different water matrices. The reduction of DCF, and at the same time the formation of transformation products (TPs) and inorganic by-products, was investigated as a function of electrode settings and the duration of treatment. Kinetic assessments of DCF and possible TPs derived from data from the literature were performed, based on a serial chromatographic separation with reversed-phase liquid chromatographyfollowed by hydophilic interaction liquid chromatography (RPLC-HILIC system) coupled to ESI-TOF mass spectrometry. The application of the BDD electrode resulted in the complete removal of DCF in deionized water, drinking water and wastewater effluents spiked with DCF. As a function of the applied current density, a variety of TPs appeared, including early stage products, structures after ring opening and highly oxidized small molecules. Both the complexity of the water matrix and the electrode settings had a noticeable influence on the treatment process’s efficacy. In order to achieve effective removal of the target compound under economic conditions, and at the same time minimize by-product formation, it is recommended to operate the electrode at a moderate current density and reduce the extent of the treatment.

Microbial ecology of untreated and copper–chrome–arsenic treated stakes exposed in a tropical soil. 1. The initial invaders

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Ground Treatment ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
Copper Chrome Arsenic

A study of the microbial ecology of copper–chrome–arsenic treated and untreated Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus regnans sapwood ground stakes exposed for a total of [Formula: see text] years is currently being made. The results presented in this report cover the initial colonization period during the first 7 months of exposure. Soft rot in the outer layers of both species of untreated wood occurs after only 1 month in the ground. Treatment with CCA prevents the early attack of pine but is not as effective in the eucalypt, nor does it appear to have a significant effect upon the diversity of microorganisms which colonize the two woods. For the first 2 months Penicillia are the predominating members of the population. Trichoderma viride, Paecilomyces fumo-roseus, and Cladosporium spp. are also frequently isolated. At 4 months more active soft-rotting fungi can be isolated, e.g. Chaetomium globosum and Humicola grisea, together with Fusaria and Phycomycetes. Bacteria colonize the stakes at a very early stage, the population changing little over this initial period of the study. Actinomycetes were not isolated until the wood had been in the ground for a month or more after which their importance in the population has steadily increased. Basidiomycetes were microscopically observed in sections of the stakes but have not been isolated to date.

scholarly journals Photostimulated oxygen uptake in Trichoderma viride

1990 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 2287-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sulova ◽  
M. Hrmova ◽  
V. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Trichoderma Viride

An Early Stage of Cold Acclimation with Four Phases of Protein Synthesis in Crowns of Winter Wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1715-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Matsuda ◽  
Tohru Okuda ◽  
Akira Yamanaka ◽  
Shonosuke Sagisaka
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Early Stage

The Effect of Insulin on the Growth and Metabolism of the Human Diploid Cell, Wi-38

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-585
Author(s):  
J. B. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Contact Inhibition ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Membrane Area

In a confluent culture of WI-38 cells the membrane area available for nutrient uptake is greatly reduced and the possibility exists that this reduction in uptake capacity of the cell is a contributory factor in contact inhibition. Insulin has been reported by many authors to facilitate glucose uptake and also to stimulate protein, DNA and RNA synthesis, glycolysis, pino-cytosis and growth in cultured cells. The effect of insulin on WI-38 cells was determined, therefore, to find out whether it enabled the cell to escape from contact inhibition of growth. The action of insulin was found to be dependent upon medium composition. Growth and protein synthesis were stimulated in Eagle's minimal essential medium, but not when this medium was supplemented with glucose and glutamine. Apparently insulin is only effective when high-energy compounds become limiting. Whilst insulin did not induce any post-confluent division, the protein content of cells was increased by 30%, and this was correlated with an increased rate of protein synthesis. Despite this increased activity in protein metabolism, the utilization of amino acids was less in the presence of insulin indicating that a control mechanism for more economical utilization of amino acids for protein synthesis was activated by insulin. Insulin had no effect on RNA synthesis, and only a slight inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. Evidence was produced suggesting that insulin blocked cell division and encouraged differentiation. Glucose uptake and incorporation into the cell was stimulated by insulin, and this was especially noticeable after the cell sheet became confluent. The turnover of labelled glucose and derivatives was also enhanced by insulin and this was accompanied by a much higher rate of lactic acid production. It is concluded that insulin does not overcome contact inhibition and permit post-confluent division, but that it does enable the cell to take up and utilize nutrients more efficiently in confluent cultures with a resultant increase in metabolic activity and cell size.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document